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Hazardous Substances Data Bank,
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
http://tonet.nl!.nih."o#/
Do$nloaded Septe!ber, %&&'
SODIUM PHENOLATE
()S*N: +-&%For other data, click on the Table of Contents
Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerts:
... L0()L 1221(3S ()N B1 S3*0N4L5 M6364)31D B5 7*1S1N(1 02 )N581H6(L1 963H )226N635 20* 7H1N0L. ... S0M136M1S 3H1*1 6S 0NL5 M6LD
7)6N 0* D6S(0M20*3 B1()S1 7H1N0L D1M51L6N)31S 0* 03H1*96S1D1S3*05S M)N5 3571S 02 N1*81 26B1*S. /7H1N0L/
;4osselin, *.1., *.7. S!ith, H.(. Hod"e. (linical 3oicolo"y of (o!!ercial 7roducts.
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0ral in"estion can result in !ucocutaneous and "astrointestinal corrosion. Both oral
in"estion and etensi#e application to the skin can cause syste!ic toicity !anifested by
transient (NS sti!ulation follo$ed by (NS and cardio#ascular depression death !ayresult. /7henol/
;4il!an, ).4., L.S.4ood!an, and ). 4il!an. Ceds.. 4ood!an and 4il!anEs 3he
7har!acolo"ical Basis of 3herapeutics. @th ed. Ne$ 5ork: Mac!illan 7ublishin" (o.,6nc., +-=??711* *186191D??
) +- yr old fe!ale in"ested +< !l of phenol and co!plained of se#ere nausea, burnin" inthe throat, and epi"astriu!. Laryn"oscopic ea!ination re#ealed superficial burns and
sli"ht ede!a of the hypopharyn. Despite "astric la#a"e $ith oli#e oil and intra#enous
saline ad!inistration, she continued to be nauseated. 0ne hr later she be"an to #o!it
blood and to ha#e diarrhea, passin" copious a!ounts of blood $ith clots. She "raduallybeca!e cyanotic and stuporous. Her blood pressure decreased !arkedly and her
etre!ities beca!e cold. She eperienced periods of relapse and reco#ery durin"
treat!ent but died +@.< hr after in"estion. /7henol/
;Bennett 6L )nn 6ntern Med %: %'@ C+-??711* *186191D??
)n e!ployee accidentally spilled '< liters of @=F aAueous phenol on hi!self. 2ollo$in"i!!ediate irri"ation $ith alcohol, he ehibited superficial skin burns, beca!e co!atose
and died shortly thereafter. /7henol/
;Du#erneuil 4, *a#ier 1 )rch Mal 7rof %: =& C+-% as cited in N60SH (riteriaDocu!ent: 7henol p.'+ C+-@ DH19 7ub N60SH @+->??711* *186191D??
2atal neonatal hyperbilirubine!ia fro! inhalation of phenolic #apors has occurred in
poorly #entilated nurseries in $hich phenol $as used to disinfect !attresses andbassinets. /7henolic #apors/
;4il!an, ).4., L.S.4ood!an, and ). 4il!an. Ceds.. 4ood!an and 4il!anEs 3he
7har!acolo"ical Basis of 3herapeutics. @th ed. Ne$ 5ork: Mac!illan 7ublishin" (o.,6nc., +-=??711* *186191D??
(H*0N6( 706S0N6N4 963H *1N)L G H17)36( D)M)41 M)5 0((* 2*0M6NDS3 (0N3)(3. /7H1N0L/
;3he Merck 6nde. +&th ed. *ah$ay, Ne$ ersey: Merck (o., 6nc., +-=. +&'>??711*
*186191D??
6N41S360N 02 + 4 H)S B11N L13H)L 30 M)N. /7H1N0L/
;6nternational Labour 0ffice. 1ncyclopedia of 0ccupational Health and Safety. 8ols.
6G66. 4ene#a, S$itzerland: 6nternational Labour 0ffice, +-=. +@+>??711**186191D??
+' !"/k" resulted in "astrointestinal effects, and in"estion of +'& !"/k" caused death.;(leland, .4., 4.L. Iin"sbury. Multi!edia 1n#iron!ental 4oals for 1n#iron!ental
)ssess!ent. 8olu!e +. 17)&&/@@@+a. *esearch 3rian"le 7ark, N(: 17), No#.
+-@@.,p. 1+=%>??711* *186191D??
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May be fatal if absorbed throu"h the skin or inhaled. /7henol/
;2ire 7rotection 4uide to Hazardous Materials. +% ed. Juincy, M): National 2ire
7rotection )ssociation, +--@. ,p. '-+&>??J( *186191D??
S181*1 G 2)3)L 7H1N0L 706S0N6N4S H)81 0((**1D )231* S(H
S71*26(6)L 1K70S*1 )S 30 S441S3 H571*S1NS6368635 0*6D60S5N(*)S5. /7H1N0L/
;4osselin, *.1., *.7. S!ith, H.(. Hod"e. (linical 3oicolo"y of (o!!ercial 7roducts.
??711* *186191D??
7henol is toic if absorbed and !ay result in death e#en if the eposed area is as s!all as
that of a hand or forear!. /7henol/;Iirk0th!er 1ncyclopedia of (he!ical 3echnolo"y. rd ed., 8olu!es +%. Ne$ 5ork,
N5: ohn 9iley and Sons, +-@=+-='.,p. +@C=% =+>??711* *186191D??
S!in" Eye an# $esiratory Irritations:
S3*0N4 6**63)N3 30 SI6N G 36SS1.
;Sa, N.6. and *.. Le$is, Sr. Ceds.. Ha$leyEs (ondensed (he!ical Dictionary. ++th ed.
Ne$ 5ork: 8an Nostrand *einhold (o., +-=@. +&->??711* *186191D??
Dru% &arnin%s:
813: 31(HN6()L 4*)D1 SODIUM PHENOLATE S0L360NS H)D
D6S6N21(3)N3 7*071*361S )4)6NS3 2003)NDM03HD6S1)S1 86*SH09181*, ??711*
*186191D??
Me#ical Sur'eillance:
... 3here is so!e su""esti#e e#idence that a biolo"ic !onitorin" !ethod !ay be useful
for detectin" an ecessi#e internal dose on an indi#idual ... and/or on a "roup basis /forphenol/. 3entati#e !a #alue in urine %& !"/" creatinine, per!issible #alue && !"/"
creatinine. /2ro! table/
;Doull, ., (.D.Ilassen, and M.D. )!dur Ceds.. (asarett and DoullEs 3oicolo"y. rd ed.,
Ne$ 5ork: Mac!illan (o., 6nc., +-=. -+>??711* *186191D??
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7hysical ea!inations of eposed personnel annually, includin" studies of li#er and
kidney function. /7rotect/ those indi#iduals $ith diseases of central ner#ous syste!, li#er,kidney, and lun". /7henol/
;6366. 3oic and Hazarous 6ndustrial (he!icals Safety Manual. 3okyo, apan: 3he
6nternational 3echnical 6nfor!ation 6nstitute, +-=%. '&>??711* *186191D??
Poulations at Secial $is!:
3hose affected $ith hepatic or kidney diseases should not be eposed to phenol for any
len"th of ti!e, because e#en inter!ittent eposure to #apors ... !ay beco!e dan"erous,
particularly $hen ... handled at ele#ated te!p. /7henol/;(layton, 4. D. and 2. 1. (layton Ceds.. 7attyEs 6ndustrial Hy"iene and 3oicolo"y:
8olu!e %), %B, %(: 3oicolo"y. rd ed. Ne$ 5ork: ohn 9iley Sons, +-=++-=%.
%??711* *186191D??
Minimum (atal Dose Le'el:
6n"estion of as little as '.= " of pure phenol caused death in +& !in. /7henol/
;N60SH (riteria Docu!ent: 7henol p.< C+-@ DH19 7ub N60SH @+->??711**186191D??
Emer%ency Me#ical Treatment:
EMT )oyri%ht Disclaimer:
7ortions of the 706S6ND1KC* and M1D631K3C* database ha#e been pro#ided herefor "eneral reference. 3H1 (0M7L131 706S6ND1KC* D)3)B)S1 0*
M1D631K3C* D)3)B)S1 SH0LD B1 (0NSL31D 20* )SS6S3)N(1 6N 3H1
D6)4N0S6S 0* 3*1)3M1N3 02 S71(626( ()S1S. 3he use of the 706S6ND1KC*and M1D631K3C* databases is at your sole risk. 3he 706S6ND1KC* and
M1D631K3C* databases are pro#ided )S 6S and as a#ailable for use, $ithout
$arranties of any kind, either epressed or i!plied. Micro!ede !akes no representation
or $arranty as to the accuracy, reliability, ti!eliness, usefulness or co!pleteness of anyof the infor!ation contained in the 706S6ND1KC* and M1D631K3C* databases. )LL
6M7L61D 9)**)N361S 02 M1*(H)N3)B6L635 )ND 263N1SS 20* )
7)*36(L)* 7*70S1 0* S1 )*1 H1*1B5 1K(LD1D. Micro!ede does notassu!e any responsibility or risk for your use of the 706S6ND1KC* or M1D631K3C*
databases. (opyri"ht +-@'%&&' 3ho!son M6(*0M1D1K. )ll *i"hts *eser#ed. )ny
duplication, replication, do$nloadin", sale, redistribution or other use for co!!ercialpurposes is a #iolation of Micro!edeE ri"hts and is strictly prohibited.
3he follo$in" 0#er#ie$, ??? 7H1N0L )ND *1L)31D )41N3S ???, is rele#ant for
this HSDB record che!ical.
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Life Suort:
o 3his o#er#ie$ assu!es that basic life support !easures ha#e been instituted.
)linical Effects:
&.%.+ SMM)*5 02 1K70S*1
&.%.+.+ )(31 1K70S*1
) (oncentrated phenol is etre!ely corrosi#e and !ay cause oral, esopha"eal, and "astric burns follo$in"
in"estion. 0cular or der!al contact !ay result in
se#ere burns skin absorption can cause syste!ic, e#en
lethal sy!pto!s. 7arenterally ad!inistered phenol caused respiratory distress, cardio#ascular collapse,
shock, #entricular tachycardia, and co!a in one adult.
B Syste!ic !anifestations of toicity !ay include nausea,
#o!itin", diarrhea, dyspnea, !ethe!o"lobine!ia, he!olytic ane!ia, pallor, profuse s$eatin",
hypotension, dysrhyth!ias, pul!onary ede!a, tachypnea, a"itation, lethar"y, seizures, and co!a. Li#er, lun",
central ner#ous syste! and renal inOury !ay also occur.
( 7henol Ccarbolic acid toicity occurs !ost freAuently follo$in" acute in"estion or chronic der!al
application ho$e#er, syste!ic toicity can also result
fro! inhalation of #apor. 6n"estion of as little as +
"ra! !ay cause death. D Si"ns and sy!pto!s of chronic inhalation eposure !ay
include headache, cou"h, $eakness, fati"ue, anoreia,
nausea, #o!itin", inso!nia, ner#ousness, $ei"ht loss, paresthesia, ochronosis, and albu!inuria.
&.%.+.% (H*0N6( 1K70S*1
) (hronic eposures ha#e been reported to cause death fro! li#er and kidney inOuries. 6t !ay also affect the
pancreas and heart !uscle.
B 0ther si"ns and sy!pto!s of chronic eposures include:
headache, #erti"o, faintin", cou"h, fati"ue, !uscle aches and pain, lack of appetite, difficulty
s$allo$in", ecess sali#ation, diarrhea, nausea,
#o!itin", inso!nia, ner#ousness, $ei"ht loss, pallor, partial paralysis, ochronosis, albu!inuria, and dark
urine.
( 7henol is not considered a serious respiratory hazard in the $orkplace because of its lo$ #olatility.
D Skin the pri!ary route of entry Cfor #apor, liAuid, and
solid for!s of phenol. Skin absorption can occur e#en
at lo$ #apor concentration and $ithout si"nificant
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disco!fort. 7rolon"ed contact $ith the skin !ay cause
der!atitis.
&.%. 863)L S64NS &.%..+ )(31 1K70S*1
) Hypotension, hypother!ia, tachypnea, and tachycardia
!ay de#elop $ith se#ere toicity. &.%.' H11N3
&.%.'.+ )(31 1K70S*1
) Direct contact irritates eyes, nose and throat. 6n"estion of a solution "reater than < percent !ay
result in oral burns. 3he affected area "enerally turns
$hite and is $ithout pain but !ay beco!e necrotic
se#eral days later. 1ye eposure !ay result in se#ere burns. 7artial or co!plete loss of #ision !ay occur.
&.%.< ()*D608)S(L)*
&.%.
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&.%.-.+ )(31 1K70S*1
) 1posure !ay result in hepatic inOury, $hich !ay result
in death. &.%.-.% (H*0N6( 1K70S*1
) (hronic eposures ha#e been reported to cause death
fro! li#er da!a"e. &.%.+& 41N630*6N)*5
&.%.+&.+ )(31 1K70S*1
) *enal toicity associated $ith oli"uria or anuria !ay occur. 1posure has resulted in acute tubular necrosis.
&.%.++ )(6DB)S1
&.%.++.+ )(31 1K70S*1
) Metabolic acidosis !ay occur follo$in" in"estion. &.%.+ H1M)30L046(
&.%.+.+ )(31 1K70S*1
) Methe!o"lobine!ia !ay occur follo$in" eposure to so!e
phenols, !ost notably dinitrophenol or hydroAuinone. Deep #enous thro!bosis has been reported follo$in"
inOection of phenol. Decreased red blood cell counts and ane!ia ha#e been reported in !ice.
&.%.+' D1*M)30L046(
&.%.+'.+ )(31 1K70S*1 ) 7henol is corrosi#e to the skin, but because of
anesthetic Aualities, it $ill nu!b rather than causin"
a burnin" pain on contact. Skin beco!es red and
s$ollen, then $hite and opaAue. Deep burns result that !ay beco!e "an"renous.
B 7oisonin" is usually throu"h skin absorption lethal
Auantities can be absorbed. ( Der!al contact $ith phenolic co!pounds !ay result in
irritation, der!atitis, abnor!al pi"!entation, and
burns. Der!atitis and depi"!entation appear to be the !ost co!!on ad#erse effects. Diaphoresis !ay de#elop
$ith syste!ic toicity.
&.%.+'.% (H*0N6( 1K70S*1
) Der!atitis and leukoder!a resultin" fro! $orkplace contact $ith phenol or phenol containin" products has
been reported.
&.%.+< MS(L0SI1L13)L &.%.+
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sho$n to be "oitro"enic and to ha#e antithyroid
acti#ity.
&.%.+- 6MMN0L046( &.%.+-.+ )(31 1K70S*1
) 7henol has been sho$n to be potentially i!!unotoic in
eperi!ental ani!al studies. &.%.%& *17*0D(3681 H))*DS
) 2etotoicity and skeletal abnor!alities ha#e been
reported in ani!al eperi!ents. &.%.%+ ()*(6N041N6(635
&.%.%+.+ 6)*( ()3140*5
) 6)*( (arcino"enicity *atin"s for ()S+&=-
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syndro!e.
La*oratory:
) 0btain (B(, electrolytes, urinalysis, and baseline renal
and li#er !easure!ents. Monitor acidbase balance
closely.Treatment O'er'ie+:
&.'.% 0*)L 1K70S*1 ) D6L360N May enhance absorption of phenol, and should
be a#oided.
B 1M1S6S: 6pecacinduced e!esis is not reco!!ended because
of the potential for (NS depression and seizures. ( )(368)31D (H)*(0)L May li!it syste!ic toicity if
ad!inistered soon after in"estion, but !ay interfere
$ith endoscopic e#aluation of "astrointestinal burns.
D )(368)31D (H)*(0)L: )d!inister charcoal as a slurry C%'& !L $ater/& " charcoal. sual dose: %< to +&& " in
adults/adolescents, %< to
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oy"en. 1#aluate for hypoia, acidosis, and electrolyte
disorders. Lidocaine and a!iodarone are "enerally first
line a"ents for stable !ono!orphic #entricular tachycardia, particularly in patients $ith underlyin"
i!paired cardiac function. Sotalol is an alternati#e.
)!iodarone and sotalol should be used $ith caution if a substance that prolon"s the J3 inter#al and/or causes
torsades de pointes is in#ol#ed in the o#erdose.
nstable rhyth!s reAuire cardio#ersion. 6 M13H1M04L0B6N1M6): )d!inister + to % !"/k" of +F
!ethylene blue slo$ly 68 in sy!pto!atic patients.
)dditional doses !ay be reAuired.
H57031NS60N: 6nfuse +& to %& !L/k" isotonic fluid. 6f hypotension persists, ad!inister dopa!ine C< to %&
!c"/k"/!in or norepinephrine C)DL3: be"in infusion at
&.< to + !c"/!in (H6LD: be"in infusion at &.+
!c"/k"/!in titrate to desired response. &.'. 6NH)L)360N 1K70S*1
) 6NH)L)360N: Mo#e patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. 6f cou"h or difficulty breathin"
de#elops, e#aluate for respiratory tract irritation,
bronchitis, or pneu!onitis. )d!inister oy"en and assist #entilation as reAuired. 3reat bronchospas! $ith inhaled
beta% a"onist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids.
B )(31 LN4 6N*5: Maintain #entilation and oy"enation
and e#aluate $ith freAuent arterial blood "as or pulse oi!etry !onitorin". 1arly use of 7117 and !echanical
#entilation !ay be needed.
&.'.' 151 1K70S*1 ) D1(0N3)M6N)360N: 6rri"ate eposed eyes $ith copious
a!ounts of roo! te!perature $ater for at least +??711**186191D??
En'ironmental (ate / Exosure:
En'ironmental Stan#ar#s / $e%ulations:
(DA $e1uirements:
Bottled $ater shall, $hen a co!posite of analytical units of eAual #olu!e fro! a sa!ple
is ea!ined by the !ethods described in para"raph CdC+Cii of this section, !eet the
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standards of che!ical Auality and shall not contain phenol in ecess of &.&&+ !"/l.
/7henol/
;%+ (2* +&.< C'/+/=>??711* *186191D??
7henol is an indirect food additi#e for use only as a co!ponent of adhesi#es. /7henol/
;%+ (2* +@
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;3he Merck 6nde. +&th ed. *ah$ay, Ne$ ersey: Merck (o., 6nc., +-=. +%->??711*
*186191D??
Solu*ilities:
81*5 S0L 6N 9)31* S0L 6N )L(0H0L
;3he Merck 6nde. +&th ed. *ah$ay, Ne$ ersey: Merck (o., 6nc., +-=. +%->??711*
*186191D??
S0L 6N )(130N1
;9east, *.(. Ced. Handbook of (he!istry and 7hysics, =th ed. Boca *aton, 2lorida:
(*( 7ress 6nc., +-=@+-==.,p. B+%>??711* *186191D??
Other )hemical.Physical Proerties:
D1L6J1S(1N3
;3he Merck 6nde. +&th ed. *ah$ay, Ne$ ersey: Merck (o., 6nc., +-=. +%->??711**186191D??
)hemical Safety / Han#lin%:
DOT Emer%ency 2ui#elines:
Health: 30K6( inhalation, in"estion, or skin contact $ith !aterial !ay cause se#ere
inOury or death. (ontact $ith !olten substance !ay cause se#ere burns to skin and eyes.)#oid any skin contact. 1ffects of contact or inhalation !ay be delayed. 2ire !ay
produce irritatin", corrosi#e and/or toic "ases. *unoff fro! fire control or dilution $ater
!ay be corrosi#e and/or toic and cause pollution. /So#ium henolate" solid/;.S. Depart!ent of 3ransportation. %&&& 1!er"ency *esponse 4uidebook. *S7) 7
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7ublic safety: ()LL 1!er"ency *esponse 3elephone Nu!ber. ... 6solate spill or leak
area i!!ediately for at least %< to
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2irst aid: Mo#e #icti! to fresh air. (all -++ or e!er"ency !edical ser#ice. )pply
artificial respiration if #icti! is not breathin". Do not use !outhto!outh !ethod if
#icti! in"ested or inhaled the substance induce artificial respiration $ith the aid of apocket !ask eAuipped $ith a one$ay #al#e or other proper respiratory !edical de#ice.
)d!inister oy"en if breathin" is difficult. *e!o#e and isolate conta!inated clothin"
and shoes. 6n case of contact $ith substance, i!!ediately flush skin or eyes $ith runnin"$ater for at least %& !inutes. 2or !inor skin contact, a#oid spreadin" !aterial on
unaffected skin. Ieep #icti! $ar! and Auiet. 1ffects of eposure Cinhalation, in"estion
or skin contact to substance !ay be delayed. 1nsure that !edical personnel are a$are ofthe !aterialCs in#ol#ed, and take precautions to protect the!sel#es. /So#ium henolate"solid/
;.S. Depart!ent of 3ransportation. %&&& 1!er"ency *esponse 4uidebook. *S7) 7
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)leanu Metho#s:
(ontrol runoff and idolate dischar"ed !aterial for proper disposal. )pproach release fro!
up$ind. /7henol/
;2ire 7rotection 4uide to Hazardous Materials. +% ed. Juincy, M): National 2ire7rotection )ssociation, +--@. ,p. '-+&>??J( *186191D??
Disosal Metho#s:
S*7: )t the ti!e of re#ie$, criteria for land treat!ent or burial Csanitary landfill disposal
practices are subOect to si"nificant re#ision. 7rior to i!ple!entin" land disposal of $asteresidue Cincludin" $aste slud"e, consult $ith en#iron!ental re"ulatory a"encies for
"uidance on acceptable disposal practices.
??711* *186191D??
) "ood candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a te!perature ran"e of =%& to +,&& de"
( and residence ti!es of seconds for liAuids and "ases, and hours for solids. ) "oodcandidate for fluidized bed incineration at a te!perature ran"e of '
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;S*6. +-=- Directory of (he!ical 7roducers nited States of )!erica. Menlo 7ark, ():
S*6 6nternational, +-=-.. -??J( *186191D??
National Steel (orporation, HA, %& Stan$i St, 7ittsbur"h, 7) +??711**186191D??
La*oratory Metho#s:
)linical La*oratory Metho#s:
/S*7: 7henolates on acid hydrolysis $ill produce free phenol, $hich can then be
etracted and Auantitated by standard !ethods for that c!pd./ )nalyte: 7henol Matri:urine 7rocedure: 4as chro!ato"raphy, fla!e ionization detector 3reat!ent: acid
hydrolysis, etraction *an"e: %&& u" phenol/!l urine, %
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-'F R +< u" phenol/!l urine, -
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solid $aste !atrices, soils, and "round $ater. 3he practical Auantitation li!it for
deter!inin" an indi#idual co!pound is approi!ately + !"/k" C$et $ei"ht for
soil/sedi!ent sa!ples, +%&& !"/k" for $astes, and +& u"/l for "round $ater. 3his!ethod is applicable to Auantify !ost neutral, acidic, and basic or"anic co!pounds that
are soluble in !ethylene chloride, includin" the title co!pound, and are capable of bein"
eluted $ithout deri#atization as sharp peaks fro! a "as chro!ato"raphicfused silicacapillary colu!n coated $ith a sli"htly polar silicone C&! by &.%??711* *186191D??
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Samlin% Proce#ures:
17) Method =&'&: 7henols. 2or the detection of phenolic co!pounds, a representati#e
sa!ple Csolid or liAuid is collected in a "lass container eAuipped $ith a 3eflonlined cap.(are is taken to a#oid sa!ple contact $ith any plastic. ...
;S17) 3est Methods for 1#aluatin" Solid 9aste S9=' C+-=>??711*
*186191D??
Secial $eferences:
Secial $eorts:
N60SH (riteria Docu!ent: 7henol p.< C+-@ DH19 7ub N60SH @+-
S17) )!bient 9ater Juality (riteria Doc: 7henol p.(++- C+-=& 17) ''&/
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Shiin% Name. Num*er DOT.UN.NA.IMO:
N %'-@ So#ium henolate" solid
6M0 =. So#ium henolate" solid
A#ministrati'e Information:
Ha3ar#ous Su*stances Data*an! Num*er:
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