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Section 5.4 Gravity Waves
Gravity Waves
Gravity acts as the restoring force on parcels displaced from hydrostatic equilibrium.
Pure gravity exists when the fluid is stably stratified.
Two types of gravity waves: external gravity waves: static stability is due to the
density discontinuity at the interface between two fluids
internal gravity waves: static stability arises from the stable stratification, buoyancy force acts as the restoring force
External Gravity Waves: Density Discontinuity
Air: Small Density
h’
h’
Water: Large Density
Transverse Waves:
Waves are oscillations (in field variables, such as velocity or pressure) that propagate in space.
Surface (External) Gravity Waves
Tsunami: Shallow Water Waves
Gravity Waves
Gravity acts as the restoring force on parcels displaced from hydrostatic equilibrium.
Pure gravity exists when the fluid is stably stratified.
Two types of gravity waves: external gravity waves: static stability is due to the
density discontinuity at the interface between two fluids
internal gravity waves: static stability arises from the stable stratification, buoyancy force acts as the restoring force
Internal Gravity Waves: Stable Stratification
Colder than the env.; Downward acc.
Warmer than the env.; Upward acc.
Vertical Velocity (w) Field During a Model Initial Adjustment Periods
Internal Gravity Waves Generated by Rapidly Rising Deep Convection
Mountain Waves and Clouds
Lenticular Cloud
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