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SIPPIN’, DIPPIN’ AND TRIPPIN’:
EMERGING TRENDS IN YOUTH
SUBSTANCE USE
Cecily M. Watkins, MPH, CHES,CPS
LRADAC
Prevention Specialist
LRADAC
LRADAC cares for the needs of the
citizens of Lexington and Richland
Counties of South Carolina. We offer a
wide array of prevention, intervention and
treatment programs in locations
convenient to residents of both counties. Detox, Adult, Adolescent, Dual –Diagnosis
Outpatient
Prevention, Community Resource Center
ABOUT US
Provide prevention, intervention, and treatment
services
Serve approx 4,500 clients each year
COMMUNITY RESOURCE CENTER
Lending Library
• DVD's and Videos for loan
• Displays and prevention materials
• Brochures/Posters
• Fact sheets
• Research materials
• Visit www.lradac.org/community-
resource-center
Underage Drinking:
Why Worry?
Youth who drink before the age of 15 are four
times more likely to develop alcohol
dependence and 2½ times more likely to
become alcohol abusers than those who wait
until age 21.
Source: Grant, B.F., & Dawson, D.A. (1997). Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. Journal of Substance Abuse 9: 103-110.
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2013 MONITORING OUR FUTURE
SURVEY
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Reported getting drunk in the past month:
8TH GRADE
3.5%
10TH GRADE
12.8%
12TH GRADE
26%
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Adolescents & Alcohol Use
Because of the changes occurring in the brain during the teen years, alcohol affects teenagers and adults differently. It appears to produce bigger impairments in learning and more widespread brain damage in adolescents than in adults.
Repeated alcohol use might alter the path of the developing adolescent brain.
ALCOHOL
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WHAT HAS CHANGED…
What kids drink (potency)
How much kids drink
Frequency of drinking
Age of initiation
Availability
Definition of a “drink”
Parental/adult supervision
New Container Sizes Encourage
Greater Consumption
Today, beer is sold in 12, 22, 32,
40 & 60 oz. containers
New sizing = confusion about what is really “a drink”
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HEALTH THREAT
Cheap
Sweet flavors (soda, fruity)
Confusing/deceptive packaging (high
alcohol content, large can)
BINGE DRINKING IN A CAN
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FOUR LOKO ON FACEBOOK
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BLAST BY COLT 45
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YOUNG – HIP - COOL
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SMIRNOFF
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SMIRNOFF VODKA FLAVORS
Iced Cake
Kissed Caramel
Root Beer Float
Raspberry
Watermelon
Pineapple
Mango
Peach
Cherry Lime
Vanilla 19
STASH
REEF DRAM
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HIDDEN AGENDA
A CHEAP STASH CONTAINER
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MARIJUANA
NATURAL? Withdrawal
Depression
Tired
Not caring about appearance
Hostile – Intense Anger
Loss Relationships
Alters the heart rate
Can lead to anxiety and panic attacks
Can cause paranoia and lethargy
OTHER DRUGS
Research shows those who use
marijuana are more likely to try
stronger drugs like crack,
cocaine.
WHAT’S THE PROBLEM? Perceptions more intense
Time and space distortions
Diminished short-term memory
Inability to pay attention and concentrate
Diminished reflexes
Problems with coordination
Impaired ability to perform complex tasks
Difficulty operating machinery, including
driving a car
MARIJUANA USE INCREASING
According to the 2013 Monitoring Our Future
Survey, Adolescent reported marijuana use in
last 30 days:
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8th graders 7%
10th graders 18%
12th graders 22.7%
THE EMERGENCE OF SYNTHETIC DRUGS
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HISTORY
Clemson Laboratory
– 1995 Clemson researcher discovered a
way to synthesize THC to restore
appetite to chemotherapy patients
– Compound first disclosed in a research
paper in 1998
– Other labs have created their own
synthetic cannabinoids
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INCENSE
Individuals are spraying the compound into
organic, ingestible substance and packaging it for
sell as incense, plant food, glass cleaner
May be marketed as “herbal incense”
Most often marked “not for human consumption”
Comes in variety of flavors
Unregulated mix of dried herbs and flowers
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K2
•The combination looks like crushed
potpourri.
•Blends are traditionally burned in
incense pots; however, users roll the K2
incense in wrappers to make joints, or
they smoke it in pipes.
•When smoked, K2 delivers a high
similar to that of marijuana.
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CHALLENGES
“K2” does not show up on typical drug tests
No research on long-term effects of “K2”
As it becomes illegal in states, manufacturers are
changing ingredients to make it legal.
Sold in head shops and convenience stores
Shown on “You Tube” as a how to guide
Easily ordered on internet
Can be purchased by any age
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DRUG TEST
Many different chemicals to test for
so test would have to be
comprehensive. Ex. HU-210, JWH-
018, WH-173
New test has been developed, but not
widely used yet.
Expensive and may not cover all the
chemicals. 37
NATIONAL POISON CONTROL:
SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA (K2)
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Year Number of
Calls
2010 2,906
2011 6,959
2012 5,205
2013 2,639
SIDE EFFECTS
Reported side effects are hallucinations, agitation, elevated heart rate, elevated blood pressure, vomiting, and seizures. Evidence shows that K2 has the potential to damage the lungs, brain, heart, and other vital organs. Very negative psychotropic experiences.
The developer says the effects are considerably more potent than marijuana. He discourages the use as there is no research on the effects on humans.
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BAN
Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of
2012. The legislation bans synthetic compounds
commonly found in synthetic marijuana ("K2"or
"Spice"), synthetic stimulants ("bath salts“), and
hallucinogens, by placing them under Schedule I
of the Controlled Substances Act.
April 2, 2012 South Carolina Bill(H3137) signed
by the Governor banning a comprehensive list of
synthetic compounds. Also those mimicking these
compounds.
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MANY BRANDS, MANY FLAVORS. BEWARE
OF “HERBAL INCENSE”
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OPERATION LOG JAM JULY 2012
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DEA NEWS: Nationwide Synthetic Drug Takedown 19 million packets of synthetic drugs seized and $36 million in cash
WASHINGTON – More than 90 individuals were arrested and more than five million packets of finished designer synthetic drugs were seized in the first-ever nationwide law enforcement action against the synthetic designer drug industry responsible for the production and sale of synthetic drugs that are often marketed as bath salts, Spice, incense, or plant food. More than $36 million in cash was also seized.
MOLLY
Powder or crystal form of MDMA, a chemical
used in Ecstasy
Considered to be pure unlike Ecstasy which can
be laced with caffeine or methamphetamine.
A whitish/yellowish powder, sold loose in packets,
packed into clear capsules or pressed into tablet
form.
Inhaled or eaten
Users 20’s-40’s
Experience a sudden rush of energy and elation
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MOLLY SIDE EFFECTS
Confusion
Anxiety
Paranoia
Insomnia
Drug cravings
Loss of Inhibitions
Fever/chills/sweating
Hypothermia
Seizures
Increase blood pressure or heart rate 44
MOLLY
Popular at music festivals and concerts
Included in songs by main stream artist like
Miley Cyrus, Kanye West, Rick Ross, Rihanna,
Katy Perry, and Kesha.
2013 Labor Day music festival 20 year old
woman and 23 year old man died after taking
Molly. Four others were critically ill.
A 19 year old died that same weekend in Wash,
DC rave concert after taking Molly.
The number of emergency room visits continues
to increase. 45
E CIGARETTES
E-cigs contain nicotine which is highly addictive
E-cigs are not regulated by FDA-include
chemicals and additives
Because they are able to use it more places, use
more often.
Flavors including bubble gum, mountain dew,
cap’n crunch, etc.
In just one year, e-cigarette use doubled among
high school and middle school students, and 1 in
10 high school students have used an e-cigarette.
Altogether, 1.78 million middle and high school
students nationwide use e-cigarettes 46
HOOKAH
From Middle Eastern Culture
A vase or pipe partially filled with water.
A hose with a mouthpiece through which smoke
is drawn.
Smoking sessions last 45-60 minutes can lasts
several hours.
Made popular because of the availability of
flavored tobacco. Hookah bars and cafes.
Not safer as perceived- high concentrations of
carbon monoxide, nicotine, tar, and heavy metals.
The mouthpiece is often shared and not cleaned. 47
WE ARE HERE FOR YOU Provide prevention, intervention, and treatment
services
Serve approx 4,500 clients each year
THANKS!!
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