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Social Change During the 1920s
Political Change
Robert Borden Conservative Prime Minister who
helped Canada become independent from Britain
Political Change
Arthur Meighen Helped write the Military Service bill
Conscription
Replaced Borden when he resigned
Workers, farmers, immigrants, and Quebecers did not like him much…
Political Change
William Mackenzie King Known as a social reformer who
supported labour groups AND free trade
Believed in workers compensation and E.I.
Prohibition
Between 1915 and 1917, every province except Quebec outlawed the sale and consumption of alcohol
In USA: prohibition from 1920-1933 federally
In Canada: most gave up by mid-1920s
Created wave of crime, laws were hard to enforce
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eh1TuqCYoL4
Prohibition
Samuel Bronfman & Seagram Founded the Canada Pure Drug
Company so that he could import alcohol from Europe for “medicinal purposes” (it was smuggled into USA)
Made millions. Became legitimate company after prohibition and their empire still exists today (sports teams, charity foundations, real estate, etc.)
Flappers/Jazz
G. Marconi Established the first radio
station in Canada (Montreal)
Flappers/Jazz
Jazz was the “hot new music” that defined the Roaring Twenties Created by African-American
musicians in Louisiana
Popular on radio, gramophone recordings, and live bands
Flappers/Jazz
Dance crazes of the new music:Charleston, Black Bottom, Lindy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNAOHtmy4j0
Flappers/Jazz
FlappersFashionable young women who defied old
conventions of proper “feminine” behavior
Danced at nightclubs
Wore beaded dresses that went only to the knee!
Cut hair in to “boyish” bobs
Smoked in public, drank alcohol AND drove their own cars
Immigration
Immigration Act of 1919oPreferred list of nationalities
= white English-speaking Britons/Americans
= northern Europeans
oBottom of the list= Asians, Blacks, Gypsies, Jews
Immigration
Railway Agreement in 1925oAllowed railway companies to recruit workers
from many undesirable countriesoChinese and Black Americans were NOT
allowedoVery few Japanese were allowed, 150 per year
Residential Schools
Wanted Native peoples assimilated in to white culture
Outlawed Native language, culture, and traditions like the potlatch
Underfunded schools ran by church leaders
Known for poor conditions (diet, sanitation, healthcare)
Many children physically and sexually abused
Residential Schools
Long-lasting generational effects: Alcoholism
Molesting of own family members
Breakdown of the family
Loss of language & culture
Women & The Vote
Emily Murphy, Louise McKinney & the “Famous Five”Took the “Persons Case” all the
way to the Supreme Court and the British Privy Council in London to allow women to hold positions in an appointed office (public) example: to be a senator
Mass Consumption
= a shopping, consumer society
Mass Media:Advertisements,
catalogues, radio, billboards, magazines
Mass Consumption
Eaton’sWas a catalogue company
like Sears is todayCould buy time-saving
items like washing machines and toasters
Mass Consumption
AutomobilesMore people owned
vehicles and demanded better roadways
Tourism increased greatlyProvided jobs
Mass Consumption
RadioSeen as American cultural
invasion, but many Canadians liked the music, comedy, soap operas, and preaching
Group of Seven/Emily Carr
Well known artists for their style of Canadian Identity and landscapes
Tom ThomsonA commercial artist who had a group of friends whose new styles of painting the Canadian landscape inspired other artists like Emily Carr
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