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Speech and Language Development
Preschool YearsPresented By: Shawna Marcus, Dawn Ibbs, Jennifer Reynoso, Kimmy Phillips, Michelle Steneck
-AGENDA- Participants will
familiarize themselves with:
• The difference between speech and language
• Ages and Stages• Activities to help your child at
home
Language vs. Speech
Language is made up of socially shared rules that include:
• What words mean• How to make new words • How to put words together• What word combinations are best in
what situations
Speech: The actual act of producing the sounds
Language is made up of socially shared rules
Types of Language:
• Receptive Language- How the child understands and processes what is being said to them.
• Expressive Language- How the child shares thoughts, ideas, and feelings using speech.
By age: 3 yearsReceptive
Language:
• Understands verbs in pictures (sleep, eat, drink).
• Follows two requests ("Get the book and put it on the table").
• Begins to understand basic what and where questions.
Expressive Language:
• Has a label for familiar items.
• Uses two- or three- words to talk about and ask for things.
• Asks for/directs attention to objects by naming them.
• 50-75% of speech is understood.
What can I do to help? 2-3 year olds
• Use clear, simple speech that is easy to imitate.
• Show interest, repeat what the child has said and expand on it.
• Ask the child to repeat things that you do not understand and model correct production.
• Expand on the child's vocabulary by reading books with simple sentences.
• Name objects and describe the pictures in books, stating synonyms for familiar words.
Pop Quiz
• A child is 2 ½ years old and we only understand half of what he is saying. Is this normal?
Answer: YES! At this age, their speech is typically between 50-75% understandable.
By age: 4 years
Receptive Language:
• Understands basic "who?", "what?", "where?" questions.
• Understands basic color/size words
• Identifies parts of an object, i.e., “tail of the dog”, “door of the car”
• Understands negation
“no”, “not”
Expressive Language:
• Begins to ask what, where and some why questions.
• Uses sentences with 3-5 words.
• You can understand 80% of their speech.
What can I do to help? 3-4 years
• Make silly pictures and help the child explain what is silly about the picture.
• Sort pictures and items into categories, increase the challenge by asking the child to point out what is different
• Expand vocabulary and the length of the child's utterances by: reading, singing, saying rhymes, talking about the surrounding environment
What can I do to help? 3-4 years (cont.)
• Read books that have a simple plot, talk about and reenact the story with the child.
• Look at family pictures; have the child explain what is happening.– Take turns asking questions about each
picture.
• Expand on social communication and storytelling skills by "acting out" everyday activities. – Ask the child to repeat what they said if
you do not understand.
http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/chart.htm
Pop Quiz
• Timmy is 4 years old and speaks in 4 word sentences is this typical?
Answer: Yes! Typically developing 4 year olds use sentences with 3-5 words.
Normal Disfluencies
• Stuttering is common in children between the ages of 2 and 5.
• During their preschool years children are rapidly acquiring language and speech sounds.
• A child acquires receptive concepts before expressive concepts often leading to the child knowing what they want, but not how to express it.
• Many children will begin to display characteristics of disfluencies, as the child's speech and language improve, the child's disfluencies improve.
Zebrowski & Kelly, 2002
Pop Quiz
• Tammy is 4 years old and her grandmother doesn’t understand 100% of what she says. Is she delayed in her speech?
Answer: No, but grandma should understand around 80% of what she says.
Works Cited
• Tidmore, Sarah “A Preschool Teacher’s Guide to Speech and Language Intervention”. KidWorks Therapy Service
www.kidworkstherapy.com/PresentationHandouts.ppt
• Guitar,Barry Ph.D., University of Vermont, Edward G. Conture, Ph.D., Vanderbilt University. “7 Tips for Talking with Your Child.” The Stuttering Foundation. April 2008. Stuttering Foundation of America. http://www.stutteringhelp.org/Default.aspx?tabid=632
• “How Does Your Child Hear and Talk?” American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 02 June 2010. <http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/chart.htm>
• Shipley, Kenneth G., Julie G. McAfee. Assessment in Speech-Language Pathology: A Resource Manual Second Edition. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group, 1998.
• Templeton, 1957; Wellman et al., 1931, in Sanders- Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1973.
• “What is Language? What is Speech?” American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 02 June 2010. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/language_speech.htm)
• Zebrowski, Patricia M., Ellen M. Kelly. Manual of Stuttering Intervention. Clifton Park: Singular Publishing Group, 2002.
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