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Southend-on-Sea Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
Bureau Veritas
June 2014
Bureau Veritas UK Limited
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Document Control Sheet
Issue/Revision Issue 1 Issue 2 Issue 3
Remarks Draft Draft Final
Date April 2014 April 2014 June 2014
Submitted to Elizabeth Georgeou Elizabeth Georgeou Elizabeth Georgeou
Prepared by Anna Czerska (Assistant
Consultant)
Anna Czerska (Assistant
Consultant)
Anna Czerska (Assistant
Consultant)
Signature
Approved by Ben Warren
(Senior Consultant – Project Manager)
Ben Warren (Senior Consultant – Project Manager)
Dr Richard Maggs (Consulting Group
Manager)
Signature
Project number 8382199
File reference 2918
Disclaimer
This Report was completed by Bureau Veritas on the basis of a defined programme of work and terms and conditions agreed with the Client. Bureau Veritas’ confirms that in preparing this Report it has exercised all reasonable skill and care taking into account the project objectives, the agreed scope of works, prevailing site conditions and the degree of manpower and resources allocated to the project. Bureau Veritas accepts no responsibility to any parties whatsoever, following the issue of the Report, for any matters arising outside the agreed scope of the works. This Report is issued in confidence to the Client and Bureau Veritas has no responsibility to any third parties to whom this Report may be circulated, in part or in full, and any such parties rely on the contents of the report solely at their own risk. Unless specifically assigned or transferred within the terms of the agreement, the consultant asserts and retains all Copyright, and other Intellectual Property Rights, in and over the Report and its contents. Any questions or matters arising from this Report should be addressed in the first instance to the report author.
Local Authority Officer
Elizabeth Georgeou
Department Regulatory Services
Address
Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Floor 13 Civic Centre Victoria Avenue Southend-on-Sea SS2 6ER
Telephone 01702 215461
e-mail Elizabethgeorgeou@southend.gov.uk
Report Reference number
Southend_APR_2014
Date June 2014
Bureau Veritas Southend-on-Sea Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 1
Executive Summary
Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 places a statutory duty on local authorities to
review and assess the air quality within their area and take account of Government
Guidance when undertaking such work. This Annual Progress Report is a
requirement of the Fifth Round of Review and Assessment and is a requirement for
all local authorities. The Report has been undertaken in accordance with the
Technical Guidance LAQM.TG (09) and associated tools.
This Annual Progress Report considers all new monitoring data and assesses the
data against the Air Quality Strategy objectives. It also considers any changes that
may have an impact on air quality.
The results from both monitoring and assessment of sources in the Borough indicate
the air quality objectives at locations of relevant exposure are being met.
Southend-on-Sea Borough Council have identified four biomass applications for
which full emissions and stack information were unavailable at that time. These
installations will be assessed in the next Updating and Screening Assessment.
Proposed actions arising from the 2014 Annual Progress Report are as follows:
Continue NO2 diffusion tube and continous monitoring in the Borough to
identify future changes in pollutant concentrations;
Continue to gather emission and stack information for the identified
biomass installations to determine their potential impact upon air quality;
Continue monitoring at Site SOU21 to confirm existing concentrations;
Proceed to the 2015 Updating Screening and Assessment.
Bureau Veritas Southend-on-Sea Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 2
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 4
1.1 Description of Local Authority Area 4
1.2 Purpose of Progress Report 4
1.3 Air Quality Objectives 5
1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 6
2 New Monitoring Data 7
2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 7
2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives 12
3 New Local Developments 18
3.1 Road Traffic Sources 18
3.2 Other Transport Sources 18
3.3 Industrial Sources 18
3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources 19
3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 20
4 Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy 21
5 Planning Applications 22
6 Air Quality Planning Policies 23
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 24
8 Climate Change Strategies 26
9 Implementation of Action Plans 27
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 28
10.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 28
10.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments 28
10.3 Proposed Actions 28
11 References 29
Bureau Veritas Southend-on-Sea Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 3
List of Tables
Table 1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England 5
Table 2 Details of Automatic Monitoring Site 9
Table 3 Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites 11
Table 4 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective 12
Table 5 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective 13
Table 6 Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2010 - 2013 15
Table 7 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Particulates (PM2.5) 16
Table 8 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Ozone: Comparison with Objectives 17
List of Figures
Figure 1 Chalkwell Park Automatic Monitoring station 8
Figure 2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites 10
Figure 3 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring
Sites 13
Appendices
Appendix A: Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QA/QC) Data
Appendix B: Monthly monitoring data
LAQM Progress Report 2014 4
1 Introduction
1.1 Description of Local Authority Area
Southend-on-Sea is an Unitary Authority located in south Essex, thirty six miles from
London (in straight line) along the Thames Estuary and has a population of over
173,600 (2011 census), largely living in the main urban areas of Southend, Leigh,
Shoeburyness and Westcliff.
The main source of air pollution in the borough is road traffic emissions from major
roads, notably the A13, A127 and A1159. Other pollution sources, including
commercial, industrial and domestic sources, also make a contribution to background
pollution concentrations. Southend-on-Sea Borough Council has not declared any Air
Quality Management Areas (AQMA).
1.2 Purpose of Progress Report
This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy
for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and
Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local
authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine
whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where
exceedences are considered likely, the local authority must then declare an Air
Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP)
setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.
Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly
Updating and Screening Assessment reports. Their purpose is to maintain continuity
in the LAQM process.
They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment
Reports, or to require as much effort. However, if the Progress Report identifies the
risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective, the Local Authority (LA) should
undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately, and not wait until the next round of
Review and Assessment.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 5
1.3 Air Quality Objectives
The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air Quality
(England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)
Regulations 2002 (SI 3043), and are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the
objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre µg/m3 (milligrammes per cubic
metre, mg/m3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year
that are permitted (where applicable).
Table 1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England
Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be
achieved by Concentration Measured as
Benzene 16.25 µg/m3 Running annual
mean 31.12.2003
5.00 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2010
1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual
mean 31.12.2003
Carbon monoxide 10 mg/m3 Running 8-hour
mean 31.12.2003
Lead 0.50 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004
0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a
year
1-hour mean 31.12.2005
40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005
Particulate Matter (PM10)
(gravimetric)
50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a
year
24-hour mean 31.12.2004
40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004
Sulphur dioxide
350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more
than 24 times a year
1-hour mean 31.12.2004
125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year
24-hour mean 31.12.2004
266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more
than 35 times a year
15-minute mean 31.12.2005
LAQM Progress Report 2014 6
1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
Round Date(s) Summary
1 1998-2001
Concluded that all AQS objectives would be met for all pollutants. Local exceedences of PM10 and NO2 were recorded at the busiest roads, however there were no nearby sensitive receptors. No AQMAs were declared.
2
2003 USA concluded that it was not necessary to declare any AQMAs within the Borough.
2004-2005
Progress Reports demonstrated that SBC met all AQS objectives No AQMAs were declared.
3
2006 USA concluded that AQS objectives would be met for all pollutants.
2008 Progress Report concluded that AQS objectives would be met for all pollutants at relevant receptor locations.
4
2009 USA identified exceedences of the NO2 AQS objective at two locations. Projection to the closest façade suggested the AQS objectives would be met at relevant receptor locations.
2010-2011
Progress Reports concluded that AQS objectives would be met for all pollutants at relevant receptor locations.
5 2012 USA identified exceedences of the NO2 AQS objective at two locations. Projection to the closest façade suggested the AQS objectives would be met at relevant receptor locations.
6 2013
2013 Progress Report recommended a review of the tube location at SOU23 where the annual mean result for 2012 was very close the objective but the site did not represent relevant exposure. Other recommendations included preparation of a local air quality strategy, which could help to improve local air quality – as monitoring in 2012 had identified sites with concentrations of NO2 within 10% (36µg/m3) of the objective.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 7
2 New Monitoring Data
2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
This section provides details of monitoring carried out in 2013, the year covered by
this report.
One change in monitoring sites since the year 2012 was made as follows:
Diffusion tube site SOU23 at The Bell, Prince Avenue (junction of major
intersection), – was relocated to SOU33 at 122-124 Prince Avenue - in order
to make it representative of relevant exposure following the recommendations
of the 2013 Progress Report.
2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites
A monitoring station has been located in Chalkwell Park since July 2001. This is an
urban background site and part of Defra’s Automatic Urban & Rural Network (AURN).
The station is located approximately 90 metres west of the nearest minor road,
Chalkwell Road, and about 160 metres south from the nearest major road, A13
London Road. The pollutants currently measured at this site include NO2,
particulates (PM2.5) and ozone (O3). Up to 30 September 2007, sulphur dioxide (SO2)
and carbon monoxide (CO) were also measured at this location.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 8
Figure 1 Chalkwell Park Automatic Monitoring Station
LAQM Progress Report 2014 9
Table 2 Details of Automatic Monitoring Site
2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Southend Council undertook monitoring at 16 nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube sites in
2013. Details of the monitoring sites are shown in Table 3, whilst their location is
provided in Figure 2.
During 2012 a number of changes to tube locations were made in order to locate all
tubes at sites of relevant exposure. Previous report (Progress Report 2013) should
be consulted to view those changes.
Following the recommendations of the 2013 Progress Report, one site – SOU23 at
The Bell, Prince Avenue (junction of major intersection), – was relocated in
December 2013 to SOU33 at 122-124 Prince Avenue - in order to make it
representative of relevant exposure.
Quality control procedures, including bias adjustment, are discussed in Appendix A.
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref (x,y)
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA?
Relevant Exposure? (Y/N with
Distance (m) to Relevant Exposure)
Distance to Kerb of Nearest
Road (N/A if not Applicable)
Does This location
represent worst-case
exposure
Southend, Chalkwell
Park
Urban Background
585823, 186212
NO2, PM2.5, O3
No N 90.0 No
LAQM Progress Report 2014 10
Figure 2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
Table 3 Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site ID Site Type
X OS Grid Reference
Y OS Grid Reference
Site Height
(m)
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA?
Is Monitoring Co-located
with a Continuous
Analyser (Y/N)
Relevant Exposure?
(Y/N with distance (m) from
monitoring site to
relevant exposure)
Distance to Kerb of Nearest
Road (m) (N/A if not applicable)
Does this Location
Represent Worst-Case
Exposure?
SOU18 Airport Roadside 587396 188670 2.5 NO2 N N N – 16.5 2.7 Y
SOU19 Airport Roadside 587107 188772 2.5 NO2 N N N – 18.5 0.5 Y
SOU20 Airport Roadside 587279 188747 2.5 NO2 N N N – 14.0 0.5 Y
SOU21 Roadside 587699 186681 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 3.0 Y
SOU22 Roadside 586780 186233 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 4.5 Y
SOU23 Roadside 586993 187880 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 N
SOU24 Roadside 588339 187425 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 6.0 Y
SOU25 Roadside 588469 185252 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 5.0 Y
SOU26 Roadside 582524 186541 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 4.0 Y
SOU27 Roadside 583532 186566 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 12.0 Y
SOU28 Roadside 584932 188249 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 11.0 Y
SOU29 Roadside 584141 188238 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 10.0 Y
SOU30 Roadside 587396 188670 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 14.0 Y
SOU31 Roadside 587796 185955 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 11.0 Y
SOU32 Roadside 587393 187577 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 20.0 Y
SOU33 Roadside 586954 187841 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 10.0 Y
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Automatic Monitoring Data
Ratified automatic monitoring results are presented below in
Table 4 and Table 5. As data capture was good during 2013 annualisation was not
required. Full details of the QA/QC procedure are provided in Appendix A.
Results indicate there have been no exceedences of the annual mean NO2 air quality
objectives or 1-hour NO2 objective in 2013.
Trends of pollution concentrations at this site indicate that nitrogen dioxide levels
levelled off during 2010-2012, before reducing again in 2013.
Table 4 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Location Within
AQMA?
Data Capture
for Monitoring Period %
Data Capture for Full
Calendar Year
2013 %
Annual Mean Concentrations (µg/m
3 )
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
AURN Chalkwell
Park Background
Site
N 95.2 95.2 24.0 22.3 22.3 22.3 20.3
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
Table 5 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective
Location Within
AQMA?
Data Capture
for Monitoring Period %
Data Capture for Full
Calendar Year
2013 %
Number of Hourly Means >200µg/m3
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
AURN Chalkwell
Park Background
Site
N 95.2 95.2 0 0
(88ug/m3)
0 (82.5ug/m
3)
0 (82ug/m
3)
0
Where data capture for the year <90%, 99.8
th percentile of hourly mean shown in brackets.
Figure 3 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The 2010 – 2013 annual mean NO2 concentrations recorded at the passive diffusion
tube monitoring sites in the Borough are shown in Table 6.
The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Gradko utilising the 20%
triethanolamine (TEA) in water preparation method. Full details of the bias
adjustment and QA/QC procedure are provided in Appendix A.
Data capture for all of the sites (apart from SOU33 where only one month of data
was available) was 75% or above so data annualisation was not required. The full
annual results from Site SOU33 will be presented in the report next year. The full
dataset (monthly mean values) is included in Appendix B.
Results from previous years are not available for many sites as during 2012
Southend Council made a number of changes to tube locations in order to locate all
tubes at sites of relevant exposure. Progress Report 2013 should be consulted to
view the changes made.
The annual mean NO2 objective was not exceeded at any of the diffusion tube sites
in the Borough during 2013. This confirms that the decision to relocate all tubes to
sites of relevant exposure, which had taken place in 2012, was fully justified.
The concentrations at SOU21 showed a large increase from 2012 concentrations but
still remained below the annual mean NO2 objective. As the 2013 result was very
close to the objective, further monitoring at this site is recommended to confirm
existing concentrations.
Following the recommendations of the 2013 Progress Report, one site – SOU23 at
The Bell, Prince Avenue (junction of major intersection), – was relocated in
December 2013 to SOU33 at 122-124 Prince Avenue - in order to make it more
representative of relevant exposure. However, as monitoring at SOU33 began in
December 2013 only one monthly result is available for the year. It was therefore
decided that the results from this site in 2014 should be used to determine the
requirement for a Detailed Assessment.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 6 Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2010 - 2013
Site ID Within
AQMA?
Data Capture for full calendar
year 2013
Annual mean concentrations (µg/m3)
(Number of Months)
2010 (bias factor 1.03)
2011 (bias factor 0.93)
2012 (bias factor 0.97)
2013 (bias factor 0.95)
SOU18 Airport
N 9 34.4 33.5 24.8 31.8
SOU19 Airport
N 9 54.1 31.0 28.3 27.1
SOU20 Airport
N 10 - 32.9 30.7 29.5
SOU21 N 12 - - 33.9 39.2
SOU22 N 10 - - 24.9 24.9
SOU23 N 11 - - 39.7 32.4
SOU24 N 12 - - 31.6 31.8
SOU25 N 12 - - 29.7 31.2
SOU26 N 12 - - 37.0 36.3
SOU27 N 12 - - 22.4 24.2
SOU28 N 12 - - 34.7 34.1
SOU29 N 12 - - 22.7 27.8
SOU30 N 12 - - 24.3 29.9
SOU31 N 12 - - 30.3 30.1
SOU32 N 9 - - 26.7 27.4
SOU33 N 1 - - - 62.7 In bold, exceedence of the NO2 annual mean AQS objective of 40μg/m
3
2.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)
There was no PM10 monitoring carried out within the Borough in 2013. All previous
LAQM reports have identified that there is no likely exceedence of the PM10 AQS
objectives.
PM2.5 is monitored at the AURN background site, Chalkwell Park. PM2.5 objectives
have been set out in the UK Air Quality Regulations. Although there is no
requirement for local authorities to review and assess PM2.5 against these objectives
as part of the LAQM regime, results have been reported as recommended by
Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09).
The PM2.5 results indicate that levels are well below the target value of 25µg/m3 in
2013, similar to previous year.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
Table 7 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Particulates (PM2.5)
Location Within
AQMA? PM2.5 Annual Mean 2013 *
Chalkwell Park AURN
Background No 10.7b
* As a comparison, the UK Air Quality Standard objective for PM2.5 is 25µg/m
3 (target value) for England
b Data capture was below 90% during 2013
2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
No monitoring of sulphur dioxide takes place in the Borough. All previous LAQM
reports have identified that there is no likely exceedence of the sulphur dioxide AQS
objectives.
2.2.4 Benzene
No monitoring of benzene takes place in the Borough. All previous LAQM reports
have identified that there is no likely exceedence of the benzene AQS objectives.
2.2.5 Other Pollutants Monitored (O3)
Continuous monitoring of O3 is undertaken at the Chalkwell Park AURN Background
monitoring site. O3 is a transboundary pollutant; the sources of O3 are frequently
spatially distant from the measured site of the concentrations. This pollutant is not a
prescribed air quality objective for LAQM purposes; however, it has been reported as
recommended by Technical Guidance LAQM TG(09).
The results from 2013 indicate the AQS objective for O3, of 10 8-hour running mean
exceedences of 100µg/m3 per year is being exceeded, similar to previous year.
The number of exceedences in 2013 increased significantly when compared to 2012
results, however the full number of potential exceedences in 2012 may have been
higher as there was only 88% data capture for O3 in 2012.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Table 8 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Ozone: Comparison with Objectives
Location Within
AQMA? Description
% Data capture
2013
Number of Exceedences
in 2012
Number of Exceedences
in 2013
AURN Chalkwell
Park Background
Site
No Maximum 8-hour
running mean > 100 µg/m
3
94.7 34 66
Exceedence of the ozone AQS objective: 8 hour mean of 100µg/m3 - 10 exceedences allowed per year.
2.2.6 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
Southend-on-Sea Borough Council has examined the results from monitoring in the
borough. Concentrations were recorded above the objectives however based on
further information, there is no need to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
3 New Local Developments
3.1 Road Traffic Sources
Since the previous Review and Assessment report, there have been none of the
following new or newly identified developments:
Narrow congested streets with residential properties close to the kerb;
Busy streets where people may spend one hour or more close to traffic;
Roads with a high flow of buses and/or HGVs;
Junctions;
New roads constructed or proposed;
Roads with significantly changed traffic flows; or
Bus or coach stations.
3.2 Other Transport Sources
Since the previous Review and Assessment report, there have been none of the
following new or newly identified developments:
Airports;
Locations where diesel or steam trains are regularly stationary for periods of
15 minutes or more, with potential for relevant exposure within 15m;
Locations with a large number of movements of diesel locomotives, and
potential long-term relevant exposure within 30m; or
Ports for shipping.
3.3 Industrial Sources
In 2013, the following installations were granted LAPPC permits:
Olympus Keymed - Powder Coating PG6/31;
W & H Roads Limited - Bulk cement PG 3/1;
Eastwood Service Station - Waste Oil Burner PG 1/1;
Bridge Paintwork - Waste Oil Burner PG 1/1;
Progress Road MOT Service Centre - Waste Oil Burner PG 1/1;
Forefront Utilities Limited - Waste Oil Burner PG 1/1;
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Performance Coatings Limited - Surface Cleaning PG 6/45;
JAB Autos - Waste Oil Burner PG 1/1; and
Dolphin Motorsport Engineering - Waste Oil Burner PG 1/1.
A revocation of the Premiers Dry Cleaners PG 6/46 permit number 74/07 was also
announced in 2013.
These processes are not considered to be of a sufficient size to affect achievement
of the AQS objectives.
3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources
LAQM requires local authorities to consider the following:
Biomass combustion plant – individual installations;
Areas where the combined impact of several biomass combustion sources
may be relevant; or
Areas where domestic solid fuel burning may be relevant.
Biomass Combustion Plant – Individual Installations
Boston Council had identified four biomass installations which are over the 50kW
criteria for assessment.
These installations are:
Belfairs Academy, Highlands Boulevard, Leigh on Sea, SS9 3TG;
The Westborough School, McDonald Avenue, Westcliff on Sea, SS0 9BS
The Federation of Greenways Schools, Greenways, Thorpe Bay, SS1 3BS
Metal (Chalkwell Lodge – wood burner only) Chalkwell Park, Chalkwell
Avenue, Chalkwell, SS0 8NB
In order to undertake a screening assessment for the above installations, Boston
Council will liaise with the relevant stakeholders to obtain data regarding the
specification and design of the appliances.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
Since the previous Review and Assessment report, there have been none of the
following new developments:
Landfill sites;
Quarries;
Unmade haulage roads on industrial sites;
Waste transfer stations etc; or
Other potential sources of fugitive particulate emissions.
Southend-on-Sea Borough Council has identified the following local developments
which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area.
Biomass Installations:
Belfairs Academy, Highlands Boulevard, Leigh on Sea, SS9 3TG;
The Westborough School, McDonald Avenue, Westcliff on Sea, SS0 9BS
The Federation of Greenways Schools, Greenways, Thorpe Bay, SS1 3BS
Metal (Chalkwell Lodge – wood burner only) Chalkwell Park, Chalkwell
Avenue, Chalkwell, SS0 8NB
These will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening
Assessment when actual emissions data is available for these installations.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
4 Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy
Southend-on-Sea Borough Council have not published a Local Air Quality Strategy.
However they work as part of the Essex Air Quality Group and consideration of air
quality is made during discussions with this group.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 22
5 Planning Applications
In 2013, permission was granted for the following developments with the potential to
impact upon local air quality:
Waste Transfer Station, Eastern Avenue (13/00055/BC3M); a revised planning
application will be submitted for this development and an Environmental
Impact Assessment will be undertaken.
Sainsbury’s Superstore, Roots Hall (11/01540/RESM).
The development of the Sainsbury’s Superstore at Roots Hall will not proceed until
the works have commenced on the associated development for a new Stadium at
Fossets Farm for Southend United Football Club.
The Council is also aware of the following potential future developments that could
impact upon local air quality:
Shoebury Garrison 14/00566/OUTM for 172 dwellings and 1500 m2 office
space.
Impacts will be considered in the planning process and as part of the ongoing LAQM
process.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 23
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
No updates have been made to any policies impacting air quality in the Borough
since the previous round of review and assessment.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 24
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
The Third Local Transport Plan (LTP3) 2011/12 - 2025/26 presents a medium to
long-term vision for transport within the Borough of Southend and sets high level
objectives and strategic priorities. The Borough of Southend does not have any
AQMAs as a result of pollution from transport, however there is still one policy within
LTP3 related to air quality (Policy 12: Maintain Air Quality). Policy 12 states that in
order to ensure that no AQMAs are declared from transport, an Air Quality
Assessment for development proposals will be required if the development will result
in increased congestion, significantly change the traffic composition in the area, such
as a large proportion of HGVs, include vehicle parks or affect nearby air quality
threshold limits. The policy also states that vehicles and modes with low carbon
dioxide levels will be promoted and air quality levels throughout the Borough will be
monitored.
A127 / B1013 Tesco Junction Improvement Scheme to commence September
14 until March 15 which is designed to ease congestion and support the
development of the London Southend Airport and ENVIRONS Joint Area
Action Plan (JAAP).
A127 / Kent Elms Junction Improvement Scheme which is designed to ease
congestion and support the development of the London Southend Airport and
ENVIRONS Joint Area Action Plan (JAAP).
A127 / Rochford Road and Hobbleythick Lane Junction Improvement Scheme
which is designed to ease congestion and support the development of the
London Southend Airport and ENVIRONS Joint Area Action Plan (JAAP).
A review of Victoria Gateway scheme has prioritised the A13 westbound
corridor to improve traffic flow and reduce waiting time for vehicles.
Additional work has been carried out by the council for local transport initiatives:
The Council has developed a Multi Modal Transport Model for the Borough
which developers have been expected to utilise as appropriate. The output
from this model informs as to whether further investigation into air quality and
mitigation measures are required;
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25
The Council has been involved in the Plugged in Places project and has had
five electric vehicle charging posts installed across the Borough. The Council
is still liaising with the Plugged in Places company to install more at key
locations within the Borough and also to produce marketing material to
promote the use of electric vehicles; and
Further work on the benefits of Low Emission Zones (LEZ) within the Borough
is being investigated as part of the Area Action Plans.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26
8 Climate Change Strategies
On 4th September 2012 the Council approved its first Low-Carbon Energy Strategy,
which covers a two year period up until the end of 2014. The strategy promotes the
development of a low-carbon and more sustainable transport infrastructure. The
Council has launched a series of initiatives that will help achieve key targets for
sustainable transport (for example to reduce short car journeys (under 5 miles) by
10%) – the initiatives include Cycle Southend, Bike Friendly Cities, MoveEasy and
the recently launched Ideas in Motion, which aims to reduce congestion on the roads
in Southend in order to increase economic growth and improve air quality throughout
the Borough.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27
9 Implementation of Action Plans
Southend-on-Sea do not currently have any AQMA areas so there is no need at
present to develop a specific air quality action plan.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
10.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
The annual mean NO2 objective was not exceeded at the continuous monitoring site
or any of the diffusion tube sites in the Borough during 2013.
The concentrations at the SOU21 diffusion tube site showed a large increase from
2012 concentrations but still remained below the annual mean NO2 objective. Further
monitoring at this site is recommended to confirm existing concentrations.
10.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
Southend-on-Sea Borough Council have identified four biomass applications for
which full emissions and stack information were unavailable at that time. These
installations will be assessed in the next Updating and Screening Assessment.
10.3 Proposed Actions
Proposed actions arising from the 2014 Annual Progress Report are as follows:
Continue NO2 diffusion tube and continous monitoring in the Borough to
identify future changes in pollutant concentrations;
Continue to gather emission and stack information for the identified
biomass installations to determine their potential impact upon air quality;
Continue monitoring at Site SOU21 to confirm existing concentrations;
Proceed to the 2015 Updating Screening and Assessment.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
11 References
AEA (2008) Diffusion Tubes for Ambient NO2 Monitoring: Practical Guidance for Laboratories and Users. Report to Defra and the Devolved Administrations.
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (2009) Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09).
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (2009) Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(09).
Southend Local Transport Plan 3 Strategy Document 2011-2026.
Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Updating and Screening Assessment 2012.
Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Annual Progress Report 2013.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 30
Appendices
Appendix A: Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QA/QC) Data
Appendix B: Monthly Monitoring Data
LAQM Progress Report 2014 31
Appendix A: QA:QC Data
Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors
The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Gradko utilising the 20%
triethanolamine (TEA) in water preparation method. A bias adjustment of 0.95 for the
year 2013 (based on 24 studies) has been obtained from the national bias
adjustment calculator1.
For previous data, years 2010 to 2012, the bias adjustment factors have been taken
from the Council’s previous LAQM annual reports. The factors used were 1.03
(2010), 0.93 (2011) and 0.97 (2012).
Discussion of Choice of Factor to Use No co-location studies are undertaken in the administrative area. As such the
national bias adjustment factors are used by the Council. The national factors have
been used in past LAQM reporting.
PM Monitoring Adjustment No PM10 monitoring is undertaken in the administrative area.
Short-term to Long-term Data adjustment
Data capture for all of the sites (apart from SOU33 where only one month of data
was available) was 75% or above so data annualisation was not required. The results
from Site SOU33 will be presented in the next year’s report.
QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring
The site is managed to the UK Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) QA
procedures and standards as the site.
1 1 National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet, version 03/14 published in March 2014.
LAQM Progress Report 2014 32
QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring
Gradko International Ltd is a UKAS accredited laboratory and participates in the
Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) for NO2 diffusion tube analysis
and the Annual Field Inter-Comparison Exercise. These provide strict performance
criteria for participating laboratories to meet, thereby ensuring NO2 concentrations
reported are of a high calibre. The lab follows the procedures set out in the
Harmonisation Practical Guidance. In the latest available WASP results, rounds 120
through to 123 (January to December 2013) Gradko International have scored 100%.
The percentage score reflects the results deemed to be satisfactory based upon the
z-score of < ± 2. Based on 24 studies, 96% of all local Authority co-location studies in
2013 were rated as ‘good’ (tubes are considered to have "good" precision where the
coefficient of variation of duplicate or triplicate diffusion tubes for eight or more
periods during the year is less than 20%).
LAQM Progress Report 2014 33
Appendix B: Monthly monitoring data
Site Name
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec COUNT % Data Capture
AVERAGE BIAS
ADJUSTED
SOU18 43.2 30.1 26.1 27.2 31.9 29.4 32.5 36.2 45.0 9 75.0 33.5 31.8
SOU19 32.0 25.1 24.7 20.3 23.2 25.1 28.3 38.4 39.6 9 75.0 28.5 27.1
SOU20 34.8 24.6 25.2 23.6 26.4 24.5 35.8 32.2 43.2 39.7 10 83.3 31.0 29.5
SOU21 52.0 47.6 33.8 33.9 31.6 38.5 40.3 43.3 37.7 53.0 42.2 11 91.7 41.3 39.2
SOU22 28.6 27.5 21.9 15.6 23.4 23.6 28.5 34.2 32.8 9 75.0 26.2 24.9
SOU23 44.9 32.3 24.1 31.1 29.6 23.9 29.7 38.8 20.9 44.1 55.5 11 91.7 34.1 32.4
SOU24 39.0 37.1 29.1 30.1 29.7 23.9 33.4 30.7 38.1 31.7 37.4 41.4 12 100.0 33.5 31.8
SOU25 39.2 40.7 28.4 29.7 28.2 24.5 24.7 30.5 33.8 34.2 43.7 37.2 12 100.0 32.9 31.2
SOU26 46.6 42.5 31.3 31.2 32.2 27.2 35.9 36.4 39.1 43.9 41.3 50.4 12 100.0 38.2 36.3
SOU27 29.8 31.9 28.0 23.9 20.8 17.1 23.7 19.6 28.4 24.6 32.3 26.1 12 100.0 25.5 24.2
SOU28 39.7 40.3 33.6 32.8 25.8 32.8 33.3 40.8 36.7 40.8 38.4 11 91.7 35.9 34.1
SOU29 39.8 34.5 28.7 24.6 23.7 20.2 24.9 22.8 30.5 29.7 37.6 34.2 12 100.0 29.3 27.8
SOU30 39.4 47.1 33.6 31.7 16.8 22.5 27.1 24.6 32.9 32.0 36.6 33.4 12 100.0 31.5 29.9
SOU31 30.6 33.2 26.4 53.6 23.3 20.8 25.8 30.3 28.5 34.8 35.3 37.9 12 100.0 31.7 30.1
SOU32 30.6 28.6 19.9 24.0 26.2 30.2 29.4 36.5 34.4 9 75.0 28.9 27.4
SOU33 66.0 1 8.3 66.0 62.7
Recommended