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Effects of Hatchery Strays On Recruitment of Steelhead in Mid Columbia Subbasins. Steve Cramer & Brent Lister Funded by Yakima Joint Board. S.P. Cramer & Associates, Inc. Fisheries Consultants www.spcramer.com. Mid – Columbia Study Area. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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S.P. Cramer & Associates, Inc.Fisheries Consultantswww.spcramer.com
Effects of Hatchery Strays On Recruitment of
Steelhead in Mid Columbia Subbasins
Steve Cramer & Brent Lister
Funded by Yakima Joint Board
Mid – Columbia Study Area
Life history typeBasin Mixed Rainbow Steelhead TotalsDeschutes 121 1,665 396 2,182
John Day 17 3,196 3,213Klickitat 80 185 264Umatilla 736 417 1,154Walla 107 638 745
Yakima 302 500 457 1,260
Totals 423 3,105 5,289 8,817
Miles of stream inhabited by O. mykiss in subbasins of the Mid Columbia Steelhead ESU
Hatchery & Wild Interbreeding
• Only Umatilla and Deschutes show >10% hatchery fish among natural spawners
• % Hatchery spawners is much lower in key production areas than at passage monitoring stations.
Productivity vs Hatchery Fish Percent Oregon Steelhead, 1989-95 (Chilcote 2001)
0
2
4
6
8
0 20 40 60Hatchery Percent
Rec
ruits
/sp
awn
er
Percent hatchery steelhead in spawning escapements, 1978-2002
0
20
40
60
80
10019
78
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
Hat
cher
y P
erce
nt
Deschutes
Umatilla
Yakima
Bakeoven Creek, Deschutes River
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
200
0
200
1
200
2
Spawning Year
%W
ild
Buckhollow Creek, Deschutes River
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
200
0
200
1
200
2
Spawning Year
%W
ild
% Wild Steelhead on Spawning Grounds
WildHtchr
y
% Htchry
Birch Ck% Htchry 3-Mi Dam
1995-96 143 6 4% 43%
1996-97 109 6 5% 38%
1997-98 85 1 1% 59%
1998-99 73 0 0% 51%
Adult summer steelhead collected at the fish trap on Birch Creek (Umatilla
River)
Average Wild Steelhead Recruits per Parent Spawner, 1978-97
broods
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
Deschutes John Day Umatilla
Rec
ruit
s/S
paw
ner
Wild/Hatchery Wild
Average Wild Steelhead Recruits per Parent
Spawner, 1985-97 broods
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
Deschutes John Day Umatilla Yakima
Rec
ruit
s/Sp
awne
r Wild/HatcheryWild
Relative recruitment of wild steelhead to spawning populations, 1978-97 broods.
0
1
2
3
41
97
8
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
Sta
nd
ard
ized
Rec
ruit
s
Deschutes
John Day
Umatilla
Relative recruitment of wild adult steelhead to Deschutes tributaries and two non-hatchery
streams, 1987-97 broods
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.519
87
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Sta
nd
ariz
ed R
ecru
its
Buckhollow and Bakeoven
John DayYakima
Average spawning escapements of wild and hatchery steelhead, Deschutes River, 1978-2002
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1978-86 1987-94 1995-2002
N (
x 1
00
0)
Wild Hatchery Strays
Warm Springs River as Control
• Major tributary of Deschutes River
• USFWS operates a weir where nearly all fish entering the river are trapped
• Only unmarked steelhead are released above the weir
Relative returns of wild steelhead to Deschutes and Warm Springs River (wild only), 1980-99.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
31
98
0
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
Sta
nd
ard
ize
d R
etu
rn
Deschutes
Warm Springs
Lower Mainstem
South Fork
Middle Fork
North Fork
Deschutes Umatillla Yakima Warm
Springs
Upper Mainstem
0.67 0.91 0.81 0.69 0.44 0.55 0.29 0.47
Lower Mainstem
0.62 0.66 0.76 0.61 0.71 0.57 0.56
South Fork 0.69 0.76 0.54 0.56 0.36 0.65
Middle Fork 0.61 0.50 0.59 0.46 0.42
North Fork0.68 0.67 0.50 0.70
Deschutes0.64 0.64 0.76
Umatillla 0.66 0.70
Yakima 0.52
Correlation Matrix of Naturally Produced Steelhead Abundance Trends
Mid Columbia Natural Steelhead Trends
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Nat
ura
l R
etu
rns
Ind
ex
Regional Index
Deschutes
*Index includes all of John Day, Yakima and Warm Springs
Deschutes Naturally Produced Steelhead
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
De
via
tion
Fro
m R
eg
ion
al T
ren
d
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
% H
atc
he
ry o
f N
atu
ral S
pa
wn
ers
Deviation from Regional Index
% Hatchery Spawners
Mid-Columbia Natural Steelhead Trends
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Nat
uarl
Ret
urns
Ind
ex
Regional Index
Umatilla
*Index includes all of John Day, Yakima and Warm Springs
Umatilla Naturally Produced Steelhead
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
De
via
tio
n F
rom
Re
gio
na
l Tre
nd
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
% H
atc
he
ry o
f N
atu
ral S
pa
wn
ers
Deviation from Regional Index
% Hatchery Spawners
Conclusions• Population productivity per wild
spawner was not measurably affected by hatchery spawners
• Trends in abundance of Mid-Columbia steelhead are driven by factors common to all populations
• Hatchery strays do not fully mix with wild fish and produce fewer recruits
• Hatchery strays should be treated as a separate population when estimating stock recruitment parameters
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