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BIG IDEA
Hinduism, the largest
religion in India today,
developed out of
ancient Indian beliefs
and practices.
There were four main groups, called varnas. The Brahmins (BRAH-muhns)
were priests and were the highest ranking varna.
The caste system became more complex, dividing Indian society into groups based on rank, wealth or occupation.
Castes were family based.
If you were born into a caste, you
would probably stay in it for your whole life.
UNTOUCHABLES
Untouchables could not enter temples, schools
and wells where higher castes drew water. In
some parts of southern India, they did not even
want to be able to see the untouchables. The
untouchables were forced to sleep during the
day and work at night (similar to our night
shift workers hours today). Many
untouchables left their social structure by
converting to Islam, Buddhism, or Christianity
where they were more accepted.
The Caste System has been illegal in India for
more almost 60 years, but it continues to
impact peoples lives today, even if illegal. The
Indian government has provided the Harijan a
term that is now used instead of untouchable.
The Harijan still have fewer educational and
employment opportunities than Indians from
higher castes.
Life for the lower castes was
difficult, but those who had no caste,
called untouchables,
were ostracized.
Brahmanism was perhaps the most important part of ancient Indian life,
as shown by the high
status of the Priest caste.
The religion was based on the four Vedas, writings that contained ancient sacred hymns and poems.
Veda is derived from the Sanskrit root vid which means "to know." Since our religion follows the vedic injunctions, it is known as "Vedic Religion".
The Rig Veda: The Book of Mantra The Sama Veda: The Book of Song The Yajur Veda: The Book of Ritual
The Atharva Veda: The Book of Spell
These thoughts were compiled into Vedic texts.
The texts described rituals, explained how to perform sacrifices, and
offered reflections from religious scholars.
Hinduism
The main
religion of
India; it
teaches that
everything is
part of a
universal
spirit called
Brahman
It developed from Brahmanism
and other influences.
http://westerlund11.wikis.birmingham.k12.mi.us/Emma+H.+Ancient+India+Wiki+Terms
http://flennoy11.wikis.birmingham.k12.mi.us/Luke+K.+india+wiki+terms
Hindus believe that there are many gods, but all gods are part of a universal spirit called Brahmin.
BRAHMA The Creator
He periodically creates everything in the universe. (The word periodically here refers to
the Hindu belief that time is cyclical; everything in the
universe — except for Brahman and certain Hindu scriptures —
is created, maintained for a certain amount of time, and
then destroyed in order to be renewed in ideal form again.)
VISHNU The
Preserver
The second member of the trinity. He maintains the order and
harmony of the universe, which is periodically created by Brahma and periodically destroyed by Shiva to
prepare for the next creation.
SHIVA The
Destroyer / Transformer
Shiva is the third member of the Hindu Trinity, tasked with destroying the universe in order to prepare for its renewal at the end of each cycle.
Hindus customarily invoke Shiva before the beginning of new
endeavor; they believe that any bad vibrations in the immediate vicinity
of worship are eliminated by the mere utterance of his praise or
name.
SARASWATI Goddess of knowledge, music, and
the arts
Students are encouraged to offer prayers to her during the
school/college term and especially before and during examinations.
GANESH God of the
intellect and the remover of obstacles
Ganesha, is Shiva’s first son. who has an elephant head. He holds
very special place in the hearts of Hindus because they consider him the Remover of Obstacles. Most Hindu households have a picture
or statue of him. It’s also not uncommon to see small replicas
of him hanging from rearview mirrors of cars and trucks!
RAMA The 7th avatar (incarnation)
of Vishnu
The literal meaning of the word avatar is “descent,” and it’s usually understood to mean
divine descent. Avatars are savior forms of a god that descend to earth to intervene whenever
help is needed to restore dharma (moral order) and peace. Vishnu
has ten avatars.
http://www.usefulcharts.com/religion/main-hindu-gods-chart.html
CHART OF HINDUISM GODS and GODDESSES
Hindus believe this understanding takes several lifetimes, so reincarnation, or rebirth, is necessary.
Reincarnation
A Hindu and
Buddhist belief
that souls are
born and reborn
many times,
each time into a
new body
In the caste system, those who have good
karma are born to higher castes
….. And those who are bad are born into
lower castes.
MOKSHA *The ultimate for Hindus is Moksha. If you reach Moksha you no longer are reincarnated – your soul is FREE and you do not return to life. *Mokshat can only be attained when all desire and attachment, including the desire for moksha have been overcome. *Moksha is obtained through knowledge(getting smarter) and by overcoming ignorance (stupidity). The three main ways to get to moksha are through: 1.) Knowledge; 2) Devotion; and 3) karma - actions. Yoga is among the methods that modern Hindus turn to in their quest for it. *Moksha is not an easy thing to attain. It can take thousands even millions of lifetimes to achieve
Dharma = a spiritual duty, to fulfill.
Fulfilling your dharma requires accepting your
station in life. By teaching people to accept their station
in life, Hinduism helped preserve the
caste system.
Holi is one of the holidays celebrated by Hindus?
What do you think they do?
How do they celebrate?
Why do they celebrate this way?
Holi is the Hindu spring festival, celebrating the SPRING EQUINOX and the coming of Lord
Krishna, who played with the colors of life.
In parts of India, Holi is also the time of gather the fall
harvest.
A favorite among children, the holiday begins in the evening when bonfires are lit. These fires are meant to empower the sun as it moves into the warmer and longer hours of spring. All night the faithful sing and dance and pray around the bonfires. When dawn arrives, the fires are extinguished with water.
Now, instead of fire, water and color becomes the center of the festival. Colored with special dyes, people throw the water and color at each other in a playful spirit. The party
sometimes last for day, during which people spend leisure time together,
eating special holiday foods and sweets.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hh-o5g4tLVE
HINDU FLOOR PAINTINGS If you were to visit India, you would notice their
colorful floor paintings that decorate the entrance to many homes.
These designs ARE NOT permanent but instead made with chalk or rice flour.
They are meant to keep alive a spirit of blessing
and care for the home.
Sri Yantra = one of the designs They use this design as a focus for meditation.
Hindu Holy Place(s)
http://soulcurrymagazine.com/sc/temples-ghats-banaras-hindu-university.html
There are 4 holy places in India. Going to all 4 of them is called a
Pilgrimage.
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/hinduism-for-dummies-cheat-sheet.html
Hinduism for
Dummies
http://www.chiddingstone.kent.sch.uk/homework/religion.html
http://factsanddetails.com/world.php?itemid=1355&catid=55&subcatid=354
GROUPS REACT TO HINDUISM
Although Hinduism was widely followed – not everybody agreed with its beliefs.
Some unsatisfied people and groups looked for new religious ideas. Two such groups were the Jains, believers in Jainism, and
Sikhs, believers in Sikhism.
Jainism
- An Indian
religion based
on the
teachings of
Mahavira that
teaches that
all life is
sacred
Jainism started by a Hindu (Mahavira – 599 B.C.) who felt that there was too much emphasis put on rituals. His teaching emphasized four basic principles:
- injure NO life - human, animal, insect, or even plants.
- tell the truth - do not steal - own no property
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPscKFV5yKU
Let me answer your question in short and sweet. Jainism does have Scriptures called Agamas (meaning Canonical texts). Jainism is not a revealed religion, but a religion of purely human origin. There are no commandments but the texts discusses the natural laws of the universe. Hence you will not find a single text like Bible or Quran in Jainism. Agamas are 45 (Canonical texts) in number. Some of them which are totally lost. These are accepted by Svetambara sect of Jainism. Check this link here : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jain_Agamas There is also a group of 14 prior texts called 14 Purvas that existed before Mahavira and are now considered as totally lost. Check this link here : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purvas
Jains are vegetarians because they do not believe in hurting living creatures.
They do not eat any food that comes from animals.
SIKHISM Founded centuries later 1400s AD. It’s a/the BABY Religion – one of
the newest ones..
Started by a man by the name of Guru Nanak. Guru means (in Sanskrit) “Teacher.”
He was dissatisfied
with the Hindu
religious teachings.
He began to travel and came into
contact with many other
religions.
Sikhism is monotheistic. Believe in only ONE God, who has no physical form but can be sensed in the
creation.
Ultimate goal = to be reunited with God after death
HOW = They meditate to find enlightenment. However, because they believe that
enlightenment can take several lifetimes, they believe in reincarnation.
Believe: Live truthfully Treat people equally (regardless of gender social class, or any other factor)
1.) They pray several times each day. 2.) Expected to wear five items at all times as a sign of their religion: - long hair - a small comb - a steel bracelet - a sword - a special undergarment
Men wear turban, so do many women (not required For women)
Men are required to wear a turban, so do many women. (Not required for women.)
What is the Symbol of Sikhism? The symbol or emblem of Sikhism is known as the Khanda. It is made up of: The Khanda - a double edged sword. This represents the belief in one God. The Chakkar, like the Kara it is a circle representing God without beginning or end and reminding Sikhs to remain within the rule of God. Two crossed kirpans (swords) representing spiritual authority and political power.
The Sikh scripture
Guru Granth Sahib
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/08/06/a-dummy-s-guide-to-sikhism.html
Sikhism for
Dummies
http://www.chiddingstone.kent.sch.uk/homework/religion.html
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