Starting RDA Implementation in Arabic Libraries Issues and Considerations Iman Khairy Senior...

Starting RDA Implementation in Arabic Libraries

Issues and Considerations

Starting RDA Implementation in Arabic Libraries

Issues and Considerations

Iman KhairySenior Cataloging Librarian

Qatar National LibraryQatar Foundation

iweheba@qf.org.qa

Millennium MENA-IUG ConferenceDoha, Qatar

November 18-21, 2013

OutlineOutline

• General Overview of RDA• AACR2-RDA Comparisons• Implementation Plan• Conclusion

General Overview of RDAGeneral Overview of RDA• What is RDA?• Why RDA?• What’s wrong with AACR?• Who are the developers of RDA?• Historical Background• Preparing for RDA

AACR2-RDA ComparisonAACR2-RDA Comparison• Things that stay the same• Some changes to know about• Things that are different• Rules affecting Arabic cataloging• AACR2 vs. RDA/FRBR and ILS

Implementation PlanImplementation Plan• When?• Budget?• Training?• Cataloging data changes?• ILS changes?

What is RDA?What is RDA?

• RDA stands for: Resource Description and Access

• New cataloging standard that will replace AACR2

• Data content standard, not a display or encoding standard

• Intended to be more international and less Anglo centric

What is RDA?What is RDA?• Based on FRBR (Functional

Requirements for Bibliographic Records) and FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Records)

• RDA can be used with MARC, but is structured to work with other data formats such as Dublin Core

Why RDA?Why RDA?

• New Formats and Types• Designed for Online Environment• To Be More International• Change of Users’ Expectations

What’s wrong with AACR ?What’s wrong with AACR ?

• Lack of logical structure • Mixing content and carrier data

• (manuscript on microform, map on DVD, etc.)

• Hierarchical relationships missing • Anglo-American centric • Written before FRBR • Not enough support for collocation • Before Internet, metadata and

digital environment

Based on slide from Barbara B. Tillett, Univ. of Florence

Who are the developers of RDA?Who are the developers of RDA?Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA (JSC):

• Australian Committee on Cataloguing (ACOC)• American Library Association (ALA)• British Library (BL)• Canadian Committee on Cataloguing (CCC)• Chartered Institute of Library and Information

Professionals (CILIP) • Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (DNB)• Library of Congress (LC)

Historical BackgroundHistorical Background• 1997: International Conference on

the Principles & Future Development of AACR, Toronto

• 1998: FRBR Published by IFLA • 2002-2004: Work on new

standards AACR3• 2005: AACR3 developed to be

RDA

Historical BackgroundHistorical Background

• 2006-2007: community reviews of draft portions of RDA

• More drafts and revisions on RDA • June 22, 2010: Public release of

RDA Toolkit• July 1st 2010 – Dec. 2010: Training,

Testing; creating records • January 1 – March 31, 2011:

analysis and evaluation

Historical BackgroundHistorical Background• June 2011: Big RDA

announcement• (postpone implementation, no sooner

than January 2013)

• 2011-2012: LC RDA Training• Conducted by Program for

Cooperative Cataloging (PCC)

• March 31, 2013: RDA Implementation

• LC and LC’s partner national libraries

Preparing for RDAPreparing for RDA

Glossary RDA Toolkit

Rules & Guidelines Resources

Training

Frequently Used TerminologyFrequently Used Terminology

WEMI: Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item

FRBR/FRADEntitiesAttributesRelationships

RDA ToolkitLC-PCC PS

Core Elements

CoreCore if

RDA Terminology ChangesRDA Terminology Changes

• Access point (not added entry)• Authorized access point (Not main entry or

headings)• Variant access points (not see references)• Authorized access point for related entity (not

see also references)• Preferred title for a work (not uniform title)• Creator (not author)• Preferred access point (not heading)• Carrier description (not physical description) • Preferred sources (not chief source)

RDA ToolkitRDA Toolkit• Available online for subscription• Available through Cataloger’s

Desktop• RDA printDuring 2013, release of the first RDA Print accumulation that will include the RDA updates and reworded RDA chapters released to date.

• Translations: Chinese, French, German, and Spanish

• Arabic translation (under negotiations)

RDA ToolkitRDA Toolkit• RDA: Organized according to entities

and relationships. No chapters for formats

• Overall structure:• Sections 1-4: Recording attributes of

elements• Sections 5-10: Recording relationships

between elements• Appendices A –M (Capitalization,

Abbreviations, etc.)

• Glossary

RDA ToolkitRDA Toolkit• Includes:

• Workflows and other procedural documentation

• Mappings of RDA to different schemas, including MARC 21

• Full text of AACR2 • Library of Congress-Program for

Cooperative Cataloging Policy Statements (LC-PCC PSs = the successor of LCRI)

• MARC Record Examples of RDA Cataloging

RDA ToolkitRDA ToolkitRDA tab >> browse the RDA text

RDA ToolkitRDA ToolkitTools tab >> links to MARC 21 & more

RDA ToolkitRDA ToolkitResources tab >> full text of AACR2, links to RDA and more

Resource URL

RDA Toolkit

http://www.rdatoolkit.org/

LC (RDA) http://www.loc.gov/aba/rda

JSC & RDA

http://www.rda-jsc.org/rdafaq.html

RDA & MARC

http://www.loc.gov/marc/RDAinMARC29.html

Text of FRBR

http://www.ifla.org/publications/functional-requirements-for-bibliographic-records

MARC Changesto RDA

http://www.loc.gov/marc/formatchanges-RDA.html

Resource URL

RDA and OCLC

http://www.oclc.org/rda/about.htm

RDA in NACO Training

http://www.loc.gov/catworkshop/courses/rda_naco/course%20table.html

DCMZ1 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/dcmz1.pdfMARC 21 encoding to accommodate new RDA elements 046 and 3XX

http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/rda/PCC%20RDA%20guidelines/RDA%20in%20NARs-SARs_PCC.pdf

MARC 21 Format for Authority Data

http://www.loc.gov/marc/authority/

LC-PCC PSs http://www.loc.gov/aba/rda/lcps_access.html

  RDA Train-the-Trainer

http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/rda/trainthetrainer.html

RDA Training ResourcesRDA Training Resources• Comprehensive List of RDA Training

Resources, categorized by types of formats and librarian specializations is available at:

• "RDA Resources." CARLI - Consortium of Academic and Research Libraries in Illinois. http://www.carli.illinois.edu/mem-prod/i-share/cat/rda-resources

(accessed February 19, 2013)

AACR2-RDA ComparisonAACR2-RDA Comparison• Things that Stay the Same:

–RDA is designed to be backward compatible with AACR2

• RDA will be implemented using the MARC21 format

–RDA will work with your Integrated Library System (ILS)

AACR2-RDA ComparisonAACR2-RDA Comparison• Some Changes to Know About:

–RDA uses fewer abbreviations than AACR2

– Changes to Bible headings– Rule of Three– Overview of New MARC Fields

Fixed fields

New MARC Fields

AACR2-RDA Comparison

Variable fields

New MARC Fields

AACR2-RDA Comparison

New MARC Fields

AACR2-RDA Comparison

New MARC Fields

AACR2-RDA Comparison

New MARC Fields

AACR2-RDA Comparison

New MARC Fields

MARC Fields for Content (336), Media (337), and Carrier (338)

Types

AACR2-RDA Comparison

New MARC Fields

AACR2-RDA Comparison

• Things that are different:– RDA is based on conceptual models

for library data (FRBR and FRAD)– RDA is designed to be used as an

online product (RDA Toolkit)– RDA hopes to make it possible to

move library data onto the Semantic Web and support the use of Linked-Data (Linked-Metadata)

AACR2-RDA ComparisonAACR2-RDA Comparison

FRBR Groups FRBR/FRAD Entities

RDA

Group 1 (Primary) [resources]Products of intellectual or artistic endeavors

Work Section 2: Attributes of Work and ExpressionExpression

Manifestation Section 1: Attributes of Manifestation and ItemItem

Group 2[Creators+]Those responsible for producing Group 1 entities and more

Person Section 3: Attributes of Person, Family, and Corporate Body

Family

Corporate Body

Group 3[Subjects]Subjects of intellectual or artistic endeavors

Concept Section 4: Attributes of Concept, Object, Event, and Place

Object

Event

Place

(All Group 1 & 2 Entities)

RDA (FRBR and FRAD)RDA (FRBR and FRAD)

RDA (FRBR and FRAD)RDA (FRBR and FRAD)FRBR User Tasks (Searching for information resources):• Find—to find resources that correspond to the

user’s stated search criteria• Identify—to confirm that the resource described

corresponds to the resource sought, or to distinguish between two or more resources with similar characteristics

• Select—to select a resource that is appropriate to the user’s needs

• Obtain—to acquire or access the resource described.

RDA (FRBR and FRAD)RDA (FRBR and FRAD)

FRAD user tasks

• Find• Identify• Contextualize• Justify

Principles to achieve FRAD user tasks• Differentiate• Represent• Language preference• Common usage

RDA 4 principles for persons, families, and corporate bodies are meant to meet the FRAD user tasks, they are: find, identify, understand the relationship, and understand why a name has been recorded. They are covered in RDA 8.2.

RDA and the Semantic WebRDA and the Semantic WebRDA as RDF/XML Vocabulary

RDA and the Semantic WebRDA and the Semantic WebRDA as RDF/RDF Vocabulary

MARC 21 Transition (Bib-Frame)MARC 21 Transition (Bib-Frame)The BIBFRAME is an undertaking by the Library of Congress and the community to better accommodate future needs of the library community. A major focus of the initiative will be to determine a transition path for the MARC 21 exchange format to more

Web based, Linked Data standards.

Zepheira and The Library of Congress are working together to develop a Linked Data model, vocabulary and enabling tools /

services for supporting this Initiative .http://bibframe.org

•

MARC21 as BIBFRAME Resources (RDF/XML)

MARC21 as BIBFRAME Resources (RDF/XML)

RDA and Linked-DataRDA and Linked-DataLinked-Data: Linked Data is a methodology for providing relationships between things (data, concepts and documents) anywhere on the web, using URI’s for identifying, RDF/XML for describing, HTTP for publishing these things and relationships in a way that they can be interpreted and used by humans and software.

Linked-Data in LibrariesLinked-Data in Libraries• Linked-Metadata?

– The “linked-metadata” can also use a cross-referenced URIs in the metadata records as the linking mechanisms for linking metadata elements (names, subject or bibliographic data) across multiple library systems.

Linked-Data in LibrariesLinked-Data in LibrariesLC authority record with LCCN Permalink

Linked-Data in LibrariesLinked-Data in Libraries• Examples of international linked-

data projects:– OCLC WorldCat.org Bibliographic Linked

Data Project www.worldcat.org– Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

www.viaf.org – LCSH Multilingual Linked-Data Project

http://id.loc.gov

Linked-Data in LibrariesLinked-Data in Libraries

Linked Data in WorldCat.org

Links to VIAF

Links to BIBALEX

Linked-Data in LibrariesLinked-Data in Libraries

VIAF Linked-Authorities

Linked-Data in LibrariesLinked-Data in LibrariesAdvantages of linked data• Building virtual collections• Standards independent• Richer user experienceChallenges of linked data• Provenance, governance and sustainability

issues• Quality of interlinked data• Developing a workable framework, systems

and standards• Needs robust infrastructure not available to

every library

Rules affecting Arabic catalogingRules affecting Arabic cataloging• New better rules for Arabic

cataloging:–Qur’an will be used instead of

Koran–Titles such as Imam can be

added (9.4.1.8 Other Persons of Religious Vocation)

–Adding professions or occupations for names differentiation (9.19.1.6 Profession or Occupation)

Rules affecting Arabic catalogingQur’an will be used instead of Koran

Rules affecting Arabic catalogingRules affecting Arabic cataloging9.19.1.6 Profession or Occupation

Add a term indicating the class of persons engaged in the profession or occupation of the person (see 9.16), if needed to distinguish one access point from another. Make this addition when the following elements are not available:• date of birth and/or death (see 9.19.1.3)

or• fuller form of name (see 9.19.1.4)

or• period of activity of the person (see 9.19.1.5).

Rules affecting Arabic catalogingRules affecting Arabic cataloging• Rules that need to be

discussed–Dates in both Gregorian and Hijri

calendars–Titles beginning with “Kitab”

Rules affecting Arabic catalogingRules affecting Arabic catalogingDates in both Gregorian and Hijri calendars

Rules affecting Arabic catalogingRules affecting Arabic catalogingDates in both Gregorian and Hijri calendars

0.11.4 Dates

Dates recorded in specified elements are transcribed in the form in which they appear on the source of information from which the data are taken. However, allowance is made for recording the data in the form preferred by the agency creating the data, either as a substitute for or in addition to the data in the original form.

Rules affecting Arabic catalogingRules affecting Arabic catalogingRecording dates in Arabic script numerals (Indian numerals)0.11.4 Dates

Dates appearing in certain other specified elements are also generally recorded in the form in which they appear on the source of information from which the data are taken. However, allowance is made for substituting equivalent numerals in the script preferred by the agency creating the data.

Rules affecting Arabic catalogingRules affecting Arabic cataloging• Questions about (0.11.4 Dates)

– Does it allow s to record both the Gregorian and Hijri dates if both are available?

– Does it also allow us to record dates in Arabic script numerals (Indian numerals) that matches Arabic language right to left directionality?

– Do we need to add this as a local practice?

Rules affecting Arabic catalogingRules affecting Arabic cataloging“The answer is yes, of course, if the cataloging agency prefers Hijri, and the date on the resource is not from that calendar, it can be added; or if the date is on the piece as Hijri, then it is transcribed for date of publication, etc. Local practice would reflect what the cataloging agency prefers for situations in RDA that say to follow what the cataloging agency prefers.”– Email from Dr. Barbara Tillett (Chair, Joint

Steering Committee for Development of RDA)

Rules affecting Arabic catalogingRules affecting Arabic catalogingThis allowance was already the practice in AACR2 0.11.4 Dates

Allowance is also made for adding dates in the Gregorian or Julian calendar if the data on the source of information are not in that form.

Ex. 1429 [2008 or 2009]

Rules affecting Arabic catalogingRules affecting Arabic cataloging• Titles beginning with “Kitab” 100 Biruni, Muhammad ibn Ahmad, 973?-1048.

Saydanah fi al-tibb

400 Biruni, Muhammad ibn Ahmad, 973?-1048. Kitab al-Saydanah fi al-tibb

670 Biruni, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Kitab al-Saydanah fi al-tibb, 1991

In the above NAR there is no other work cited in 670 without the word Kitab

Rules affecting Arabic catalogingRules affecting Arabic cataloging• Titles beginning with “Kitab”

Should we submit a proposal to add Kitab as the instruction below given for Sefer?

Hebraica Cataloging, notes on LCRI 21.30J“If all an author's works begin with the word "Sefer", then no name/title authority records are needed. If the word "Sefer" does not appear on all an author's works, then a name authority record is made for each title that does use "Sefer" and the appropriate, specific reference is made.”

AACR2 Vs. RDA/FRBR and ILSAACR2 Vs. RDA/FRBR and ILSBetter Collocation of Bibliographic Data based on RDA/FRBR

AACR2 vs. RDA/FRBR and ILSAACR2 vs. RDA/FRBR and ILSBetter Collocation of Bibliographic Data based on RDA/FRBR

AACR2 vs. RDA/FRBR and ILSAACR2 vs. RDA/FRBR and ILSBibliotheca Alexandrina Started Using VTLS-FRBR Module

Implementation PlanImplementation Plan• When?The decision will depend on factors such as: First, When the Library ILS will be upgraded to accommodate RDA and MARC changes?

Second, When the suppliers of the MARC records (e.g., book vendors) will provide RDA-based cataloging records?

Third, the library may wish to defer decisions on RDA until after the national libraries start the actual RDA implementation.

Implementation PlanImplementation Plan• Budget?Budgeting and purchase decisions for RDA Toolkit, training and other costs.

• Training?Identifying training needs and training levels.

Cataloging data changes?

Retrospective changes (programmatically or manually)

Implementation PlanImplementation Plan• ILS changes?

• RDA and MARC changes impact on the ILS (the Client and OPAC)

• Indexing, searching and displaying of new MARC fields

• Display of GMDs and the new MARC fields for Content, Carrier, and Media types

• Display of tag 264 with split of publisher, distributor, producer, copyright roles

• Are OPAC displays intuitive for the users? If not, can we make changes to improve the situation?

Implementation PlanImplementation PlanDisplaying GMDs in GUI Icons

Implementation PlanImplementation PlanDisplaying GMDs as faceted representation Icons

Implementation PlanImplementation PlanDisplaying MARC fields for Content, Media and Carrier Types as entered in bibliographic records

Implementation PlanImplementation Plan• ILS changes?

• Display of multiple 264 fields

Provide different labels based on the second indicator value:• 264 _0 = Production• 264 _1 = Publisher• 264 _2 = Distributor• 264 _3 = Manufacturer• 264 _4 = Copyright

Implementation PlanImplementation PlanDisplaying Multiple 264 Fields

ConclusionConclusion“Don’t panic.” While much of RDA

is brand new and points toward a different future for cataloging, there is also much that is familiar to those used to working with AACR2 and MARC 21. It is important for us to know that RDA will be implemented in stages. The first stage is upon us and has been designed to be less disruptive than we may think.

ResourcesResources• Bell, Joyce. 2012. “RDA Authorities.”

[PowerPoint slides]. https://sites.google.com/site/melacataloging/resources/rda

(accessed February 28, 2013]

• Biella, Joan. 2012. “RDA and Bibliographic Description.” [PowerPoint slides]. https://sites.google.com/site/melacataloging/resources/rda

(accessed February 28, 2013]

ResourcesResources• Dagher, Iman. 2012. Getting Ready for RDA.

[PowerPoint slides]. https://sites.google.com/site/melacataloging/resources/rda

(accessed February 28, 2013]

• Hart, Amy. 2010. "Getting Ready for RDA: What You Need to Know". Library Media Connection. 29 (2): 30-32.

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Questions?Questions?

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Thank youThank you

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