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Scattergraphs Used to Reduce Scattered Results
Matthew Brown Kevin Enfinger, P.E. Pat Stevens, P.E.
NEWEA Collection Systems Specialty Conference & Exhibit
September 10, 2018
Overview
• WhatisaScattergraphinRelationtoFlowMonitoringData
• HowtoUseaScattergraphinQA/QC
• ExtraBenefitsofUsingScattergraphsinWetWeatherAnalysis
Billing
InflowandInfiltration
ModelCalibration
CapacityAnalysis
Why Do We Flow Monitor
What to Do with Flow Monitoring Data
0
5
10
20
25
15
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
0
30
Flow Velocity (ft/s)
max
min
8
60
35
40
45
50
55
2 4 6
Pipe FlowLLT4
Rainfall (in)
Flow (MGD)
Date
0.000.250.500.751.001.251.501.752.00
0.000.250.500.751.001.251.501.752.00
00
1998 1999 2000 2001
Rainfall Qfinal(g )
Formula for Constructing a Scattergraph
2
3
4
Flow
Dep
th (d
/D)
0.0
1.0
1
0.4
0.2
0.6
0.8
Flow Velocity, Quantity (v/vD) (Q/QD)0.0 1.40.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
Quantity
Velocity
5
Cons t ruc t g raph ica lr e p r e s e n t a t i o n o fchannel cross-sectionand lower into positionadjacent to foundation.
C o n s t r u c t s e p a r a t egraphing faci l i t ies forsurcharge conditions andlower into position on topof existing foundation.
Plot flow depth and velocitydata on a scattergraph andevaluate with respect to theManning Equation.
Relocate flow depth axisto the left as shown.
Construct graphical representationof a pipe section using conventionalbreaks as shown. Superimposeover existing foundation.
The Scattergraph in all of Its Glory!
0
5
10
20
25
15
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
0
30
Flow Velocity (ft/s)
max
min
8
60
35
40
45
50
55
2 4 6
Design Curves Provide Scientific Approach to Evaluate Flow Behavior
Manning Equation
2132 SRn4861v //.=
Flow Velocity
Flow
Dep
th
TheManningEquationisanempiricalformulathatdescribesarelationshipbetweendepthandvelocityunderidealconditionsandiscommonlyusedtodesignsewersystems.
InorderfortheManningEquationtoapply,thesewermustbeinfreeflow/gravityflowconditions.
PrecisionandBiasPrecision
Bias
Accurate Inaccurate
Inaccurate Inaccurate
Precision and Accuracy Applied to Flow Data
0.0 1.4
Flow Velocity (v/vD)
Flow
Dep
th (d
/D)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.0
2.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
Manning Equation
Precision and Accuracy Applied to Flow Data
Flow Velocity (ft/s)0 71 2 3 4 5 6
Flow Velocity (ft/s)0 71 2 3 4 5 6
(a) High Precision (Depth & Velocity) (b) Low Precision (Depth & Velocity)
min
max
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
0
7
14
21
min
max
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
0
7
14
Adding Even More Value to Your Scattergraph – ISO Q Lines
0
Flow Velocity (ft/s)62 4
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
0
24
48
28
32
36
40
44
4
8
12
16
20
2 MGD
4 MGD
8 MGD
6 MGD
• Iso-Qlinesareanalogoustocontourlinesonatopographicmap.
• Whenyoucrosscontour
Lines,yougoupordowninelevation.
• WhenyoucrossIso-Q
lines,yougoupordowninflowrate.
Scattergraphs in QA/QC Procedures
min
max
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
Flow Velocity (ft/s)
0
54
108
9
18
27
36
45
63
72
81
90
99
0 51 2 3 4
6.68 MGD
18.95 MGD
SS
DriftingDepthSensor
min
max
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
Flow Velocity (ft/s)
0
18
36
3
6
9
12
15
21
24
27
30
33
-1 4
SS
0.15 MGD
0.55 MGD
0 1 2 3
DriftingVelocitySensorPressureDepth-UltrasonicDepth-
Scattergraphs in QA/QC Procedures
min
max
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
Flow Velocity (ft/s)
0
54
108
9
18
27
36
45
63
72
81
90
99
0 51 2 3 4
6.68 MGD
18.95 MGD
SSmin
max
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
Flow Velocity (ft/s)
0
18
36
3
6
9
12
15
21
24
27
30
33
-1 4
SS
0.15 MGD
0.55 MGD
0 1 2 3
DriftingDepthSensor DriftingVelocitySensor
RememberAccordingtoadesigncurveallchangesinoneeitherdepthorvelocityshouldwarrantachange
initscounterpart.
Debris Accumulation
min
max
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
Flow Velocity (ft/s)0 5
0
42
1 2 3 4
7
14
21
28
35
0.4 MGD
SSDay1SSDay 14
1.3 MGD
5.1 MGD
2.5 MGD
PipeDay1NoSedimentorDebris
PipeDay14SedimentorDebris
Present
Debris on Sensor
0 .0 0
0 .2 5
0 .5 0
0 .7 5
1 .0 0
1 .2 5
1 .5 0
1 .7 5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
5 W e dS e p 2 0 1 8
6 T h u 7 F r i
A D S E n vi ro n m e n ta l S e rvi c e sH y d r o g r a p h
Ve
loc
ity (
fps
)
De
pth
1 (in
)
T im e
E D E X IT M H \m p 1 \P E A K V E L _ 1 E D E X IT M H \m p 1 \U p D E P T H _ 1DepthVelocity
A D S E n vi ro n m e n ta l S e rvi c e s9 /5 /2 0 1 8 1 2 :0 0 :0 0 A M - 9 /6 /2 0 1 8 1 1 :5 9 :0 0 P M
ED
EX
ITM
H\m
p1
\Up
DE
PT
H_
1 (
in)
E D E X IT M H \m p 1 \P E A K V E L _ 1 ( fp s )
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 0
0 .0 0 .5 1 .0 1 .5 2 .0 2 .5 3 .0 3 .5 4 .0
U p D E P T H _ 1 - P E A K V E L _ 1 ( 5 7 6 p ts )
Depth
Velocity
Wet Weather Applications
QuestionsWhenDealingwithWetWeatherHowmuchflowisbeingconveyedinmysystem?DoIhaveI/I?Howseverearemysurchargeevents?AmIexperiencingoverflows(CSO/SSO)?
Surcharge and Capacity Concerns
min
max
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
Flow Velocity (ft/s)
0
42
84
49
56
63
70
77
0 6
7
14
21
28
35
LC
1 2 3 4 5
6.5 MGD
17.6 MGD
20.8 MGD
min
max
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
Flow Velocity (ft/s)0 5
0
18
3
6
9
12
15
72
27
36
45
54
63
LC
1 2 3 4
3.83 MGD
2.07 MGD
0.50 MGD
PipeOperatingatFullCapacity PipeOperatingatLimitedCapacity
Thismuchunutilizedcapacity
A Closer Look at Surcharge Events
57 MGD
33 MGD
max
min
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
0
Flow Velocity (ft/s)0 15
140
42
7
14
21
28
35
56
70
84
98
112
126
LC
3 6 9 12
SSO
8 MGD
UpstreamOverflow
flow monitor
SSO
flow restriction
ReliefUpstreamcauseslessflowtobeobservedatthemonitoringlocation
A Closer Look at Surcharge Events
27.5 MGD13.3 MGD10.5 MGD
Flow
Dep
th (i
n)
0
30
5
10
15
20
25
Flow Velocity (ft/s)0 8
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
min
max
2 4 6
SSO
1.5 MGDLC
DownstreamOverflow
flow monitor
SSO
flow restriction
ReliefDownstreamcausesmoreflowtobeobservedatthemonitoringlocation
Quantifying CSO Events
Incomingflow Overflow
36“
24“
18“
Underflow
Quantifying CSO Events
OutgoingLine IncomingLine
Quantifying CSO Events
IncomingflowOverflow
Underflowtointerceptor
OverflowWeir
TideGate
FlowMeterSensor
43“
41.7“
D
C
B A
Quantifying CSO Events
Velocity
Freeflow–dryweather.
A
Backedupwithunderflowpipefull.
B
WeirHeight
LinearPatternofflowoveraweir.
C
3mgd
6mgd
Patternofflowathightide.
D
Depth
Quantifying CSO Events
Even More Useful Ways to Use a Scattergraph
Questions
MatthewBrownBusinessDevelopmentManager2566566385MBrown3@idexcorp.com
ThanksforListening
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