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Some Maddening Facts About Aggression
Lincoln Garfield McKinley Kennedy
Some Maddening Facts About Aggression
Jackson T. Roosevelt F. Roosevelt
Truman Ford Reagan
Eye For An Eye: New Application For An Old Rule?
African Embassies Afghan Camps WTC
08-07-98 08-20-98 09-11-01
?
Eye For An Eye: New Application For An Old Rule?
Khadafi Lockerbie
1986 1988
Eye For An Eye: New Application For An Old Rule?
?
Domestic Violence
How often does it occur ?
Nuclear War
How many times must you be able to destroy all life on Earth?
The Most Destructive War
World War II-55 or 130 Million Deaths
Nanking Stalingrad Normandy
Somme Offensive 1916
British and French Gain 12 Kilometers
Casualties: British (420,000), French (200,000), Germans (500,000)
The Cost of War
Iraqi Tank Predator UAV Stinger Missile
Holocaust
• Six million Jews (67% of Europe’s population) were exterminated
• Others: Roma, mentally retarded, mentally disturbed, 3 million Soviet POWs, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Communists, Socialists
Demise of Native Americans
From Roanoke to Wounded Knee
History’s Greatest Murderer
Mao Zedong
Media And Violence: High School Students
Columbine Shootings
Media And Violence: Terrorism
Who Benefits From These Images ?
The Cost Of Virulent Political Rhetoric
Congresswoman Giffords
Guns
Canada US US/Can
Murders* 2.0 7.6 3.8 x
Murders with Firearms* 0.6 5.2 8.7 x
Murders with Handguns* 0.3 4.6 15.0 x
Murders without Firearms* 1.4 2.4 1.7 x
* Per 100,000 Population
US Soft On Crime ?
US 700
Russia 635
Belize 460
South Africa 405
Mexico 145
UK 125
Prisoners (Per 100000) Population
Egypt 120
Canada 110
Australia 110
France 75
Japan 45
India 40
Equal Justice For All: Who Goes To Prison ?
• Justice Department reports that one in eight black men in their 20s or early 30s were behind bars last year, compared with 1 in 63 white men.
• 72-87% of those in prison are functionally illiterate. As the saying goes "If you think Education is expensive, Try ignorance"......
• In 1980, about 40,000 Americans were locked up for drugs-only offenses. Now the number is 450,000, three-fourths of them black or Latino, though drug use is no higher in those groups than among whites.
Terrorism
The response of the weak
The Likelihood of Death Per Year in the US (Averaged Over the Last Decade)
Pneumonia 1 in 4,500
Suicide 1 in 9,200
Murder 1 in 14,000
Automobile Accident 1 in 6,500
Domestic Terrorism 1 in 800,000
My Dog
Fozzie Is Hung Up On Paper
Salem Witch Trials
Young Girls And Hostility To Newcomers
Holocaust
Hitler And German Poverty After World War I
Recent News Or Just
Mental Imbalance And A Hostile Political Environment
A Replay Of An Old Story
Gabby Giffords
Almost All Behavior Is Due To An Interaction
Between The Individual And Social Environment
Freud
He Who Is At So Many Beginnings
Three Influences on Freud
Judaism Darwin World War I
Freud’s Theory of Instincts
• Life Instincts: Eros and libido
• How the life instincts work
• The Death Instincts: Thanatos
• How the death instincts work
• Conflict of life and death instinct
Catharsis
Release of Instinctual Energy
Konrad Lorenz and Ethology
Imprinting On Aggression
Aggression in Nonhuman Animals
• Often involves territoriality1) Territory holders get to reproduce
2) Get to use resources in territory
• Sexual selection
Aggression in Nonhumans And Humans
• Aggression in nonhumans often strengthens the species
• Aggression in nonhumans often regulates population
• Aggression in humans could destroy life on Earth
• What went wrong?
Aggression Between Wolves
• How long would it take a wolf to kill another wolf?
• Why do wolves seldom kill other wolves?• Aggression inhibiting signals evolve over time
Aggression Between Hummingbirds
• Would hummingbirds have strong or weak aggression inhibiting signals? Why?
• With respect to aggression inhibiting signals are humans more like wolves or more like hummingbirds? Why?
Humans Aggression Inhibiting Signals
• How long would it take a human to kill another human with his or her bare hands?
• Until recently humans were relatively harmless omnivores.• However, recently in our evolutionary history human tool
use greatly expanded.
Humans Aggression Inhibiting Signals
• Humans became the master killer of the planet• Humans did not have time to evolve strong aggression
inhibiting stimuli• As a result, aggression largely uncontrolled by inhibiting
signals has a destructive impact on the survival of the species.
Distance Aggression And Inhibiting Signals
• Persons engaged in hand-to-hand combat • Humans did not have time to evolve strong aggression
inhibiting stimuli• As a result, aggression largely uncontrolled by inhibiting
signals has a destructive impact on the survival of the species.
Capital Punishment
• 74 percent of Americans surveyed say they favor the death penalty for people convicted of murder in a 2003 Gallup poll
• Despite its public support capital punishment remains controversial in the US
Capital Punishment
• Of the 85 prisoners executed in 2000, 49 were white, of which 6 were white Hispanic; 35 were black and 1 was American Indian.
Of the 3,593 prisoners on the death rows of U.S. prisons at the end of 2000, about 55 percent were white, 43 percent were black, with all other races represented 2 percent.
Capital Punishment: How To Kill?
Capital Punishment: How To Kill?
Capital Punishment: Ignorance Hypothesis
• Furman vs Georgia• Justice Marshall• A woman taking Social Psychology• Stuart and Vidmar
Capital Punishment: Who Do We Execute
•Of the 85 prisoners executed in 2000, 49 were white, of which 6 were white Hispanic; 35 were black and 1 was American Indian.
•Of the 3,593 prisoners on the death rows of U.S. prisons at the end of 2000, about 55 percent were white, 43 percent were black, with all other races represented 2 percent.
•Blacks were almost five times as likely as Whites to be on death row
Executions By State (2002)
State Executions State ExecutionsTexas 33 Ohio 3Oklahoma 7 Alabama 2 Missouri 6 Mississippi 2 Georgia 4 North Carolina 2 Virginia 4 Louisiana 1Florida 3 California 1 South Carolina 3
Of 71 Executions 67 (94%) Occurred in the South
Executions Of Juveniles By State Since 1976
State Executions Texas 13Virginia 3 Oklahoma 3 Georgia 1Louisiana 1Missouri 1South Carolina 1
Of 23 Executions 23 (100%) Occurred in the South
Capital Punishment: Phillips Archival Study
•Phillips (1980) recorded reports of murders and capital punishments publicized in London between 1858 and 1921.
•Immediately after a well‑publicized execution, homicides dropped about 35%.
•Several weeks later homicides increased above the rate that would have been expected if no execution had taken place.
•When averaged over a period of six weeks, capital punishment did not influence the number of homicides.
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