Smart Grid Innovation: A Look at a Microgrid Testbed€¦ · • Cloud Integration–Enabling data...

Brett Burger, NI

Brett Murphy, RTI

Smart Grid Innovation: A Look at a Microgrid TestbedIndustrial Internet Energy Summit – Houston, TXJune 23, 2015

The Smart Grid

The underlying infrastructure of a smart grid is a network of interconnected, intelligent nodes that will enable:

• Local control of grid components

• More efficient infrastructure utilization

• Increased penetration of new generation and storage technologies

• “Big data” mining for better information

• Future grid changes and innovations

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The Grid is Changing

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What is a Microgrid?

A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously.

- Wikipedia

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Why a microgrid testbed?

•Encompasses many of the energy applications

•Renewable centric (growing source of challenges)

•Machine-to-Machine communication is needed

•Manageable scale

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Testbed Overview:

Communication and Control for Microgrid Applications

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Neighborhood Microgrid

Solar

Field Network

Wind

Local load control

Collaborators

• Leads: RTI, NI, Cisco

• External: CPS Energy (San Antonio), Southern California Edison, Duke Energy / SGIP

Market Segment

• Smart grid, especially integrating solar, wind, storage, and EVs

Goal

• Prove the viability of a real-time, secure databus and distributed control architecture in a real-world power system

Features & Commercial Benefits

• Enable efficient integration of solar, wind, & EVs into the grid

• Create a dynamic, open marketplace for smart grid vendors

• Break the standards blockage holding back the industry

Key Challenges

• Interoperability - Data interoperability for a vibrant competitive market

• Security - Cybersecurity is a founding architectural principle

• Practicality- Incrementally buildable, upgradable, expandable, compatible with legacy installations and protocols

• Distributed Edge Intelligence – Intelligent system control at the edge, driving automation and rapid response

• Cloud Integration– Enabling data sharing between grid and cloud analytics

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The Smart Communication and Control Architecture will address:

Phased Approach for Proving Viability of a Microgrid

• Phase 1 – Proof of Concept at National Instruments Lab

• Phase 2 – Simulated Microgrid at Southern Cal Edison

• Phase 3 – Real-World Microgrid at CPS Energy

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Communication and Control Framework:

Incrementally develop.Test and refine.

Deploy in real-world.

Application Use Cases

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Grid Optimization

•Reduce control requirement from operators•Increase asset utilization

Island

•Function as independent grid

Storm Resiliency

•Maximize storage•Limit non-critical loads•Auto-island with outage

Re-Sync to Grid

•Transition from independent grid to component of main grid

Microgrid of “Things”

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THING

THING

THING

THING

THINGTHING

Connectivity

Processing Capability

Input / Output

THING

Network of interconnected, intelligent nodes.

Connectivity

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Component Purpose

Reliable Messaging Standard, interoperable messaging protocol using TCP or UDP

QoS Quality of service: Data delivery, Timeliness, Fault tolerance, etc

Security Authorization, authentication, encryption, non-repudiation, …

Data Management Local cache of current state of communicated data, local and remote

Discovery Discovery of and connection to remote data readers and writers

Connectivity

Processing Capability

Input / Output

THING

Blueprint for the Industrial Internet

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The Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA)published June 17, 2015

Endpoints

Other ConnectivityTechnologies

Connectivity Standard

Gateway

Other Endpoints

ExternalConnectivity

Gateway

IIRA Data Connectivity Architecture ModelCentral Databus & Gateways

Organize hierarchy

Integrate disparate connectivity technologies

Pick the most suitable open standard now

Pivot to the most suitable standard in the future

DDS: The Connectivity Foundation for IIoTData-Centric Messaging Bus

Data Distribution Service (DDS) is an open industry standard for data-centric connectivity

From OMG, the world’s largest systems software standards organization

• UML, DDS

• Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC)

DDS is Open & Multi-Vendor

• Open Standard & Open Source

• 12 implementations

Interoperability between source written

for different vendors

Interoperability between applications running on different

implementations

DDS-RTPS ProtocolReal-Time Publish-Subscribe

Distribution Fabric

DDS API

It’s All About the Data

Data centricity enables interoperation, scale, integration

Unstructured filesDatabase

Data Centricity Data at Rest

Messaging middleware

DataBus

Data Centricity Data in Motion

Connectivity: DDS

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Component Purpose

Reliable Messaging DDS-RTPS real-time publish-subscribe protocol

QoS 21 QoS governing data flow connections

Security DDS Secure specification allows security per data topic

Data Management System data state is maintained by DDS middleware

Discovery Automatic discovery of and connection to remote data readers and writers

Connectivity

Processing Capability

Input / Output

THING

Processing Capability

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Component Purpose

CPU Core application controller

FPGA Co-processing, timing and synchronization, high-speed protection/control

GPU Co-processing, specialty processing

DSP Co/Signal processing, timing

ASIC Optimize for cost

Connectivity

Processing Capability

Input / Output

THING

Sensing and Control Signals

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Component Purpose

Analog Input Analog sensor input (PT, CT)

Digital Input Relay status communication, digital sensor input

Digital Output Control signals

Connectivity

Processing Capability

Input / Output

THING

Programmable Sensor and Protocol Gateway

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FPGA(with DSP slices)

Dual Core ARM

Input for Voltage Sensors

Input for Current Sensors

Input for Digital Status

2x Ethernet Port

2x RS232

RS 485

Machine to Machine Communication

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Databus

Logic A

THING THING THING THING THING

Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B

Machine to Machine Communication

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Databus

Logic A

THING THING THING THING THING

Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B

Output Signal

Machine to Machine Communication

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Databus

Logic A

THING THING THING THING THING

Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B

Output SignalFrom Logic A

Machine to Machine Communication

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Databus

Logic A

THING THING THING THING THING

Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B

Output SignalFrom Logic A

Based on Measurements X&Y

Phase 1 – Data View

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Databus

DNP3

DDSDDS DDS

Power QualityMeasurements

Power QualityMeasurements

Control Control

Phase 1 – Grid View

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The Microgrid

Grid Tie

Solar & Storage

Loads

What’s Next?

•Quarterly IIC Meeting in Niskayuna, New York• Simple working demo

•NIWeek (August 3rd-6th , Austin, TX)

• Expo floor demo – Free admission to expo floor

•IoT Solutions World Congress – Barcelona, Spain

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Thank You

Brett Burger

National Instruments

brett.burger@ni.com

Brett Murphy

Real Time Innovations

brett@rti.com

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Simplified Architecture

Connect all components with high-performance “field message bus”

Enable facile data sharing between components and (eventually) cloud

Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication

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Load 1

Load 2

Meter/DR

Gen/Storage

DNP-DDS GWDNP Relay

(switch Loads 1 and 2)

Gen Asset Controller

DNP3

Demonstration setup in NI Labs

DD

S Datab

us

Microgrid Vision: Enable Efficient use of Renewables

• Current grid architecture cannot handle dynamic generation (e.g. solar and wind) and loads (EVs). The result is inefficiency and even unreliability.

• Solution: Microgrids control smaller areas including load, generation and storage. They can operate independently from the main grid with proper control.

• Approach: IIC’s unique vendor-led community can rapidly offer field-able solutions.

Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication

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Communication and Control Framework – Phase 2

Phase 2: Microgrid Lab

• Location: Southern Cal Edison (SCE)

• Funding: External

• Timeline: 2015 - 2016

• Goals: • Demonstrate scalability of framework in

simulated microgrid

• Apply intelligent, edge control techniques

• Execute security tests

• Publish test results and architecture overview to IIC

Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication

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NetworkControl

Electronics

Distributed Control

Simple Microgrid Application

Simulated Microgrid /

Simple Equipment

Databus (DDS)

Communication and Control Framework – Phase 3

Phase 3: Field Deployment Tests

• Location: CPS Energy’s Grid-of-the-Future microgrid test area, San Antonio, TX and SCE San Diego, CA

• Funding: External

• Timeline: TBD

• Goals:• Demonstrate practicality of communication

and control framework

• Exercise algorithms and hardware in realistic environment

• Deploy and stress-test security

• Build interoperable products for market

• Publish results externally Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication

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NetworkControl

Electronics

Distributed Control

Microgrid Applications

Field Power Equipment /

MicrogridInfrastructure

Databus (DDS)

Phased Approach for Proving Viability of a Microgrid

• Phase 1 – Proof of Concept at National Instruments Lab

• Phase 2 – Simulated Microgrid at Southern Cal Edison

• Phase 3 – Real-World Microgrid at CPS Energy

Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication

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Communication and Control Framework:

Incrementally develop.Test and refine.

Deploy in real-world.

DDS: Integrated Capabilities

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Transport-Layer Protocol(s)

Reliable Messaging

Discovery

Type System - Evolvable

Real-Time Data Management

Re

al-Time

Qu

ality of Se

rvice

Secu

rity

Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe

Application or AdapterDDS API

DDS-RTPS Wire Protocol

Operating System

Request/Reply

DDS: Integrated Capabilities

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Transport-Layer Protocol(s)

Reliable Messaging

Discovery

Type System - Evolvable

Real-Time Data Management

Request/Reply

Re

al-Time

Qu

ality of Se

rvice

Secu

rity

Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe

Application or Adapter

Operating System

• Provides reliability at messaging and app layers

• No requirement for reliable transport or Internet Protocol

• Supports unicast and multicast• Typical:

• Intra-node: shared memory• LAN: UDP ucast & mcast• WAN: TCP/TLS

• Also supports radio, satellite• Can concurrently communicate

over multiple transports

Relationship to IIC Technologies and Members

Reference Architecture:• The communication and control framework is based on the DDS standard. Plan is to deliver an

architecture implementation that adheres to IIC guidance.

Security Architecture:• The communication architecture will leverage the DDS Security standard and comply with the IIC

guidance. The central databus with protocol gateway will enable threat prevention and detection.

Data Management:• The databus architecture enables data communication and management per IIC guidance.

Other IIC Testbeds• This testbed does not overlap with other approved or proposed IIC testbeds

IIC Member Participation• All IIC members are welcome to participate as they can contribute

Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication

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Machine to Machine Communication

Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication

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Databus

Logic A

THING THING THING THING THING

Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B

Phase 1 Update – Function Diagram

Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication

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Databus

Logic A

THING THING THING THING THING

Measure Control Measure &Logic A

Logic B

Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication

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Single Phase

Publish to DDS

DD

S Datab

us

Subscribe to DDS

ProgrammableIntelligent Electronic Device (IED)

Programmable Controller and Sensor/Protocol Gateway

Phase 1 Update – Device Description

Phase 1 Update – Function Diagram

Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication

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Single Phase

Publish to DDS

DD

S Datab

us

Waveform Measurement

Calculate RMSSimple Limit

Logic

Subscribe to DDS

Switch Control(EM Relay)

Communication and Control Framework – Phase 1

Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication

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NetworkControl

Electronics

Distributed Control

Demonstration

Demo equipment

Databus (DDS)

Phase 1: Proof of Concept

• Location: Lab, NI Campus, Austin

• Funding: Internal

• Timeline: Apr 2015 – Sep 2015

• Goals:• Demonstrate integrated control and data

communication framework with RTI Connext DDS, NI CompactRIO / LabVIEW and Cisco router/gateway

• Ensure basic security and performance

• Publish test results and architecture to IIC

Application Use Cases

Use Case (Mode) What is Does

Grid Optimization •Reduces control requirements from operations•Increases asset utilization (efficiency)

Island •Functions as an independent grid with no connections to main grid

Storm Resiliency •Limits non-critical loads•Maximized storage•Auto-island with grid outage

Re-Sync to Grid •Transitions from independent microgrid back to component of main grid

Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication

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