SE 350 – Programming Games Lecture 6: Programming with Unity Lecturer: Gazihan Alankuş Please...

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SE 350 – Programming Games

Lecture 6: Programming with UnityLecturer: Gazihan Alankuş

Please look at the last slide for assignments (marked with TODO)

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Today

• Cover most topics about scripting in Unity

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The BEST Development Environment for Unity Scripting that I Know of

• Visual Studio + Resharper for coding– I asked for a classroom license. I also sent an e-mail. Still

waiting. In the meantime go ahead and install the 30 day version.

• MonoDevelop for occasional line-by-line debugging (explained towards end of presentation)

• If you are using any other way, you would certainly develop a better game if you listen to me

• (If you disagree, talk to me before discarding my advice… I have worked on large projects.)

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Pointer Fun with Binky

• No class talking about references is complete without Binky!

• This is not a joke. If you don’t get why you watched it, please ask.

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pointer_Fun_with_Binky_(Java).ogg

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Variables with class Types are ReferencesVariables with struct Types are values

• Transform transform;• GameObject myObject;• Structs do not work that way– Vector3, Quaternion, etc.– Vector3 v = new Vector3(0, 0, 1);– Vector3 v1 = v;– v1.x = 1;– //v.x == 0 still

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Operator Overloading

• Vector3 v3 = new Vector3(v1.x + v2.x, v1.y + v2.y, v1.z + v2.z);

• Is equivalent to• Vector3 v3 = v1 + v2;

• 0.5 * Vector3.up– Etc.

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Components and Scripts

• Components are added to game objects and appear in the inspector

• Scripts (MonoBehavior) are custom components that you create– public variables appear in the inspector– Can have functions for handling GameObject’s

events (Update, OnCollisionEnter, etc.)

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Game Objects and Components

• Your code runs in the context of the component• You can access

– The game object that it is attached to • gameObject

– Other components that are attached to the same game object• GetComponent<ComponentType>()• Shortcuts for standard components (transform, renderer, etc. )

– Parent game object in the hierarchy• transform.parent.gameObject

– Other game objects in the scene• GameObject.Find(“Game object’s name”)

– There are more (find all components in this hierarchy, etc.)

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Accessing Things

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Cube

Transform

MyOtherScript (MonoBehavio

r)

MyScript (MonoBe

havior)

Game Object Components

GetComponent<MyOtherScript>()

transform

gameObject

GetComponent(“MyOtherScript”)

GetComponent<Transform>()

GetComponent(“Transform”)

Bushes GameObject.Find(“Bushes”)

Red text shows how this component accesses others

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Using the Inspector as a Guide• Don’t try to memorize anything. Just look at the inspector and

you’ll figure it out.

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If you can do it through the user interface, you can script it

• You can access anything• You can tell them to do anything• Use the inspector and hierarchy as starting

points

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Which Game Object Do You Attach Your Script to?

• It only changes– Whose components you want to access easily– Whose events you want to react to

• If these are not important for the script, it can be in one of the standard objects (camera, etc.)

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Let’s do some examples

• How do I reach this object?• How do I tell him to do something?

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Better Ways of Scripting

• Reaching game objects by name – Is slow (string comparisons)– Is static (have to have that specific name, difficult to reuse for

something else)• Another way is to expose references in the inspector

(public) and make connections in the user interface• However, the inspector can be an overkill, and you still

may want to find game objects by name– Don’t keep calling GameObject.Find() and GetComponent()– Make connections in the Awake() function

• It’s faster to use references that are already set

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Connecting Objects in Awake()

• Awake runs before anything else. So, it is the preferred place for setting up connections– otherObject = GameObject.Find(“other object”);– otherComponent =

GetComponent<OtherComponent>()– Later use these variables during the game, just like

you use the references to the standard components (transform, renderer, etc.)

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Creating and Destroying Objects while the Game is Running

• Instantiate(game object or prefab, position, rotation)

• Destroy(game object)

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Some Basic Data Types (struct, not class)

• Vector3– For positions and directions

• Quaternion – For orientations and rotations

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Transform

• transform.position• transform.rotation

– With respect to the world. Changes when parent changes.– Not what you see in the inspector.

• transform.localPosition• transform.localRotation• transform.localScale

– With respect to the parent. Does not change when parent changes.– What you see in the inspector

• transform.right, transform.up, transform.forward – x, y, z axes that you see

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Data Structures with Unity

• Don’t underestimate. It’s C#! You can do anything!• Classes, objects, references• Variables, structs• Collections ArrayList, List<>, Dictionary<,>

– using System.Collections.Generic; • Enums• Classes in separate files or within other classes

– Use them to group variables together• This would help even if you don’t know Java:

– http://www.25hoursaday.com/CsharpVsJava.html

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Some Coding Demonstration

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Debugging with MonoDevelop while Coding in Visual Studio at the Same Time

• Do this once after you created your Unity project– Edit->Preferences->External Tools is where you set the IDE that Unity will fire

• Select Visual Studio– Double-click a script, this will create the Visual Studio project

• Select MonoDevelop– Double-click a script, this will get the project in MonoDevelop’s recents

• Select Visual Studio again

– Close everyting• Do this at every run

– Run MonoDevelop without running Unity– Select the project that is already in the recent projects– Run->Debug

• This will run Unity

– Set a breakpoint in MonoDevelop and see how it stops at that breakpoint– Run Visual Studio by either

• running it from the start menu, • Or ensuring Edit->Preferences->External Tools is Visual Studio and double clicking on a script.

– This does not affect MonoDevelop2/10/2012

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How to go about working with code

• Access what you are interested in– Easy, just use the inspector as a guide

• Get the value, it will probably be an object of a class– For example: Vector3

• Read about it in the script reference– http://unity3d.com/support/documentation/ScriptRefer

ence/

• Also, search for random stuff in the script reference. It’s likely to lead in the right direction.

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How to improve yourself in C#

• Unity and C# tutorials in catlikecoding.com are good

• http://channel9.msdn.com/Series/C-Sharp-Fundamentals-Development-for-Absolute-Beginners

is not bad. If you don’t have enough time, watch 9, 14, 15, 21

• It’s fastest to learn from examples!– The five games that you already saw:

http://u3d.as/content/m2h/c-game-examples/1sG

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TODO: Projects

• Every member of the group will send me a separate weekly report about what you did that week about the project– This is private. Do not share with others. – Just write it as an e-mail. No attaching word

documents or pdfs please!– Send them every Thursday night!

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TODO: Midterm Exam

• Date: 21 March 2012 Time: 18:30 - 20:20 Place: A2

• No questions about the Maya interface

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