Sneaky Sneakers By: Blake Smith Jesse Lee Jen Feder

Sneaky Sneakers

By: Blake Smith Jesse Lee Jen Feder

Study Description

We did two different studies with shoes: The first was to test for association

between gender and type of shoe. The second was testing the observed

frequency distribution of sneaker style compared to the expected frequency distribution.

Test for Association

To gather data for these tests we compiled a list of various shoe types: Sneakers/Flip Flops/ Moccasins/

Boots/Clogs/Dress/Other

…and recorded the number of people wearing each type of shoe.

Test for Association

We recorded 30 males and 30 females from each lunch to total 120 males and 120 females.

To make it random we only surveyed every 5th student, so it was systematic.

Test For Association: Work

Sneakers Flip-Flops Moccasins Boots Clogs Dress Other

Male 60 30 4 10 10 1 5

Female

20 61 6 4 9 7 13

State Check

2 Ind. SRS Systematic

All Exp. Counts ≥ 5

No, but we’ll still continue

Test For Association: Work

Ho: There is no association between gender and type of shoe.

Ha: There is an association between gender and type of shoe.

41.64...45.5

45.5)(30

40

40)(60

exp

exp)(obsχ

2222

df = (rows – 1) x (columns – 1) = (2-1) x (7-1) = 6

Test For Association: Work

72 101656.2)64.41( P

•Conclusion:

We reject our Ho because p-value < = 0.05.

We have sufficient evidence that there is an association between gender and type of shoe.

Male Shoe Preference

Sneakers - 50%Flip Flops - 25%Moccasins - 3.33%Boots - 8.33%Clogs - 8.33%Dress - .83%Other - 4.17%

Shoe Preference - Percentages

Female Shoe Preference

Sneakers - 16.67%Flip Flops - 50.8%Moccasins - 5%Boots - 3.3%Clogs - 7.5%Dress - 5.83%Other - 10.83%

Male vs. Female Shoe Preference

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Sneakers Flip-Flop Moccasins Boots Clogs Dress Other

Type of Shoe

MaleFemale

Goodness Of Fit: Test 1

To gather our data we used a systematic sample of every 5th male exiting the cafeteria

We tallied the number of males wearing each brand of sneaker:

Nike / Adidas / New Balance / Asics Etnies / Vans / Other

G.O.F. Test 1

Ho: The observed frequency distribution of sneaker brand preference of males fits the expected distribution

Ha: The observed frequency distribution of sneaker brand preference of males does not fit the expected distribution

The expected distribution was 17.143

G.O.F. Test 1Continued

MALE SNEAKERS

Nike 35

Adidas 24

New Balance 9

Asics 5

Etnies 9

Vans 16

Other 22

State Check

SRS Systematic

All Expected

Counts ≥ 5

17.143

G.O.F. Test 1 Continued

13.39...17.143

17.143)(24

17.143

17.143)(35

exp

exp)(obsχ

2222

72 107496.6)13.39( P

df: 6

G.O.F. Test 1 Continued

Conclusion: We reject our Ho because the p-value is < =.05.

We have sufficient evidence that observed frequency distribution of sneaker brand preference of males does not fit the expected distribution.

Goodness Of Fit: Test 2

To gather our data we used a systematic sample of every 5th female exiting the cafeteria

We tallied the number of females wearing each brand of sneaker:

Nike / Adidas / New Balance / Asics Etnies / Vans / Other

G.O.F. Test 2

Ho: The observed frequency distribution of sneaker brand preference of females fits the expected distribution

Ha: The observed frequency distribution of sneaker brand preference of females does not fit the expected distribution

The expected distribution was 17.143

G.O.F. Test 2Continued

FEMALE SNEAKERS

Nike 19

Adidas 22

New Balance 19

Asics 15

Etnies 18

Vans 10

Other 17

State Check

SRS Systematic

All Expected

Counts ≥ 5

17.143

G.O.F. Test 2 Continued

066.5...17.143

17.143)(22

17.143

17.143)(19

exp

exp)(obsχ

2222

5359.)066.5( 2 P

df: 6

G.O.F. Test 2 Continued

Conclusion: We fail to reject our Ho because our calculated p-value is > = .05.

We have sufficient evidence that the observed frequency distribution of sneaker brand preference among females fits the expected distribution

Male Sneaker Preference

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Nike Adidas NewBalance

Asics Etnies Vans Other

Female Sneaker Preference

0

5

10

15

20

25

Nike Adidas NewBalance

Asics Etnies Vans Other

Male vs. Female Sneaker Preference

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Nike Adidas NewBalance

Asics Etnies Vans Other

Male PreferenceFemale Preference

Personal Conclusions: Association

Our test showed that there was an association between gender and shoe type.

We believe this is because certain shoe types are more socially acceptable for females to wear as opposed to males, and vice-versa.

Personal Conclusions: Goodness of Fit

Goodness of Fit females: The observed frequency distribution

fits the expected Goodness of Fit males:

The observed frequency distribution does not fit the expected

Personal Conclusions: G.O.F.

We feel that males prefer the major name brand sneaks (Nike, Adidas) due to the influence of pop culture

Male athlete endorsements Football Baseball Soccer

Personal Conclusions: G.O.F.

Females tended to be more evenly distributed in their choice of sneaker, therefore fitting the expected distribution

We accredit this to the lack of major female endorsement among sneaker brands

Application

We found that it was simple to collect the data because the students were so concentrated as they exited the cafeteria.

It was difficult to sample every 5th person, but not impossible.

We were not surprised by our results.

Sources of Error

Seasons Involuntary

Human Error Sample Method:

Not technically random

Not everyone goes to lunch

People in more than one lunch

D-Lunch-Early Release

Gym Hallway Gym Classes