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SOLVENT EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY TRANSFORMS BASE-METAL HYDROMETALLURGY
Peter ColeMintek 75 Conference – 4-5 June 2009
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Acknowledgements
§ K.C Sole (2008) Solvent extraction in the hydrometallurgical processing and purification of metals. In Solvent Extraction and Liquid Membranes, eds. Aguilar and Cortina, 141-200. Florida: CRC Press.
§ K.C.Sole and P.M.Cole (2001) Purification of nickel by solvent extraction. In Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction, vol. 15, eds. Marcus and SenGupta, 143-195. New York: Marcel Dekker
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Presentation Content
§ Copper processing using Leach/SW/EW technology.
§ Selective Cobalt recovery over nickel.
§ Processing of Nickel laterites.
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SX Applications - Historical
1950s SX first commercialized for uranium, South Africa
1968 First Cu SX plant – Bluebird, Arizona
1973 First large-scale Cu SX plant - Nchanga, Zambia
1974 First Co/Ni SX plant – RBMR, South Africa
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Projects Copper Heap Leach - Morenci
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0.35% Cu grade of oxide ore
23000 m3/h PLS
Treated in 4 SX trains
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Cu/Co Agitation Leach – Ruashi, DRC
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Leach: Oxide Ore:3.5% Cu, 0.8% Co
5 stage CCD
Fe/Mn Removal
Co(OH)2 ppt’n
Projects Split Circuit Cu SX – Ruashi, DRC
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Low Grade SX Circuit5-6 g/L Cu; 300 m3/h
High Grade SX Circuit10 g/L Cu; 500 m3/h
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Outotec VSF SX Technology
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Dispersed Overflow Pumping Unit Spirok Helical Mixing Agitators
• Escondida Sulfide, Chile (2004); 2 by 5000 m3/h SX trains, 180000 tpa Cu• Sepon Copper, Laos (2004); 65000 tpa Cu• Milpillas, Mexico (2004); 65000 tpa Cu• Radomiro Tomic D Train, Chile (2000); expansion to 260000 tpa Cu
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Copper SX – Milpillas, Mexico
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500 m3/h SX train; Reverse-flow Mixer Settlers; 65000 tpa Cu
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Separation of Cobalt and Nickel in Sulfate
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Co2+
H2O
H2O H2O
H2OH2O
H2O
Ni2+
H2O
H2O H2O
H2OH2O
H2O
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Organophosphorus Reagents
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RO
P
O
RO OH
RO O R O
P P
OH OHRR
Phosphoric phosphonic phosphinic
D2EHPA Ionquest801PC-88AP507
CYANEX 272Ionquest 290LIX 272
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Cobalt and Nickel Separation
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Co:Ni
D2EHPA RBMR, South Africa 10
PC-88A Nippon Mining, Japan 300
P507 Jinguan Nickel, China 300
CYANEX 272 40% of world Co 7000
ProjectsGoro –Ni&Co SX with CYANEX 301
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Extra
ctio
n (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100 ZnCu
Co
NiFe(lll)
Mn
Mg, Ca
5
Equilibrium pH0 1 2 3 4
R"
R" SH
P
S
Extra
ctio
n (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100 ZnCu
Co
NiFe(lll)
Mn
Mg, Ca
5
Equilibrium pH0 1 2 3 4
R"
R" SH
P
S
ProjectsCo & Ni Separation in Chloride
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Cu
0
20
40
60
80
100
Extra
ctio
n (%
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 Aqueous chloride concentration (M)
ZnFe(III)
Co Mn Fe
Ni
Cu
0
20
40
60
80
100
Extra
ctio
n (%
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 Aqueous chloride concentration (M)
ZnFe(III)
Co Mn Fe
Ni
Tertiary Amines (Alamine 308) -anionic extractant will extract CoCl42-
and not the neutral complex NiCl2
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Ni SX – Cawse and QNI
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Zn
Cu
Ni
0
20
40
Extra
ctio
n (%
)
60
80
100
Total ammonia (g/L)0 20 40 8060 120100 140
C9H19
OH NOH
CH3
LIX 84-I
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