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Small survey of tractor and agricultural machinery sellers in Kaduna state
Questionnaire
1 Cover Sheet 1.1 Tractor retailers / distributors no. 1.2 Tractor retailers / distributors name 1.3 City 1.4 District 1.5 Cell Phone Number (Interviewer: record the best phone number at which to reach the interviewee) 1.6 Interviewer name 1.7 Supervisor name 1.8 Date of interview [dd/mm/yy]
2
Informed Consent: It is necessary to introduce the interviewee to the survey and obtain the consent of all prospective respondents who participate. If a
prospective respondent is not present at the beginning of the interview, be sure to return to this page and obtain consent before interviewing him or her.
Thank you for the opportunity to speak with you. We are a research team from International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). IFPRI is an international non-
governmental organization, and is helping the efforts to reduce poverty and hunger, and improve food security of people in developing countries including Nigeria.
IFPRI has an office in Abuja, and works closely with the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Federal Ministry of Water Resources, providing
them with research-based information that helps the designs of their agricultural mechanization policies. We are conducting a survey under the project called
“Understanding the nature of tractors and other agricultural machinery sellers in the informal sector in Kaduna and Benue states, Nigeria”. The survey aims to
learn the nature of their business operations, their evolutionary histories, how they overcame various challenges that often plague start-up enterprises in developing
countries, and what challenges they continue to face which can be properly addressed by the improved agricultural mechanization strategies. You have been
selected to participate in an interview that includes questions on topics such as the what and how you do tractors and machinery sales business, whether and how
you provide repairs and maintenance services, as well as other services such as loans and demonstrations of machinery uses to potential buyers, how you started
your business, what had been the challenges and how you have or have not overcome these challenges. These questions in total will take approximately 1-2 hours
to complete, and your participation is entirely voluntary. It is possible that you may feel tired as the interview proceeds. You can refuse to participate. If you agree
to participate, you can choose to stop at any time or to skip any questions you do not want to answer. Your answers will be completely confidential; we will not
share information that identifies you with anyone. After entering the questionnaire into a data base, we will destroy all information such as your name which will
link these responses to you. There are no direct benefits to you from participating in this interview. However, the information collected from you can significantly
help the government and donors to improve their support programs for the agricultural mechanization in your areas as well as the whole of Nigeria.
You can ask questions about the research anytime during the interview. If in the future you have any questions regarding survey and the interview, or concerns or
complaints we welcome you to contact the following:
IFPRI Nigeria office
Address: No 6/Plot 1413 Ogbagi Street. Off Oro-Ago Crescent. Cadastral Zone II. Garki, Abuja. Nigeria
Phone: +234 092912092
Eduardo Maruyama (Chair of the Institutional Review Board, International Food Policy Research Institute)
E-mail: ifpri-irb@cgiar.org
Phone: +1-202-862-5693
Website: http://www.ifpri.org/profile/eduardo-maruyama
Ask the following consent questions of all prospective respondents. As applicable, have the person check and sign the two consent boxes below, one for
participation in survey, and the other for recording of the voice.
MODULE B. INFORMED CONSENT SIGNATURE PAGE
Name
Consent to participate in survey
(Check one box) Signature or mark
YES NO
3
(Duplicates)
Informed Consent: It is necessary to introduce the interviewee to the survey and obtain the consent of all prospective respondents who participate. If a
prospective respondent is not present at the beginning of the interview, be sure to return to this page and obtain consent before interviewing him or her.
Thank you for the opportunity to speak with you. We are a research team from International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). IFPRI is an international non-
governmental organization, and is helping the efforts to reduce poverty and hunger, and improve food security of people in developing countries including Nigeria.
IFPRI has an office in Abuja, and works closely with the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Federal Ministry of Water Resources, providing
them with research-based information that helps the designs of their agricultural mechanization policies. We are conducting a survey under the project called
“Understanding the nature of tractors and other agricultural machinery sellers in the informal sector in Kaduna and Benue states, Nigeria”. The survey aims to
learn the nature of their business operations, their evolutionary histories, how they overcame various challenges that often plague start-up enterprises in the
developing countries, and what challenges they continue to face which can be properly addressed by the improved agricultural mechanization strategies. You have
been selected to participate in an interview that includes questions on topics such as the what and how you do tractors and machinery sales business, whether and
how you provide repairs and maintenance services, as well as other services such as loans and demonstrations of machinery uses to potential buyers, how you
started your business, what had been the challenges and how you have or have not overcome these challenges. These questions in total will take approximately 1-2
hours to complete and your participation is entirely voluntary. It is possible that you may feel tired as the interview proceeds. You can refuse to participate. If you
agree to participate, you can choose to stop at any time or to skip any questions you do not want to answer. Your answers will be completely confidential; we will
not share information that identifies you with anyone. After entering the questionnaire into a data base, we will destroy all information such as your name which
will link these responses to you. There are no direct benefits to you from participating in this interview. However, the information collected from you can
significantly help the government and donors to improve their support programs for the agricultural mechanization in your areas as well as the whole of Nigeria.
You can ask questions about the research anytime during the interview. If in the future you have any questions regarding survey and the interview, or concerns or
complaints we welcome you to contact the following:
IFPRI Nigeria office
Address: No 6/Plot 1413 Ogbagi Street. Off Oro-Ago Crescent. Cadastral Zone II. Garki, Abuja. Nigeria
Phone: +234 092912092
Eduardo Maruyama (Chair of the Institutional Review Board, International Food Policy Research Institute)
E-mail: ifpri-irb@cgiar.org
Phone: +1-202-862-5693
Website: http://www.ifpri.org/profile/eduardo-maruyama
Ask the following consent questions of all prospective respondents. As applicable, have the person check and sign the two consent boxes below, one for
participation in survey, and the other for recording of the voice.
MODULE B. INFORMED CONSENT SIGNATURE PAGE
Name
Consent to participate in survey
(Check one box) Signature or mark
YES NO
4
2 Business activities, revenues and costs structures
A. Nature of activities and revenues
2.1 How many tractor / machinery sales facilities do you currently operate?
Procuring of tractors and sources
2.2 In the last 12 months, how many tractors did you purchase or obtain (for resale)?
2.3 Out of these, how many were brand-new tractors?
Sellers of tractors
2.4
In the past 12 months, how many % of tractors you obtained are from […] ?
2.5
From how many […], did you obtain tractors?
Importers
Wholesalers
Other retailers / distributors
Farmers
Companies / enterprises
Other individuals in Nigeria
Other individuals in foreign countries
Government
Buyers of tractors
2.6
In the last 12 months, how many % of tractors were sold to […]? (If zero, skip to the next row).
2.7
To how many […], did you sell?
Individual farmers
Companies / enterprises
Other retailers / distributors
Government agencies
NGOs
Cooperatives / farmer
organizations
5
Seasonality
2.8
In 2017, in […] , roughly
how many days did you
operate tractor sales
activities?
2.9
In 2017, in […] , roughly how
many days did you operate
agricultural machinery sales
activities?
2.10
In 2017, in […] , roughly
how many days did you
operate spare parts sales
activities?
2.11
In 2017, in […] , roughly how many days did you
operate repairs, refurbishing of tractors or
agricultural machines?
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
B. Operating cost
Tractor acquisition costs - outside dealership
Last 12 months Peak month
Type of tractors 2.12
Outside any
dealership, did
you purchase
[…] in the last
12 months,
either to resell
them as tractors
or resell their
parts?
1 = yes
2 = no (skip to next
row)
2.13
Outside
any
dealership,
how many
[…] did
you
purchase in
the last 12
months?
2.14
On average,
what was the
purchase values
of […] per unit,
including the
credit / loans
you took ?
(Naira per unit)
2.15
Sources of finance for purchasing […] in the last 12
months
2.16
Outside any
dealership,
how many
[…] did you
sell in the
peak month?
2.17
On average,
what was the
purchase values
of […] per unit,
including the
credit / loans
you took ?
(Naira per unit)
Personal
savings
(%)
Informal
source
(relatives
, friend,
etc) (%)
Bank
loans
(%)
Govern
ment
subsidi
es (%)
Loans
from
sellers
(%)
Brand-new four-wheel
tractors
Brand-new two-wheel
tractors
Used four-wheel tractors
Used two-wheel tractors
6
Labor cost (ask only for the peak months – later on, multiply by the total number of days operated, from above)
2.18
During the peak month (busiest month), how
many […] did you hire, (combining all facilities
you operate?
(if zero, skip to next row)
2.19
In this peak month,
typically, how many
days did you hire these
[…]? (maximum = 30
days)
2.20
In this peak month, how much did you pay for these
[…]
Amount (approximate
market value if in kind)
Unit 1 = per day
2 = per week
3 = per month
4 = per year
99 = others (specify)
Non-family
members
Family members (including
yourself)
Store / facility managers
Machine operators
Repairers, mechanics
Other casual laborers
Administrative Assistants
Security guards
Agents
Non-labor cost 2.21
Typically, how much do you spend on […] for all the agricultural machinery sales facilities you operate ?
Amount Unit 1 = per day
2 = per week
3 = per month
4 = per 3 months
5 = per 6 months
6 = per year
Electricity
Fuels / diesels for machines
Fuels / diesels to run generators
Spare machine parts: engine
Spare machine parts: non-engine
Machine tires
Workshop tools
Oils
Grease
Bags
Stiches
Other materials
Rent for on-site premise (land, buildings etc)
Rent for off-site warehouse
Business certificate
Business registration fees
Any other tax / fee payment
7
Repairing, refurbishing and upgrading of tractors between purchase and resale
Note: Exclude the case where the interviewee provided these services for fees without actually owning the tractors
2.22
In the last 12 months, before selling tractors, did you repair
[…]?
1 = yes
2 = no (skip to 2.24)
(Note: this excludes refurbish / upgrading, which are asked in 2.24)
2.23
If so,
approximately
how many %
of tractors did
you repair
[…] ?
2.24
In the last 12 months,
before selling tractors, did
you refurbish / upgrade
[…]?
1 = yes
2 = no (skip to next row)
2.25
If so, for how
many % of
tractors did
you refurbish
/ upgrade
[…] ?
Engines Parts for Fuel supply & carburetion system Tires Parts for cooling systems Parts for electrical ignition system Parts for transmission system Parts for hydraulic system Bearing and beam Drive shaft Axel and drawbar
Repairing, refurbishing and upgrading of tractor-attachments and other agricultural machineries between purchase and resale Other equipment 2.26
In the last 12 months, between purchasing […] and re-selling them,
did you do any repairing? 1 = yes
2 = no (skip to 2.28)
(Note: this excludes refurbish / upgrading, which are asked in 2.28)
2.27
If so,
approximately
how many %
of […] did you
repair before
resale?
2.28
In the last 12 months, between
purchasing […] and re-selling
them, did you do any
upgrading? 1 = yes
2 = no (skip to next row)
2.29
If so,
approximately
how many %
of […] did you
upgrade before
resale? Plough disc
Harrow disc
Rotovator
Cart/trailer
Rice thresher
Milling machine
Combine harvesters
Reapers (small harvesters)
Shelling machine
Planting machine
Fertilizer dispenser
Boom sprayer
Pump for irrigation
Sprayer machine
Other major machines
8
Transportation cost - tractors
2.30 Do you typically cover the transportation costs for buying tractors?
2.31 What is the typical distance that you transport tractors from buyers? Km
2.32 What is the typical distance that you transport tractors from buyers? Hour
2.33 If yes, what is the typical mode? 1 = Rent loader + driver
2 = Use own loader + driver
3 = Pay transporter
4 = Drive tractor itself (by you or by your driver)
2.34 If (Rent loader + driver), for this typical distance, how much do you pay for
renting a loader?
1 = per trip
2 = per day
3 = per week
4 = per month
2.35 How much do you pay for the driver? 1 = per trip
2 = per day
3 = per week
4 = per month
2.36 How much do you pay for the fuel? 1 = per trip
2 = per day
3 = per week
4 = per month
2.37 Do you use the rented loader for other purposes, than transporting tractors? (yes = 1; no = 0 (skip to xxx))
2.38 Approximately, how many % of the time the rented loader is used for
transporting tractors ?
2.39 If (Pay transporter), for this typical distance, how much do you pay the
transporter?
1 = per trip
2 = per day
3 = per week
4 = per month
5 = per tractor
2.40 If (Use own loader + driver), for this typical distance, how much do you pay for
the driver? (Naira)
1 = per trip
2 = per day
3 = per week
4 = per month
5 = per tractor
2.41 How much do you pay for the fuel? 1 = per trip
2 = per day
3 = per week
4 = per month
5 = per tractor
2.42 Approximately, how many % of the time is the loader used for transporting
tractors?
2.43 (If driving tractor itself), for this typical distance, how much do you pay the
driver?
2.44 How much do you pay for the fuel?
9
Transportation cost – other machines 2.45 Do you typically cover the transportation costs for buying other agricultural machines?
2.46 What is the typical distance that you transport other agricultural machines from buyers? Km
2.47 What is the typical distance that you transport other agricultural machines from buyers? Hour
2.48 If yes, what is the typical mode? 1 = Rent loader + driver
2 = Use own loader + driver
3 = Pay transporter
4 = Drive the machines themselves (by you or by your driver)
2.49 If (Rent loader + driver), for this typical distance, how much do you pay for renting a loader? 1 = per trip
2 = per day
3 = per week
4 = per month
2.50 How much do you pay for the driver? 1 = per trip
2 = per day
3 = per week
4 = per month
2.51 How much do you pay for the fuel? 1 = per trip
2 = per day
3 = per week
4 = per month
2.52 Do you use the rented loader for other purposes than transporting other agricultural machines? (yes = 1; no = 0 (skip to xxx))
2.53 Approximately, how many % of the time the rented loader is used for transporting other agricultural machines?
2.54 If (Pay transporter), for this typical distance, how much do you pay the transporter? 1 = per trip
2 = per day
3 = per week
4 = per month
5 = per tractor
2.55 If (Use own loader + driver), for this typical distance, how much do you pay for the driver?
(Naira)
1 = per trip
2 = per day
3 = per week
4 = per month
5 = per tractor
2.56 How much do you pay for the fuel? 1 = per trip
2 = per day
3 = per week
4 = per month
5 = per tractor
2.57 Approximately, how many % of the time is the loader used for transporting other agricultural
machines?
2.58 (If driving machines themselves), for this typical distance, how much do you pay the driver?
2.59 How much do you pay for the fuel?
2.60 Do you label the tractors you sell (indicating your name as seller)? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.61 Do you typically brand the tractors you sell? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.62 Do you typically label the agricultural machines you sell
(indicating your name as seller)?
1 = yes 2 = no
2.63 Do you typically brand the agricultural machines you sell? 1 = yes 2 = no
10
C. Cost of spare parts / repair
We would like to know your access to spare parts and repair service
- Repair
o Before selling
o After selling (after-sales service)
- Tools for repair
- Repairing of repairing tools
o
Spare parts and repairing before selling tractors Spare parts 2.64
Did you hire someone
specifically to repair /
maintenance. or
upgrade […] for
tractors, other than
your operators or
managers? 1 = yes
2 = no (skip to 2.66)
2.65
In the past 12
months, how
much did you
pay in total for
hiring that
person to repair
or upgrade […]
for tractors?
(Naira)
2.66
In the past 12
months, how
much did you
spend on any
other materials
to do repair,
upgrade […]
for tractors ?
2.67
Did you hire someone
specifically to repair /
maintenance. or upgrade
[…] for other
agricultural machines,
other than your
operators or managers? 1 = yes
2 = no (skip to 2.69)
2.68
In the past 12
months, how much
did you pay in total
for hiring that person
to repair or upgrade
[…] for other
agricultural
machines?
(Naira)
2.69
In the past 12
months, how
much did you
spend on any
other materials to
do repair,
upgrade […] for
other agricultural
machines?
Engines
Parts for Fuel supply & carburetion system
Tires
Parts for cooling systems
Parts for electrical ignition system
Parts for transmission system
Parts for hydraulic system
Bearing and beam
Drive shaft
Axel and drawbar
*Maintenance – may be combined with repairing / replacing parts
Repair / maintenance of facilities 2.70 In the past 12 months, did you incur any costs for repairing your store facilities? 1 = yes
2 = no (skip to 2.73)
2.71 In the past 12 months, how much did you incur for repairing your store facilities? (material costs)
2.72 (Labor cost)
2.73 In the past 12 months, did you hire someone other than your manager or operators to do the maintenance work
of the store facilities?
1 = yes
2 = no (skip to 2.75)
2.74 In the past 12 months, how much did you pay for that person?
11
D. Capital investment
Currently owned fixed assets (to calculate depreciation costs – different from entry cost question) Items 2.75
Do you own or
rent […] used
at your store
facilities?
1 = own and rent
2 = own but do
not rent
3 = rent but do
not own (skip to
2.82a)
4 = do not use
(skip to the next
asset)
2.76
What brand
is this?
1. Chinese
2. Indian
3. Others
2.77
In
which
year,
did you
buy
[…]?
2.78
Approxi
mately
what
was the
value of
[…] at
the time
of
purchas
e?
(Naira)
2.79
Did
you
receive
subsidy
for
[…]?
How
many
%?
2.80
How
many %
of
finance
for […]
was
from
your
personal
saving,
informal
loans
from
family,
friends?
2.81
How
many
years
will this
[…]
last?
2.82
What
is the
salvage
/ scrap
value
of this
[…] ?
2.82a, b
How much do you pay for renting the […]?
amou
nt
Unit
1 = per
day
2 = per
week
3 = per
month
4 = per
year
Trucks
Loaders to transport tractors or other
agricultural equipment
Cars
Motor bike
Wheel barrow
Washing machines
Air conditioner
Refrigerator
Water heater
Computer / Internet
Computer software
Printer
Phones
Copy machine
Office furniture
Repair shop furniture
Repair shop tools (large)
Ladders
Other fixed capital assets Assets 2.87
Financial
sources
(breakdown %)
2.90
If rent, how much
do you pay for
renting the […]?
12
2.83
Do you own
or rent […]
used for
tractor sales
business?
1 = own
2 = rent (skip
to 2.90)
3 = do not use
(skip to the
next asset)
2.84
In
which
year,
did you
obtain
[…]?
2.85
Approximately
what was the
value of […] at
the time of
purchase?
(Naira)
2.86
Did you
receive
subsidy
for […]?
How
many %?
2.88
How
many
years
will this
last?
2.89
What is
the
salvage /
scrap
value?
amount Unit
1 = per day
2 = per week
3 = per
month
4 = per year
2.91
Approximately
how many %
of this […] is
used for
tractor sales
business?
Building
Land
Warehouse
Parking lot /
other land
improvements
Landscaping
Security
gatehouse
Generator
Water tower
tank
Other major
capital assets
2.92 Why did you invest in this brand of
machine?
1 = price 2 = function 3 = spare parts availability 4 = cost of operation 5 = cost of maintenance /
repair 6 = recommended by others 7 = no other brands available 99 = Other
13
E. Revenues – sales
- Tractor sales for dealers (without actually purchasing the tractors) Last 12 months Peak month
Type of tractors 2.93
Did you sell
[…] through
dealership
in the last 12
months?
1 = yes
2 = no (skip to
next row)
2.94
Approximately
how many […]
did you sell
through
dealership in
the last 12
months ?
2.95
On average, how many percent of
margins did you receive for
selling […] under the dealership?
(percentage)
2.96
During the peak month,
approximately how
many […] did you sell
under the dealership in
the last 12 months ?
2.97
In the peak month,
how many percent of
margins did you
receive for selling […]
through the
dealership?
(percentage)
Four-wheel tractors (new)
Two-wheel tractors (new)
Four-wheel tractors (used)
Two-wheel tractors (used)
- Tractors sales (outside dealership) Type of tractors Last 12 months Peak month
2.98
Outside any
dealership, did
you sell […] in
the last 12
months?
1 = yes
2 = no (skip to
next row)
2.99
Outside any
dealership,
how many […]
did you sell in
the last 12
months?
2.100
On average,
what was the
purchase values
of […] per unit,
including the
credit / loans
you provided
(Naira per unit)?
2.101
On average,
what was the
sales values of
[…] per unit,
including the
credit / loans
you provided
(Naira per
unit)?
2.102
Outside any
dealership,
how many
[…] did you
sell in the last
12 months?
2.103
On average, what was
the purchase values of
[…] per unit, including
the credit / loans you
provided (Naira per
unit)?
2.104
On average, what
was the sales
values of […] per
unit, including the
credit / loans you
provided (Naira
per unit)?
Four-wheel tractors (new)
Two-wheel tractors (new)
Four-wheel tractors (used)
Two-wheel tractors (used)
14
- Sales of other equipment Other equipment 2.105
How many
[…] did you
purchase in
the last 12
months?
(if 0, skip to
2.107)
2.106
What was
the typical
purchase
price of
[…] (Naira
per unit)?
2.107
How many
[…] did you
sell in the last
12 months?
(if 0, skip to
2.109)
2.108
What was
the typical
sales price
of […]
(Naira per
unit)?
2.109
Did you
manufacture
any […] in
the last 12
month?
1 = yes
2 = no (skip to
next 2.105)
2.110
If so,
how
many
[…] did
you
manufac
ture?
2.111
In which
year did
you start
manufact
uring?
(year)
2.112
Why did you
manufacture
[…] instead of
purchasing?
1 = cheaper
2 = better
quality
99 = other
2.112b
Did you sell […] through dealership in the last 12 months?
2.112
c
How many did you sell?
Plough disc
Harrow disc
Rotovator
Cart/trailer
Rice thresher
Milling machine
Combine harvesters
Reapers (small harvesters)
Shelling machine
Planting machine
Fertilizer dispenser
Boom sprayer
Pump for irrigation
Sprayer machine
Other major machines
- Sales and purchases of attachments and spare parts Spare parts 2.113
Approximately
how many […]
did you
purchase in the
last 12 months? (if 0, skip to 2.115)
2.114
What was
the typical
purchase
price of
[…] (Naira
per unit)?
2.115
Approximately
how many […]
did you sell in
the last 12
months? (if 0, skip to
2.117)
2.116
What was
the typical
sales price
of […] ?
(Naira per
unit)?
2.117
Did you
manufacture
any […] in the
last 12 months? 1 = yes
2 = no (skip to
next 2.113)
2.118
If so, how
many […]
did you
manufactu
re?
2.119
In which
year did
you start
manufactur
ing?
(year)
2.120
Why did you
manufacture
[…] instead of
purchasing? 1 = cheaper
2 = better quality
99 = other
Engines
Parts for Fuel supply & carburetion system
Tires
Parts for cooling systems
Parts for electrical ignition system
Parts for transmission system
Parts for hydraulic system
Bearing and beam
Drive shaft
15
Axel and drawbar
Generator
- Revenues from providing repairing / refurbishing services (without actually owning tractors or machineries) Spare parts 2.121
How many repairing services for
[…] for tractors did you provide in
the last 12 months?
(for example, count 2 if the same
person brought two tractors, and
asked for repair services for each
tractor)
2.122
For each time providing repairing service
for […] for tractors how much did you
charge (Naira)?
(if fees were received for the repairing of
multiple parts at the same time, ask how much
the interviewee would have charged if repairing
only one part)
2.123
How many
refurbishing /
upgrading
services for […]
for tractors did
you provide in
the last 12
months?
2.124
For each time
providing
refurbishing /
upgrading
service for […]
for tractors how
much did you
charge (Naira)?
Engines
Parts for Fuel supply & carburetion system
Tires
Parts for cooling systems
Parts for electrical ignition system
Parts for transmission system
Parts for hydraulic system
Bearing and beam
Drive shaft
Axel and drawbar
Generator
- Revenues from providing repairing / refurbishing services of tractor-attachments and other machines (without actually owning them) Spare parts 2.125
How many repairing services for […]
did you provide in the last 12 months?
(for example, count 2 if the same person
brought two tractors, and asked for repair
services for each tractor)
2.126
For each time providing repairing service for […]
how much did you charge (Naira)?
(if fees were received for the repairing of multiple
parts at the same time, ask how much the interviewee
would have charged if repairing only one part)
2.127
How many
refurbishing /
upgrading services
for […] did you
provide in the last
12 months?
2.128
For each time
providing
refurbishing /
upgrading service for
[…] how much did
you charge (Naira)?
Plough disc
Harrow disc
Rotovator
Cart/trailer
Rice thresher
Milling machine
Combine harvesters
Reapers
Shelling machine
Planting machine
Fertilizer dispenser
Boom sprayer
16
Pump for irrigation
Sprayer machine
Other major machines
- Credit provisions Sales through dealership
Type of tractors 2.129
Among […] you sold through
dealership in the last 12 months,
for how many % of them did you
provide credit to the buyer?
2.130
How many % of the credit that you provided
is from each source?
2.131
Typically, what is the
repayment period
for the buyers of
[…]? (Years)
2.132
How many % has been
the default rates for […]
you sold with credit in
the last 5 years?
Own capital Loans from
relatives /
friends
Loans from
banks
Others
Four-wheel tractors (new)
Two-wheel tractors (new)
Four-wheel tractors (used)
Two-wheel tractors (used)
Other major machines
Sales outside dealership
Type of tractors 2.133
Among […] you sold outside
the dealership in the last 12
months, for how many % of
them did you provide credit to
the buyer?
2.134
How many % of the credit you provide is from
each source?
2.135
Typically, what is the
repayment period for
the buyers of […]?
(Years)
2.136
How many % has been
the default rates for […]
you sold with credit in
the last 5 years? Own capital Loans from
relatives /
friends
Loans from
banks
Others
Four-wheel tractors (new)
Two-wheel tractors (new)
Four-wheel tractors (used)
Two-wheel tractors (used)
Other major machines
2.137 What is the main purpose for providing credit for your machine sales, instead of
asking for lump-sum payment?
1 = because it has high return (buyers accept higher price)
2 = it helps increase the overall sales
3= it helps smooth out the income flow 4 = helps with inventory management 5 = reduces storage costs and risk
99 = other
Cost of monitoring / enforcing repayment
17
2.138 How do you make sure the buyers pay you back the loan? 1 = do nothing in particular but trust the buyers
2= call the buyers to remind of payment 3 = hire someone to manage repayment 4 = visit buyer in person
5 = take some collateral
99 = other
2.139 If there is a collection agency that can collect credit payment on your behalf, how many percent of credit would you give them as commission?
- Sales of other large non-agricultural machines List of machines 2.140
Approximately how many […] did
you purchase in the last 12 months?
2.141
Approximately how many […] did
you sell in the last 12 months?
2.142
What was the typical purchase
price of […] (Naira per unit)?
2.143
What was the typical sales price of
[…] (Naira per unit)?
Motorcycles
Cars
Pick-up trucks
Warehouse
tractor (forklift)
Construction
tractor
Generator
Demonstration of the use of machines
2.144 Do you provide demonstration of the tractors to potential buyers? 1 = yes
2 = no
2.145 Do you provide demonstration of other machines to potential buyers? 1 = yes
2 = no
2.146 For tractors, how often do you provide demonstration? 1 = once a month
2 = a few times of year
3 = once a year or less
2.147 For other machines, how often do you provide demonstration? 1 = once a month
2 = a few times of year
3 = once a year or less
2.148 On average, each time, to how many buyers do you demonstrate tractors?
2.149 On average, how far do you travel to demonstrate your tractors? (minutes of travel)
2.150 On average, how far do you travel to demonstrate your machines? (minutes of travel)
Cost of disposing scrap metal
2.151 If you were to scrap a tractor of very old age, how much will it cost? (Naira)
Importing tractors or agricultural machineries from abroad
2.152
In the last 3
years, did
you import
[…] from
2.153
Which
country?
2.154
What is the
typical costs of
shipping […]
from those
2.155
Typically,
how many
days does it
take from
2.156
How did you get to know
these foreign sellers?
1 = they are related to you
2.157
Why not import […]
from foreign countries?
2.158
Are there any
[…] that are
available in
foreign
18
firms or
individuals in
other
countries? 1 = yes
2 = no (skip to
2.157)
countries to
here?
time you
place order
to the time
you receive
[…] from
this country
(in 2.153)? (days)
2 = not related but knew
personally
3 = introduced by the
government
4 = did not know before, and
was contacted by them
5 = did not know before, and
you contacted them
9 = other
1 = No demand in the local
market (skip to next row)
2 = Lack of information
about machineries available
by foreign sellers (skip to
next row)
3 = Lack of connection to
foreign sellers
4 = High cost of shipping
99 = Others
countries but
you cannot
import and
sell, because
of these
reasons?
1 = yes
2 = no
value Currency 1 = naira
2 = dollar
Tractors Other agricultural
machines
Spare parts for
tractors or other
agricultural
machines
19
Use of ICT 2.159 Do you use internet media to buy or sell tractors? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.160 For tractors you buy or sell, how many % do you use the internet media? (% of the value of transactions)
2.161 Do you use internet media to buy or sell other agricultural machines? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.162 For other agricultural machines you buy or sell, how many % of do you use the internet media? (% of the
value of transactions)
2.163 Do you use internet media to buy or sell tractor attachments and spare parts? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.164 For tractor attachments and spare parts you buy or sell, how many % of do you use the internet media? (%
of the value of transactions)
2.165 Do you use internet media to buy or sell spare parts for other agricultural machines? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.166 For spare parts you for other agricultural machines buy or sell, how many % of do you use the internet
media? (% of the value of transactions)
Use of radio 2.167 Do you use radio to buy or sell tractors (including advertisement)? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.168 For tractors you buy or sell, how many % do you use radio? (% of the value of transactions)
2.169 Do you use radio to buy or sell other agricultural machines? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.170 For other agricultural machines you buy or sell, how many % of do you use radio? (% of the value of
transactions)
2.171 Do you use radio to buy or sell tractor attachments and spare parts? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.172 For tractor attachments and spare parts you buy or sell, how many % of do you use radio? (% of the value
of transactions)
2.173 Do you use radio to buy or sell spare parts for other agricultural machines? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.174 For spare parts you for other agricultural machines buy or sell, how many % of do you use radio? (% of
the value of transactions)
Use of TV 2.175 Do you use TV to buy or sell tractors (including advertisement)? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.176 For tractors you buy or sell, how many % do you use TV? (% of the value of transactions)
2.177 Do you use TV to buy or sell other agricultural machines? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.178 For other agricultural machines you buy or sell, how many % of do you use TV? (% of the value of
transactions)
2.179 Do you use TV to buy or sell tractor attachments and spare parts? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.180 For tractor attachments and spare parts you buy or sell, how many % of do you use TV? (% of the value
of transactions)
2.181 Do you use TV to buy or sell spare parts for other agricultural machines? 1 = yes 2 = no
2.182 For spare parts you for other agricultural machines buy or sell, how many % of do you use TV? (% of the
value of transactions)
20
3 Entry into tractor / machinery sales business 3.1 In which year did you start tractor sales business?
3.2 In the first year you started tractor sales business, how many tractors did you sell?
3.3 Why did you choose tractor sales business as your main business, instead of other business? 1 = already familiar with the business
2 = already had large stock of tractors
3 = already had other necessary capital / assets 4 = familiar with agricultural sector 5 = think agricultural sector will grow
more than other sectors
9 = other
Initial investments in assets required for entry (if the fixed assets list above were not present at the time of entry)
List of large capital assets 3.4
When you
started this
business, did
you own […],
or rent ? 1 = own
2 = rent (go to
3.8)
3 = did not use
(go to the next
asset)
3.5
If (1 = own), what
was the source at
that time? 1 = purchased
specifically for this
business
2 = purchased
originally for other
business
3 = inherited from
family members 4 = inherited from
non-family members
3.6
How much did
you pay for
[…] when you
first started
this business?
(Naira)
3.7
What was the
major source of
finance to
purchase […]
when you first
started the
tractor sales
business? 1 = own saving
2 = borrowed
from informal
sector (family,
friends etc)
3 = loan from
formal sector
(banks, etc)
3.8
If (2 = rented),
did you still
have to make
cash deposit or
pay the fee up
front in order
to rent […]?
1 = yes
2 = no (skip to
next row)
3.9
If so, how
much
(Naira)?
3.10
What was the
major source
of deposit for
renting […]
when you first
started the
tractor sales
business? 1 = own
saving
2 = borrowed
from informal
sector (family,
friends etc)
3 = loan from
formal sector
(banks, etc)
Tractors
Other agricultural machines
Spare parts for tractors or
other agricultural machines
Loaders to transport tractors
or other agricultural
equipment
Store building
Land
Warehouse
Truck
Generator
Fence
Security house
21
Cars
Motor bike
Washing equipment
Air conditioner
Computer / Internet
Computer software
Printer
Office furniture
22
Initial working capital requirement (to enter the business)
We would like to know about the working capital you needed to spend before you received the first payments from the tractor / agricultural machinery sales
business. This excludes the investments you needed to make for various assets (above).
(*if everything was incurred on credit, this amount should be zero, and entry barrier was low with respect to the working capital)
3.11
When you started this
business, did you first have
to pay […] before selling
tractors or other
equipment? 1 = yes
2 = no (skip to next row)
3.12
How much did you
have to spend for
[…] when you
started tractor sales
business? (Naira)
3.13
What was the major source of finance to
provide […] when you started tractor
sales business? 1 = own saving
2 = borrowed from informal sector (family,
friends etc)
3 = loan from formal sector (banks, etc)
Cash to buy tractors
Cash to pay workers in advance
Cash to pay in advance for the rental of various assets
Initial knowledge requirements and sources
Type of knowledge 3.14
Was the
knowledge on
[…] critical to
enter and stay in
tractor sales
business?
1 = critical
2 = somewhat
critical
3 = not critical (skip
to the next row)
3.15
(If 1 or 2) Did you
have sufficient
knowledge on […]
before entering
tractor sales
business?
3.16
How did you obtain
knowledge on […]?
1 = self-learning by
observing family members,
friends, neighbors
2 = self-learning through
media (internet, newspaper,
radio, TV)
3 = through external
training program
4 = from sellers
5 = from buyers
99 = others ( )
3.17
How long did it take
to master the levels of
this knowledge
needed in tractor
sales (year)?
(if less than a year, enter
0)
Common crops grown in the region
Other major industries/employers in the region
Business operation laws and regulations
Farmers and farmer organizations (populations)
Current number of tractors available in the market
Other tractor suppliers/retailers/renters
General business management skills
Brands and specifications of tractors that are popular in the area
Typical frequency of machine breakdown and costs of repair / spare parts
How to operate tractors
How to repair / maintain tractors
23
Spare parts suppliers nearby
Repairers nearby
Potential customers in other LGAs
Potential customers in other states
Accounting / book-keeping
Reading skills
Writing
Relations with the sellers / buyers at the entry into business Sellers of tractors at the entry in business
Types of sellers 3.18
Before the entry into tractor
sales business, did you know
of any […] selling tractors to
you?
3.19
How did you know those […] at that time?
1 = they are related to you
2 = not related but knew personally
3 = introduced by the government
4 = did not know before, and was contacted by them
5 = did not know before, and you contacted them
9 = other
Importers
Wholesalers
Other retailers / distributors
Farmers
Other individuals
Buyers of tractors at the entry in business
Types of buyers 3.20
Before the entry into tractor
sales business, did you know
of any […] willing to buy
tractors from you?
3.21
How did you know those […] at that time?
1 = they are related to you
2 = not related but knew personally
3 = introduced by the government
4 = did not know before, and was contacted by them
5 = did not know before, and you contacted them
9 = other
Individual farmers
Other retailers / distributors
Government agencies
NGOs
Cooperatives / farmer organizations
24
4 Other income-earning activities Current incomes
4.1 Do you also own farms from which you earn incomes? 1 = yes 2 = no
4.2 If yes, how many hectares ? Dry season Wet season
4.3 Do you have any other major sources of income other than tractor and agricultural machinery sales? 1 = yes 2 = no
4.4 If (1 = yes), what are they? (select upto 3) (occupation code)
4.5 In 2017, was the tractor sales business the largest source of your income? 1 = yes 2 = no
4.6 In the last 12 months, approximately how many % of your households’ incomes was from tractor sales? 4.7 In the last 12 months, approximately how many % of your households’ incomes was from agricultural equipment sales (including
tractors, attachments, spare parts for agricultural purposes)?
Major occupation before entering the business
4.8 Before starting tractor sales business, were you a mechanic / repairer of machines? 4.9 Was that the largest source of your income before you started tractor sales business? 1 = yes 2 = no 4.10 Before starting tractor sales business, were you a farmer? 4.11 (if “no” for 4.9) Was that the largest source of your income before you started tractor sales business? 1 = yes 2 = no 4.12 Before starting tractor sales business, did you sell other automobiles, such as cars, trucks? 4.13 (if “no” for 4.9 and 4.11) Was that the largest source of your income before you started tractor sales business? 1 = yes 2 = no
4.14 (if “no” for 4.9, 4.11, 4.13) What was the largest source of your income before you started tractor sales business? (occupation code)
25
5 HOUSEHOLD characteristics – key questions that identify the level of wealth / asset
5.1 Age of the respondent
5.2 Gender of the respondent 1 = Male 2= Female
5.3 What is your highest level of education? 1 = No formal education
2 = Primary education
3 = Secondary education
4 = Post-secondary education
99 = Other
5.4 Do you have other family members who had completed primary education? 1 = Yes 2 = No (skip to 5.6)
5.5 Do you have other family members who had completed secondary education? 1 = Yes 2 = No
5.6 Do you have agric engineering background, either through training, education or by trade? 1 = Yes 2 = No
5.7 Do you have other family members with agric engineering background? 1 = Yes 2 = No
5.8 Do you belong to any machinery sellers’ associations? 1 = Yes 2 = No
5.9 Do you know if there are such associations you can join? 1 = Yes 2 = No
5.10 How often do you interact with public agricultural extension agents ? 1. daily 2. Weekly 3. Monthly 4. A few times a year 5. Once a year 6. Never
Key assets
5.11 Does your house have concrete floor? 1 = Yes 2 = No
5.12 Does your household have generators? 1 = Yes 2 = No
5.13 Does your household have fridges? 1 = Yes 2 = No
5.14 Does your household have motorbikes? 1 = Yes 2 = No
5.15 Does your household have cars and other vehicles? 1 = Yes 2 = No
5.16 Do you have the title (certificate of occupancy) to any of the plots you cultivate? 1 = Yes 2 = No
26
Occupation code
Occupation code:
1. Rice farming
2. Farming other than rice
3. Livestock rearing
4. Trading agricultural inputs (fertilizer, chemicals, seeds etc)
5. Trading agricultural machinery, spare parts
6. Petty trading (trading / retailing of non-agricultural goods)
7. Mining
8. Manufacturing
9. Construction
10. Transportation
11. Government employment
12. Other non-farming activities (specify)
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