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Science – Visual Study Guide
Chapter 4 – Lessons 1-4
Mr. Rowe & Ms. Hallock
VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES
Vertebrate
An animal with a backbone
Invertebrate
Does NOT have a backbone
Vertebrates – 5 Groups Mammals
Hair on most of its body Females feed milk to their young
Vertebrates – 5 Groups
Fish Covered with scales Breathe with gills
Vertebrates – 5 Groups
Reptiles Has dry scales or tough plates Slithers across ground or crawls on short legs
Vertebrates – 5 Groups
Amphibians Moist skin without scales, hair, or feathers Breathes with lungs as an adult, gills when young Lives in water AND on land
Vertebrates – 5 Groups Birds
Covered with feathers Has wings, scaly legs and a beak Females lay eggs Some fly – not ALL!
Invertebrates
Here are some examples: be able to name at least 3 animals without backbones
Invertebrates Arthropods are the biggest group! They include:
Insects Arachnids (spiders) Crustaceans (crabs & shrimp) Centipedes & Millipedes
There are more INVERTEBRATES in the world – about 95% of all animals do NOT have backbones!
SYMMETRY
MOST animals have SYMMETRY!
That means that the parts of their bodies match up with other parts around a midpoint or a line.
Examples:
ENDOSKELETON AND EXOSKELETON
EXOSKELETON
Shell on the OUTSIDE of an animal’s body Protects them from getting SQUISHED! Keeps them from drying out Think: Knight in shining armor!
ENDOSKELETON Think ENDO = INDOOR Skeleton (bones) on the INSIDE of their
bodies Helps them stand up and walk
WARM AND COLD BLOODED ANIMALS
WARM BLOODED Some animals are warm-blooded
Mammals Birds
That means their body temperature stays the same all the time.
They get energy from food they eat.
COLD BLOODED
Some animals are cold blooded Fish Reptiles Amphibians
This means they need the SUN to keep them warm.
They are whatever temperature they are in their environment.
WHAT ALL ANIMALS MUST DO…
In order to be called an animal, an organism must do 6 things:
Be made up of many CELLS
In order to be called an animal, an organism must:
MOVE on their own
In order to be called an animal, an organism must:
GROW and DEVELOP
In order to be called an animal, an organism must:
REPRODUCE (have babies)
In order to be called an animal, an organism must:
React to changes in their environment Birds fly south for the winter Bears hibernate in the winter
In order to be called an animal, an organism must:
Get energy by eating food
In order to be called an animal, an organism must:
Get rid of wastes
IMPORTANT FACTS
Humans are VERTEBRATES!
Humans have an ENDOSKELETON!
Humans are WARM-BLOODED!
Humans constant body temperature is 98.6!
LIFE CYCLE
Life Cycle
The stages of growth and change that make up an animal’s life Birth Growing Having babies Death
LIFE SPAN
Life Span
How long an animal can usually live in the wild Example:
a moth lives about a week Snake can live 20 years Parrot can live 80 years
METAMORPHOSIS
Metamorphosis Frogs and many insects like butterflies go
through it It’s a cycle where an animal looks different at
each stage
BODY SYSTEMS
Respiratory System
Helps you breathe Important parts:
mouth, lungs, nose We breathe in
OXYGEN and out carbon dioxide
Circulatory System
Pumps blood throughout your body
The “pump” is the heart Important parts: heart,
blood vessels, veins You can feel your
circulatory system by checking your pulse in your neck or on your wrist
Skeletal System
Made up of our BONES
Helps us to stand, stay upright, and move around
We have 206 bones in our bodies!
Muscular System
Made up of muscles. We have 640
muscles in our bodies!
They push and pull on bones to help us move.
Nervous System Made up of our BRAIN,
SPINAL CORD, and nerves
Also our 5 senses (how we take in information)
Messages about what we feel travel from our bodies to our brains and our brain sends back messages about how to react (move away if something is hot)
Digestive System
IMPORTANT PARTS: mouth, throat, stomach, small and large intestine
Helps us to break down food after we eat and use the vitamins in it to keep us healthy
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