Semester 1 Review. 1.The science that is basic to the other sciences is a.physics. b.chemistry....

Semester 1 Review

1. The science that is basic to the other sciences isa. physics. b. chemistry. c. biology. d. astronomy.

Assessment Questions

1. The science that is basic to the other sciences isa. physics. b. chemistry. c. biology. d. astronomy.

Answer: A

2. The language of science isa. mathematics. b. nature. c. common language.d. English.

Answer: A

3. Technology is a a. body of scientific knowledge.b. tool of science.c. form of science.d. solution to all of humankind’s problems.

Answer: B

4. Which of the following statements about progress today compared with progress centuries ago is true?

a. Progress today is slower than it was centuries ago.b. Progress today is faster than it was centuries ago. c. Progress today is the same as it was centuries ago. d. There is no way to determine if progress today differs from progress

centuries ago.

4. Which of the following statements about progress today compared with progress centuries ago is true?

a. Progress today is slower than it was centuries ago.b. Progress today is faster than it was centuries ago. c. Progress today is the same as it was centuries ago. d. There is no way to determine if progress today differs from progress

centuries ago.

Answer: B

5 When you hold a rock in your hand at rest, the forces on the rock a. are mainly due to gravity. b. are mainly due to the upward push of your hand. c. cancel to zero. d. don’t act unless the rock is dropped.

5. When you hold a rock in your hand at rest, the forces on the rock a. are mainly due to gravity. b. are mainly due to the upward push of your hand. c. cancel to zero. d. don’t act unless the rock is dropped.

Answer: C

6. Burl and Paul have combined weights of 1300 N. The tensions in the supporting ropes that support the scaffold they stand on add to 1700 N. The weight of the scaffold itself must be

a. 400 N.b. 500 N.c. 600 N.d. 3000 N.

6. Burl and Paul have combined weights of 1300 N. The tensions in the supporting ropes that support the scaffold they stand on add to 1700 N. The weight of the scaffold itself must be

a. 400 N.b. 500 N.c. 600 N.d. 3000 N.

Answer: A

7. Harry gives his little sister a piggyback ride. Harry weighs 400 N and his little sister weighs 200 N. The support force supplied by the floor must be

a. 200 N.b. 400 N.c. 600 N.d. more than 600 N.

7. Harry gives his little sister a piggyback ride. Harry weighs 400 N and his little sister weighs 200 N. The support force supplied by the floor must be

a. 200 N.b. 400 N.c. 600 N.d. more than 600 N.

Answer: C

8. When a desk is horizontally pushed across a floor at a steady speed in a straight-line direction, the amount of friction acting on the desk is

a. less than the pushing force.b. equal to the pushing force.c. greater than the pushing force.d. dependent on the speed of the sliding crate.

8. When a desk is horizontally pushed across a floor at a steady speed in a straight-line direction, the amount of friction acting on the desk is

a. less than the pushing force.b. equal to the pushing force.c. greater than the pushing force.d. dependent on the speed of the sliding crate.

Answer: B

9. When Nellie hangs at rest by a pair of ropes, the tensions in the ropesa. always equal her weight.b. always equal half her weight.c. depend on the angle of the ropes to the vertical.d. are twice her weight.

Answer: C

10. If gravity between the sun and Earth suddenly vanished, Earth would continue moving in a(n)

a. curved path.b. straight-line path.c. outward spiral path.d. inward spiral path.

10. If gravity between the sun and Earth suddenly vanished, Earth would continue moving in a(n)

a. curved path.b. straight-line path.c. outward spiral path.d. inward spiral path.

Answer: B

11. To say that 1 kg of matter weighs 10 N is to say that 1 kg of mattera. will weigh 10 N everywhere. b. has ten times less volume than 10 kg of matter.c. has ten times more inertia than 10 kg of matter.d. is attracted to Earth with 10 N of force.

Answer: D

12. The Earth moves about 30 km/s relative to the sun. But when you jump upward in front of a wall, the wall doesn’t slam into you at 30 km/s. A good explanation for why it doesn’t is that

a. the sun’s influence on you is negligible. b. the air in the room is also moving.c. both you and the wall are moving at the same speed, before, during,

and after your jump.d. the inertia of you and the wall is negligible compared with that of the

12. The Earth moves about 30 km/s relative to the sun. But when you jump upward in front of a wall, the wall doesn’t slam into you at 30 km/s. A good explanation for why it doesn’t is that

a. the sun’s influence on you is negligible. b. the air in the room is also moving.c. both you and the wall are moving at the same speed, before, during,

and after your jump.d. the inertia of you and the wall is negligible compared with that of the

Answer: C

13. Jake walks east through a passenger car on a train that moves 10 m/s in the same direction. Jake’s speed relative to the car is 2 m/s. Jake’s speed relative to an observer at rest outside the train is

a. 2 m/s.b. 5 m/s.c. 8 m/s.d. 12 m/s.

13. Jake walks east through a passenger car on a train that moves 10 m/s in the same direction. Jake’s speed relative to the car is 2 m/s. Jake’s speed relative to an observer at rest outside the train is

a. 2 m/s.b. 5 m/s.c. 8 m/s.d. 12 m/s.

Answer: D

14. A gazelle travels 2 km in a half hour. The gazelle’s average speed isa. 1/2 km/h.b. 1 km/h.c. 2 km/h.d. 4 km/h.

Answer: D

15. Constant speed in a constant direction isa. constant velocity.b. constant acceleration.c. instantaneous speed.d. average velocity.

Answer: A

16. A vehicle undergoes acceleration when ita. gains speed.b. decreases speed.c. changes direction.d. all of the above

Answer: D

17. If a falling object gains 10 m/s each second it falls, its acceleration can be expressed as

a. 10 m/s/s.b. 10 m/s2.c. v = gt.d. both A and B.

17. If a falling object gains 10 m/s each second it falls, its acceleration can be expressed as

a. 10 m/s/s.b. 10 m/s2.c. v = gt.d. both A and B.

Answer: D

18. A rock falls 180 m from a cliff into the ocean. How long is it in free fall?a. 6 sb. 10 sc. 18 sd. 180 s

Answer: A

19. The slope of a speed-versus-time graph representsa. distance traveled.b. velocity.c. acceleration.d. air resistance.

Answer: C

20. In a vacuum tube, a feather is seen to fall as fast as a coin. This is because

a. gravity doesn’t act in a vacuum.b. air resistance doesn’t act in a vacuum.c. greater air resistance acts on the coin.d. gravity is greater in a vacuum.

20. In a vacuum tube, a feather is seen to fall as fast as a coin. This is because

a. gravity doesn’t act in a vacuum.b. air resistance doesn’t act in a vacuum.c. greater air resistance acts on the coin.d. gravity is greater in a vacuum.

Answer: B

21. Speed and acceleration are actuallya. one and the same concept, but expressed differently.b. rates of one another.c. entirely different concepts.d. expressions of distance traveled.

Answer: C

22. An object will accelerate when.a SF = 0.

b. it is unbalanced.c. it is pushed or pulled with a net force.d. its mass increases.

22. An object will accelerate when.a SF = 0.

b. it is unbalanced.c. it is pushed or pulled with a net force.d. its mass increases.

Answer: C

23. When a net force acts on an object, its acceleration depends on the object’s

a. initial speed.b. mass.c. volume.d. weight.

23. When a net force acts on an object, its acceleration depends on the object’s

a. initial speed.b. mass.c. volume.d. weight.

Answer: B

24. A cart is pushed and undergoes a certain acceleration. Consider how the acceleration would compare if it were pushed with twice the net force while its mass increased by four. Then its acceleration would be

a. one quarter.b. half.c. twice.d. the same.

24. A cart is pushed and undergoes a certain acceleration. Consider how the acceleration would compare if it were pushed with twice the net force while its mass increased by four. Then its acceleration would be

a. one quarter.b. half.c. twice.d. the same.

Answer: B

25. Friction is a force like any other force and affects motion. Friction occurs in

a. solids sliding over one another.b. fluids.c. air.d. all of these

25. Friction is a force like any other force and affects motion. Friction occurs ina. solids sliding over one another.b. fluids.c. air.d. all of these

Answer: D

26. The reason a 20-kg rock falls no faster than a 10-kg rock in free fall is thata. air resistance is negligible.b. the force of gravity on both is the same.c. their speeds are the same.d. the force/mass ratio is the same.

Answer: D

27. A force interaction requires at least a(n)a. single force.b. pair of forces.c. action force.d. reaction force.

Answer: B

28. Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force on the first that is

a. opposite in direction and equal in magnitude at the same time.b. in the same direction and equal in magnitude a moment later.c. opposite in direction and greater in magnitude at the same time.d. in the same direction and weaker in magnitude a moment later.

28. Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force on the first that is

a. opposite in direction and equal in magnitude at the same time.b. in the same direction and equal in magnitude a moment later.c. opposite in direction and greater in magnitude at the same time.d. in the same direction and weaker in magnitude a moment later.

Answer: A

29. The force that directly propels a motor scooter along a highway is that provided by the

a. engine.b. fuel.c. tires.d. road.

29. The force that directly propels a motor scooter along a highway is that provided by the

a. engine.b. fuel.c. tires.d. road.

Answer: D

30. When you jump vertically upward, strictly speaking, you cause Earth toa. move downward.b. also move upward with you.c. remain stationary.d. move sideways a bit.

Answer: A

31. When the speed of an object is doubled, its momentuma. remains unchanged in accord with the conservation of momentum.b. doubles.c. quadruples.d. decreases.

Answer: B

32. On roller blades you horizontally toss a ball away from you. The mass of the ball is one tenth your mass. Compared with the speed you give to the ball, your recoil speed will ideally be

a. one tenth as much.b. the same.c. ten times as much.d. 100 times as much.

32. On roller blades you horizontally toss a ball away from you. The mass of the ball is one tenth your mass. Compared with the speed you give to the ball, your recoil speed will ideally be

a. one tenth as much.b. the same.c. ten times as much.d. 100 times as much.

Answer: A

33. A big fish swims upon and swallows a small fish at rest. After lunch, the big fish has less

a. speed.b. momentum.c. both of thesed. none of these

33. A big fish swims upon and swallows a small fish at rest. After lunch, the big fish has less

a. speed.b. momentum.c. both of thesed. none of these

Answer: A

34. A falling firecracker bursts into two pieces. Compared with the momentum of the firecracker when it bursts, the two pieces

a. combined have the same momentum.b. each have half as much momentum.c. have more momentum.d. may or may not have more momentum.

34. A falling firecracker bursts into two pieces. Compared with the momentum of the firecracker when it bursts, the two pieces

a. combined have the same momentum.b. each have half as much momentum.c. have more momentum.d. may or may not have more momentum.

Answer: A

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