SOUTHEAST ASIA Mainland and Insular Regions E. J. PALKA

SOUTHEAST ASIA Mainland and Insular

Regions

E. J. PALKA

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 2

Setting the Boundaries Two sub-regions: Mainland and Insular

Southeast Asia 11 countries; 10 of which are in the

Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN)

Formerly known as Indochina Highlights influence of India and China

MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES

A FRAGMENTED REALM OF NUMEROUS ISLAND COUNTRIES AND PENINSULAS

PHYSIOGRAPHY DOMINATED BY HIGH RELIEF, CRUSTAL INSTABILITY, AND TROPICAL CLIMATES

EXHIBITS CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHATTER BELT

POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND CONFLICT CLUSTERED POPULATION PATTERNS POOR INTRAREGIONAL COMMUNICATIONS CULTURAL FRAGMENTATION (COMPLEX

ETHNIC, LINGUISTIC, AND RELIGIOUS PATTERNS)

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis,

Price, and Wyckoff 4

Southeast Asia

Figure 13.1

SOUTHEASTASIA

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis,

Price, and Wyckoff 6

Physical Landscapes

Mainland Deltaic

environments Tropical monsoon

forest Insular

Archipelagic environments

Sunda Shelf

Deltaic Environment

Figure 13.6

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 7

Natural Hazards

Mud Volcano in Indonesia

Tsunami Damage in Banda Aceh

Figure 13.8

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis,

Price, and Wyckoff 8

Climate

Figure 13.7

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 9

Figure 13.3

Environmental Issues – Overview

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis,

Price, and Wyckoff 10

Deforestation in Southeast Asia

Export-oriented logging

Denuded landscapes, damaged watersheds, reduced biodiversity

National parks and protected areas

Figure 13.4

Deforestation

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 11

Figure 13.0

Figure 13.2.1

Luzon, Philippines

Oil Palm Plantations

LOGGING ON BORNEO

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 13

Agriculture

Harvesting Tea in Indonesia

Figure 13.11

Swidden Agriculture and the “Golden Triangle”

Figure 13.12

BURNING RAINFOREST DEBRIS

REASONS TO “SLASH AND BURN” ?

To eliminate the canopy of the trees in the rainforest allowing sunlight to enter

To add a fertilizer to the impoverished soil in the form of nitrogen and carbon

To eradicate competing vegetation that exists in the rainforest environment

To alter the acidity of the soil which hampers the growth of the crops

SWIDDEN ESTABLISHED

REASONS TO ABANDON FARMS

RAPID DETERIORATION OF THE SOIL DO LOSS OF THE LAYER OF ASH

SOIL EROSION DUE TO HEAVY PRECIPITATION OF THE RAINFOREST

INVASION OF THE SWIDDEN BY NATIVE VEGETATION AND PESTS

DECREASE IN THE YIELDS DUE TO ALL OF THE FACTORS MENTIONED ABOVE

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 19

Population

Figure 13.10

-Deltas-Coastal areas-Zones of fertile volcanic soil

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 20

Demographic Contrasts

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis,

Price, and Wyckoff 21

Transmigration

Figure 13.14

Internal Relocation of Population

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 22

Contrasting Settlement Patterns

Rural Indonesia

Bangkok Figure 13.16

Figure 13.15

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis,

Price, and Wyckoff 23

Cultural Coherence and Diversity

South Asian

Chinese

Islamic

Influences

Indonesia’s Largest Mosque

Figure 13.19

ETHNICITY

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 25

Linguistic Diversity

Figure 13.20

Burmese Script

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 26

Religious Diversity

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

Global Context of Southeast Asian Culture

Figure 13.23

Buddhist Monks in a Burmese Market

Filipina Musician in Hong Kong

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Colonialism in Southeast Asia

Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 29

Geopolitical Framework

COLONIAL SPHERES IN

SOUTHEAST ASIA

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

A SYSTEMATIC FIELD OF GEOGRAPHY THAT FOCUSES ON THE SPATIAL EXPRESSIONS OF POLITICAL BEHAVIOR

KEY TERMS SUPRANATIONALISM BALKANIZATION IRREDENTISM GEOPOLITICS DEVOLUTION

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY(CONTINUED)

STATE TERRITORIAL MORPHOLOGY COMPACT- CAMBODIA PROTRUDED (EXTENDED)- THAILAND ELONGATED (ATTENUATED)-

VIETNAM FRAGMENTED- PHILIPPINES PERFORATED- SOUTH AFRICA

THE IMPACT OF SHAPE?

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY(CONTINUED)

BOUNDARIES DEFINITION VS DELIMITATION VS

DEMARCATION MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONS

GEOMETRIC PHYSIOGRAPHIC ANTHROPOGEOGRAPHIC

GENETIC CLASSIFICATIONS ANTECEDENT SUBSEQUENT SUPERIMPOSED RELICT

GENETIC CLASSIFICATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

ANTECEDENT

INDONESIA

MALAYSIA

BRUNEI

SUPERIMPOSED

INDONESIA

PAPUANEW GUINEA

RELICT BOUNDARY

VIETNAM

FORMER NORTH

FORMER SOUTH

SUBSEQUENT BOUNDARY

LAOS

CHINA

SOUTH CHINASEA

VIETNAM

SHAPES OF

STATES

COMPACT STATE

CAMBODIA

A POLITICO-GEOGRAPHIC TERM TO DESCRIBE A STATE THAT POSSESSES A CIRCULAR, OVAL, OR RECTANGULAR TERRITORY IN WHICH THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER TO ANY POINT ON THE BOUNDARY EXHIBITS LITTLE VARIATION

CAMBODIA, URUGUAY, AND POLAND ARE EXAMPLES.

ELONGATED STATE

VIETNAM A STATE WHOSE TERRITORY IS DECIDEDLY LONG AND NARROW; ITS LENGTH IS AT LEAST SIX TIMES GREATER THAN ITS AVERAGE WIDTH

CHILE, VIETNAM, AND LAOS ARE CLASSIC EXAMPLES.

PROTRUDED STATE

THAILAND A TYPE OF TERRITORIAL SHAPE THAT EXHIBITS A NARROW, ELONGATED LAND EXTENSION LEADING AWAY FROM THE MAIN BODY OF THE TERRITORY

THAILAND AND MYANMAR ARE LEADING EXAMPLES.

FRAGMENTED STATE

A STATE WHOSE TERRITORY CONSISTS OF SEVERAL SEPARATED PARTS, NOT A CONTIGUOUS WHOLE

THE INDIVIDUAL PARTS MAY BE ISOLATED FROM EACH OTHER BY THE LAND AREA OF OTHER STATES OR BY INTERNATIONAL WATERS.

PHILIPPINES AND INDONESIA ARE ALSO EXAMPLES.

MALAYSIA

SOUTHEAST ASIAMainland and Insular

Regions

E. J. PALKA