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Senior Seminar Fall 2008ISP 4860
Section 003 (Bowen)
Class 6, October 8Course web site: www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSemF08
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 2
Agenda
• Pictures• New on course website• Late / returned / future assignments• Research: MLA, people with same topic• Content:
The credit crunch and the Ecosystem are both complex systems
Food / fish• Writing
Organizer for Chapter 1 Paragraphs
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 3
New Course resources
• Internet jack in this room is dead, wiring in wall will need to be replaced
• www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSemF08 Under “Other sites of interest” – links to:
• Articles organized on paper topics, although some cross over topics
• Moodle Forum topic on searching – place to leave
(and get) tips, suggestions, etc. How to upload your picture in News Forum
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 4
Assignments Coming Up• For tonight
List of references• In a word processing file, turned in via Moodle
PLUS (new) Paper Planner for Draft of Chapter 1
• Copy of Section Planner passed out last week, or go to the course website if you missed this
• Bring a paper copy of this to class – do not turn in via Moodle
• October 15: draft of Chapter 1 (overview) Word processing file turned in via Moodle Also Section Planner, in class
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 5
Assignments Coming Up
• October 22: drafts of Chapter 2 (status in your area of focus) Chapter 3 (trends in your area of focus) Both are word processing files turned in via
Moodle
• October 29: revised Chapter 1 I should have it returned with comments by
October 22 (grade?) Further revisions possible up until 12/3
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 6
Research portfolio
• Self-assessment will be repeated two more times during semester 10/29 12/3
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 7
Late Assignments
• Still someone without a Moodle account.• Only four lists of references turned in at
2:30 today• Reminder – a component of the course
grade comes for getting assignments in on time
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 8
Credit Crunch
• Credit crunch spreading to rest of world, including less-developed
• US credit tightening – states asking for emergency loans
• Rescue plan will take months to get going
• Federal Reserve (“Fed”) says it will loan directly into the “commercial paper” market
• Can the developed countries act together?
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 9
Biodiversity
• New study of mammals, or at least several thousand mammals for which we have detailed information “Red List” 25% could become extinct Full study to be published in Science
• Advance story on course website
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 10
Complex Systems
• Two very complex systems: Ecosystem World financial system
• We (humans) are not very good yet at understanding or managing such complex system Particularly when systems change rapidly We need to get better at this “Complex Systems” as a field of study
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 11
Research: MLA
• Discussion in Moodle Forum
• Point I want to repeat: MLA citation style is to minimize disruption to
reader Citation is “in-line” – not a footnote, for
example Minimum length to identify the item in Works
Cited• E.g. author’s last name and page (Kennedy 35)
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 12
Research: People with same topic
Disease Kimberley, Patricia
Ecosystem Services Abdullah, Daralene, Androme
Energy Minyon, Scott, Gina
Food Meredith, Chemika, Martha, Louise, Yvonne
Population Jacob, Willie
Water Judith, Michael
Sustainability Connie, Valerie (consumption)
Go with group that interests you
Cardale
People with the same topic discuss and report.
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 13
Research – Planning Chapter 1
• You should have a completed “Section Planner” for your draft of your chapter 1
• Small groups, everyone reads and discusses each Planner
• Make notes on Planner for changes you would like to make
• New forms available if you want to redo yours
• Turn original in next week
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 14
Content: Food / Fish
• Fish Pp 29 - 36
• Food: (Security) Pp 108 – 110 (Security) Pp 154 - 159
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 15
Fish
• Much overfishing around the world US has relatively good control here Keep fishing allowances down so that stock is
replenished
• Countries where fish is more important in diet often overfish as population and prosperity grow Subsidies to fishermen – can make little sense “Factory” Trawlers – full processing plants
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 16
Fish
• Coastal fish more numerous but overfished
• Trend is to have to fish further from shore, deeper waters, for fish that were once rejected (Figure 3 Pg 42)
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 17
Factory Trawlers
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 18
Food
• Issue today is Food Security – we have enough food, but many people do not have a reliable supply Pests, spoilage, pilfering
• However, recent gains are stalling, food no longer rising as fast as population
• For ~ 10,000 years, farmers selected best of local crop Much more productive of food for humans
than original wild versions
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 19
Green Revolution
• 1980s “Green Revolution” Government-financed research centers for
major grains Found best rice genes from around world, put
them in one type Done for all major grains Done through normal plant breeding, just
select the breeds and put them together Came to require many resources: irrigation,
fertilizer, pesticides (monoculture)
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 20
Green Revolution GMOs
• 1980s “Green Revolution” Often too expensive for poor farmers
• Now, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Private commercial development Select genes from across species, even
between plants and animals Transfer directly, without breeding Can decrease need for resources but seed is
expensive
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 21
GMOs• Genes make proteins, so plant has
proteins from different species Can tailor crops to type of farmland, etc.
• But proteins are from foods, so known to be safe for human consumption: “Frankenfood” DB: “like chewing strawberries and hamburger
together” Still, controversial in much of developed world Because of resource savings, poor farmers
have little choice, but still expensive
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 22
Food Supply• Biggest need for more food will come from
prosperity, if this leads to “eating higher on the food chain/web.” Factory farms generate large amounts of
animal waste, can be an environmental and aesthetic hazard
• Climate Change can disrupt agriculture• HIV/AIDS disrupting populations, killing
adults• Education needed to apply modern
methods
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 23
Food and Trade Policy
• US subsidizes food exports US farmers well organized, dependent US Food aid often requires purchase of food
from US
• Local farmers in poor countries often cannot compete with these subsidized prices
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 24
World Controversy
• Modern mechanized agriculture Vs improved earlier methods, e.g. less plowing (just make a slit)
• Arguments: Ecosystem can’t take increase requirements
for water, fertilizer, pesticides, plus do not like GMOs
Earlier methods, even improved, can’t produce enough food
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 25
Writing
• Paragraphs A major new topic needs a new paragraph
• Signal to the reader
Some people like more paragraphs, some fewer
Academic writing usually tends to fewer (appropriate for complex topics)
Be consistent Often can correspond to outline levels
10/8/08 Senior Seminar F08, Class 6 26
Paragraph
• Handouts Two original article with paragraphs removed:
one long paragraph Break it into paragraphs at topic changes
• Small groups, group report on each
• You can leave when your group turns in its two reports
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