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SimPhonics, Inc.
OverviewOverview
What is VComm? Networked audio component of V+
Uses DIS, HLA, and VoIP protocolsConnects simulators via network
Simulate radios over networkProvide Intercoms, Radio simulation, etc.
Interoperate with ASTi and others
What is VComm? Networked audio component of V+
Uses DIS, HLA, and VoIP protocolsConnects simulators via network
Simulate radios over networkProvide Intercoms, Radio simulation, etc.
Interoperate with ASTi and others
SimPhonics, Inc.
OverviewOverview
Can be used with any Windows XP Need sound and network device (card)
Works on laptops, desktops, etc.
Unlimited number of radios and operationNot credit based
Add-on to V+Sold separately
Can be used with any Windows XP Need sound and network device (card)
Works on laptops, desktops, etc.
Unlimited number of radios and operationNot credit based
Add-on to V+Sold separately
SimPhonics, Inc.
OverviewOverview
VComm is networked audio For local audio use SMx or other means
VComm could be used for local communicationsInefficient since it uses network sockets
VComm and SMx can be used togetherSMx uses virtual WI and WO, well suited for VComm
VComm is networked audio For local audio use SMx or other means
VComm could be used for local communicationsInefficient since it uses network sockets
VComm and SMx can be used togetherSMx uses virtual WI and WO, well suited for VComm
SimPhonics, Inc.
DIS/HLA PrimerDIS/HLA Primer
DIS– Distributed Interactive Simulation
HLA– High Level Architecture
DIS– Distributed Interactive Simulation
HLA– High Level Architecture
SimPhonics, Inc.
DIS/HLA PrimerDIS/HLA Primer
DIS in wide use– Military exercises
Virtual flag– Several hundred participants
– SimPhonics systems play prominent role
– Interoperable with ASTi, Plexus and emDee
DIS in wide use– Military exercises
Virtual flag– Several hundred participants
– SimPhonics systems play prominent role
– Interoperable with ASTi, Plexus and emDee
SimPhonics, Inc.
DIS/HLA PrimerDIS/HLA Primer
DIS– IEEE 1278.1a standard
Distributed network for simulation interoperability
DIS in wide use
HLA less prominent but newer
DIS– IEEE 1278.1a standard
Distributed network for simulation interoperability
DIS in wide use
HLA less prominent but newer
SimPhonics, Inc.
DIS/HLA PrimerDIS/HLA Primer
DIS versions– IEEE 1278.1-1995
First IEEE Standard
– IEEE 1278.1a-1998Second IEEE Standard
– 1278.1a-200x (Draft 13)Under development
SimPhonics leading Radio Tiger Team Effort
SISO PDG
DIS versions– IEEE 1278.1-1995
First IEEE Standard
– IEEE 1278.1a-1998Second IEEE Standard
– 1278.1a-200x (Draft 13)Under development
SimPhonics leading Radio Tiger Team Effort
SISO PDG
SimPhonics, Inc.
DIS/HLA PrimerDIS/HLA Primer
DIS versions– IEEE 1278.1a-1998
Latest IEEE Standard
Added Intercom PDUs (ICS)
ICS PDUs are not being used
– 1278.1a-200xImproving plug and play capability for radios
Encourage vendors to interoperate
Fix bad sections in standard
DIS versions– IEEE 1278.1a-1998
Latest IEEE Standard
Added Intercom PDUs (ICS)
ICS PDUs are not being used
– 1278.1a-200xImproving plug and play capability for radios
Encourage vendors to interoperate
Fix bad sections in standard
SimPhonics, Inc.
DIS/HLA PrimerDIS/HLA PrimerDIS protocol based on UDP/IP– All Communication is via PDUs
A PDU is an Ethernet packet PDU Families
Entity Information/InteractionWarfareLogisticsSimulation ManagementEmission RegenerationRadio CommunicationsEntity ManagementMinefieldSynthetic EnvironmentSimulation Management with ReliabilityInformation EperationsLive Entity
DIS protocol based on UDP/IP– All Communication is via PDUs
A PDU is an Ethernet packet PDU Families
Entity Information/InteractionWarfareLogisticsSimulation ManagementEmission RegenerationRadio CommunicationsEntity ManagementMinefieldSynthetic EnvironmentSimulation Management with ReliabilityInformation EperationsLive Entity
SimPhonics, Inc.
DIS/HLA PrimerDIS/HLA Primer
Relevant PDUs to VComm– Entity State
Used only for entity attach (more later…)This means that all entity PDUs must be inspected if entity attach is being used
– Radio Communication PDUsTransmitter
Signal
Receiver
Intercom signal (IEEE 1278.1a 1998 only)
Intercom control (IEEE 1278.1a 1998 only)
Relevant PDUs to VComm– Entity State
Used only for entity attach (more later…)This means that all entity PDUs must be inspected if entity attach is being used
– Radio Communication PDUsTransmitter
Signal
Receiver
Intercom signal (IEEE 1278.1a 1998 only)
Intercom control (IEEE 1278.1a 1998 only)
SimPhonics, Inc.
DIS/HLA PrimerDIS/HLA Primer
Radio Communication PDUsTransmitter
– Convey information about a simulated transmitter, on/off, type, secure equipment, etc.
Signal– Carries actual digitized audio data (voice)
Receiver– Conveys information about simulated receivers. This is
not a widely used PDU, although SimPhonics does implement this PDU (possibly the only vendor).
Radio Communication PDUsTransmitter
– Convey information about a simulated transmitter, on/off, type, secure equipment, etc.
Signal– Carries actual digitized audio data (voice)
Receiver– Conveys information about simulated receivers. This is
not a widely used PDU, although SimPhonics does implement this PDU (possibly the only vendor).
SimPhonics, Inc.
DIS/HLA PrimerDIS/HLA Primer
HLA Publish and subscribe mechanism
– Much more efficient– Single process called RTi handles all interactions– At one time in the past, all DOD sites were mandated to
be HLA compatible…(did not happen)
Difficult to setup and use– Low interoperability in industry
FOM– Federate Object Model– All applications must use same FOM– Most popular is RPR FOM 1.0
HLA Publish and subscribe mechanism
– Much more efficient– Single process called RTi handles all interactions– At one time in the past, all DOD sites were mandated to
be HLA compatible…(did not happen)
Difficult to setup and use– Low interoperability in industry
FOM– Federate Object Model– All applications must use same FOM– Most popular is RPR FOM 1.0
SimPhonics, Inc.
DIS/HLA PrimerDIS/HLA Primer
HLA VersionsOriginal version known as HLA 1.3
– Developed by DMSO – public distribution
– Has since been handed to industry and is no longer avail.
Current IEEE 1516 standard– HLA 1.3 still Prominent
HLA VersionsOriginal version known as HLA 1.3
– Developed by DMSO – public distribution
– Has since been handed to industry and is no longer avail.
Current IEEE 1516 standard– HLA 1.3 still Prominent
SimPhonics, Inc.
VComm DIS RadiosVComm DIS Radios
Define RequirementsInteroperability requirementsVoice QualityNetworking Issues
Configure VCommCreate .VNE file
Build V+ ApplicationReuse existing, or create new model
Monitor SystemDebug, resolution of problems
Define RequirementsInteroperability requirementsVoice QualityNetworking Issues
Configure VCommCreate .VNE file
Build V+ ApplicationReuse existing, or create new model
Monitor SystemDebug, resolution of problems
SimPhonics, Inc.
Interoperability IssuesInteroperability Issues
Interoperability requirements If interaction with other vendor radios,
– Determine their needs
Sample Rate
Compression scheme
Signal PDU length
Model Fidelity – frequency match
Otherwise, no worries
Interoperability requirements If interaction with other vendor radios,
– Determine their needs
Sample Rate
Compression scheme
Signal PDU length
Model Fidelity – frequency match
Otherwise, no worries
SimPhonics, Inc.
Voice QualityVoice Quality
Sample RateBest voice quality when:
16,000Hz sample rateNo compression scheme, (PCM)Longer signal PDU lengths (1048)
Only works when you have this freedomNot interoperatingNetwork Bandwidth is available
8000Hz most commonMeets basic DIS requirementDefault VComm setting
Sample RateBest voice quality when:
16,000Hz sample rateNo compression scheme, (PCM)Longer signal PDU lengths (1048)
Only works when you have this freedomNot interoperatingNetwork Bandwidth is available
8000Hz most commonMeets basic DIS requirementDefault VComm setting
SimPhonics, Inc.
Voice QualityVoice QualityCompression Schemes
1 = mu-law, 2:1 2 = CVSD, 16:1 (MIL STD 188) 3 = ADPCM, 4:1 4 = 16-bit PCM (Big Endian), 1:1 5 = 8-bit Linear PCM, 1:1 6 = VQ, variable comp., (not supported in VComm) 7 = CVSD CCTT, 16:1 8 = 1.625-bit GSM0, variable comp., (currently in devel.) 9 = 0.7-bit GSM0, variable comp., (currently in devel.) 100 = 16-bit PCM (Little Endian), 1:1
Only mu-law required to be compliant with (current) DIS standard
Compression Schemes 1 = mu-law, 2:1 2 = CVSD, 16:1 (MIL STD 188) 3 = ADPCM, 4:1 4 = 16-bit PCM (Big Endian), 1:1 5 = 8-bit Linear PCM, 1:1 6 = VQ, variable comp., (not supported in VComm) 7 = CVSD CCTT, 16:1 8 = 1.625-bit GSM0, variable comp., (currently in devel.) 9 = 0.7-bit GSM0, variable comp., (currently in devel.) 100 = 16-bit PCM (Little Endian), 1:1
Only mu-law required to be compliant with (current) DIS standard
SimPhonics, Inc.
Voice QualityVoice Quality
Signal PDU length– Any length will work with VComm, but
No Specification Requirement
VComm and ASTi use 480
– Best to use other vendor’s settings
Signal PDU length– Any length will work with VComm, but
No Specification Requirement
VComm and ASTi use 480
– Best to use other vendor’s settings
SimPhonics, Inc.
Network IssuesNetwork Issues
VComm Network Topology Broadcast
– Simple to configure, inefficient
Unicast– Point to Point
Multicast– Difficult to Configure, efficient, becoming standard
method of DIS networking
VComm Network Topology Broadcast
– Simple to configure, inefficient
Unicast– Point to Point
Multicast– Difficult to Configure, efficient, becoming standard
method of DIS networking
SimPhonics, Inc.
ConfigurationConfiguration
Specification version should not matter, but, some exercise filters require certain versions…
SimPhonics, Inc.
Build V+ AppBuild V+ App
Select existing design– Explore
C:\Program Files\VPLus\VPLus Samples\VComm– “VComm Radio.des”– Should not have to change anything
Select existing design– Explore
C:\Program Files\VPLus\VPLus Samples\VComm– “VComm Radio.des”– Should not have to change anything
SimPhonics, Inc.
DIS IDsDIS IDs
If IDs are left at zero– VComm generates an ID based on IP address
(e.g., 192.168.100.33 generates an ID of 100/33/1/x
Otherwise, you must specify ID’s– Difficult configuration management
If IDs are left at zero– VComm generates an ID based on IP address
(e.g., 192.168.100.33 generates an ID of 100/33/1/x
Otherwise, you must specify ID’s– Difficult configuration management
SimPhonics, Inc.
Antenna LocationAntenna Location
Three ways to set Antenna location
Hard code the X,Y,Z inputs with constants
Connect inputs to another computer (Host)
Attach the radio to an existing network entity
Three ways to set Antenna location
Hard code the X,Y,Z inputs with constants
Connect inputs to another computer (Host)
Attach the radio to an existing network entity
SimPhonics, Inc.
Antenna LocationAntenna Location
Entity Attach Allows VComm to attach to an existing entity on network
Must know the entity ID
Use Object 2017
Entity Attach Allows VComm to attach to an existing entity on network
Must know the entity ID
Use Object 2017
SimPhonics, Inc.
DIS/HLA SetupDIS/HLA Setup
Each VComm radio is independent Simultaneous use of DIS/HLA
“Send To Network” static data determines DIS/HLA network selection
Can use both!
“Send To Network” Settings: 0 - off (no packets will be sent)
1 - DIS
8 - HLA
9 - Both DIS and HLA
Each VComm radio is independent Simultaneous use of DIS/HLA
“Send To Network” static data determines DIS/HLA network selection
Can use both!
“Send To Network” Settings: 0 - off (no packets will be sent)
1 - DIS
8 - HLA
9 - Both DIS and HLA
SimPhonics, Inc.
Instrumentation (Perfmon.exe)Instrumentation (Perfmon.exe)
Performance monitors Incoming PDUs Outgoing PDUs Dropped TX packets Incoming Transmitter PDUs Incoming Signal PDUs Incoming Entity State PDUs Incoming ICS Control PDUs Incoming ICS Signal PDUs Number of Radios in Exercise
Performance monitors Incoming PDUs Outgoing PDUs Dropped TX packets Incoming Transmitter PDUs Incoming Signal PDUs Incoming Entity State PDUs Incoming ICS Control PDUs Incoming ICS Signal PDUs Number of Radios in Exercise
SimPhonics, Inc.
Path Loss ModelPath Loss Model
Path loss is several models Free space propagation Loss
WGS84 earth model LOS
Refraction
Terrain surface type
Fresnel effects
Multi-path signal fading
Terrain database
Path loss is several models Free space propagation Loss
WGS84 earth model LOS
Refraction
Terrain surface type
Fresnel effects
Multi-path signal fading
Terrain database
SimPhonics, Inc.
Propagation Loss ModelPropagation Loss Model
Signal Power at Receiver vs. Distance from TransmitterTransmitter Power = 5 Watts
-90.0
-80.0
-70.0
-60.0
-50.0
-40.0
-30.0
-20.0
-10.0
0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Distance (km)
Sig
nal
Po
wer
(d
B)
30 MHz
60 MHz
90 MHz
120 MHz
150 MHz
180 MHz
210 MHz
240 MHz
270 MHz
300 MHz
330 MHz
360 MHz
390 MHz
SimPhonics, Inc.
Smooth Earth ModelSmooth Earth Model
Line-Of-Sight WGS84 Earth Model LOS
Diffraction Effects
Terrain
Line-Of-Sight WGS84 Earth Model LOS
Diffraction Effects
Terrain
SimPhonics, Inc.
Fresnel Effects ModelFresnel Effects Model
Fresnel zone 1 Up to 60 dBm before LOS interference
Fresnel zone 1 Up to 60 dBm before LOS interference
SimPhonics, Inc.
Tuner ModelTuner Model
VComm Tuner ModelUses Gaussian functions
Band pass response if Specific to radio
VComm Tuner ModelUses Gaussian functions
Band pass response if Specific to radio
SimPhonics, Inc.
Noise ModelNoise Model
Radio noise Thermal noise (KTB Noise)
– Function of Bandwidth
– -131 dBm at 25,000 Hz
Atmospheric noise– Based on several types of noise
– Includes Galactic and Man-made
– Zero below 100,000 Hz (ICS frequencies)
Radio noise Thermal noise (KTB Noise)
– Function of Bandwidth
– -131 dBm at 25,000 Hz
Atmospheric noise– Based on several types of noise
– Includes Galactic and Man-made
– Zero below 100,000 Hz (ICS frequencies)
SimPhonics, Inc.
Audio FilteringAudio Filtering
Audio filtering for realism Real radios band pass the audio
300 to 3,000 Hz
Sounds distinctly like a radio
VComm Radio Audio Emulation Filter (object 2055) provides this capability
Audio filtering for realism Real radios band pass the audio
300 to 3,000 Hz
Sounds distinctly like a radio
VComm Radio Audio Emulation Filter (object 2055) provides this capability
SimPhonics, Inc.
300Hz to 3000Hz Band-pass Filter300Hz to 3000Hz Band-pass Filter
Unfiltered DIS Radio
(All Competitors)
Filtered DIS Radio
(Realistic Model)
Click on Icons to Hear Difference
SimPhonics, Inc.
Other special audible effectsOther special audible effects
“Squelch tail” Heard at end of incoming transmission
Function of AGC, S/N level, etc.
Radio power on and power off sounds Radio specific
Secure effects
System specific effects Test Tones, etc.
“Squelch tail” Heard at end of incoming transmission
Function of AGC, S/N level, etc.
Radio power on and power off sounds Radio specific
Secure effects
System specific effects Test Tones, etc.
SimPhonics, Inc.
Coordinate SystemsCoordinate Systems
Geodetic Geocentric (DIS)
LAT, LONG, ALT X,Y,Z
SimPhonics, Inc.
Coordinate SystemsCoordinate Systems
DIS uses Geocentric Object to convert Geodetic to Geocentric
Note that 0,0,0 Geocentric is the center of the earth and a de-facto DIS standard for non-propagation loss radio.
DIS uses Geocentric Object to convert Geodetic to Geocentric
Note that 0,0,0 Geocentric is the center of the earth and a de-facto DIS standard for non-propagation loss radio.
SimPhonics, Inc.
Device versus ChannelDevice versus Channel
Be careful when dealing with legacy radiosDevices are two channels of left and right
Channels are independent streams
Be careful when dealing with legacy radiosDevices are two channels of left and right
Channels are independent streams
Device Channel
1 Left 1
1 Right 2
2 Left 3
2 Right 4
Etc…
SimPhonics, Inc.
Antenna LocationAntenna Location
De-facto standardx,y,z = 0,0,0 means no propagation loss and is most widely used
Any other location, and propagation loss model is in effect
De-facto standardx,y,z = 0,0,0 means no propagation loss and is most widely used
Any other location, and propagation loss model is in effect
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