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INTRODUCTION: STEPWELL
What is a Step-well?
Why do we need them?
What are their types?
How can we revive them functionally and culturally?
WORLD RESOURCES FORUM CHAND BAORI
STEPWELL • Subterranean water-
related monument. • A descending
stairwell leading downward from the ground level to the water level.
2000 B.C 1000 B.C 650 B.C 600 B.C 0 A.D 250 A.D
TIMELINE OF MILEESTONES AND CIVILIZATIONS: INDIA
NEED OF THIS STUDY
Fig. Total number of foreign visitors in selected countries from 1999 to 2011 (In case of Denmark and Bangladesh data are only available till 2010) Lord Vishnu from Hindu Mythology MAIN DRAIN
Indus Valley Civilization WORLD RESOURCES FORUM
Sno.
Location Name Image Dynasty Period Function Remarks
Before Now
1. Patan, Gujarat
Rani-ki-Vav
Bhimdev I (1022 -1063) CE
11th century Stepwell built in honour of deceased husband by Queen Udayamati
2. Satara, Maharashtra
Baramotichi Vihir
Not Available
17th century Accommodates the throne of the king that opens to two galleries to hold council meetings ;Looks like a dug-out shivling
3. Abhaneri, Rajasthan
Chand Baori
Nikumbha Dynasty
860 AD (9th century)
Opposite to temple of Harsha Mata, goddess of joy and happiness Jharokhas (windows) meant to house the royal family are present on one side of the stepwell
METHODOLOGY Literature Case Study: Stepwells of Western India
S.No.
Location Name Image Dynasty Period Function Remarks
Before Now
4. Mehrauli, Delhi
Gandhak-ki-Baoli
NA Period of Iltutmish (1210-1236) or the 13th century
Water is known to contain sulphur (Gandhak in Hindi) Contains water in Monsoon, Mosque located adjacent.
5. Khandagiri and Udaygiri Jain temple and caves, Odisha
Rock-cut Step-well
NA 10th century AD Probably used as a resting place for Buddhist and Jain monks.
6. Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh
Bijamandal Temple Step-well
NA 8th century AD
Probably used as a resting place for Buddhist and Jain monks.
Sno.
Location Name Image Dynasty Period Function Remarks
Before Now
1. Hampi, Karnataka
Octagonal Bath
Vijayanagara Empire
14th century
Colonnade circumventing the bath; made of indigenous granite stone; no mortar used
2. Hampi, Karnataka
Stepped Tank
Vijayanagara Empire
14th century
Made of Black schist stone; in-situ construction
3. Hampi, Karnataka
Public Bath Vijayanagara Empire
14th century
Bath made up on approx. 5m. Raised platform; made of indigenous granite stone with
Materials and Methods
Primary Case Study:
Sno.
Location Name Image Dynasty Period Function Remarks
Before Now
4. Madurai, Tamil Nadu
Meenakshi Amman Temple
Naya Nayaka Dynasty
16th century
Water present in the stepwell in the temple enclosure; maybe used for washing hands and feet
5. Hampi, Karnataka
Stepwell adjacent to Hazara Rama temple
Vijayanagara Empire
14th century
Water present at the bottom; has become polluted with garbage accumulation
6. Hampi, Karnataka
Stepwell adjacent to Krishna Temple
Vijayanagara Empire
14th century
Made of indigenously available stone
RESULTS: TYPES OF STEPWELLS
WORLD RESOURCES FORUM
Based on
Function Drinking
Bathing
Travellers rest Royal
council meetings
Buddhist and Jain Monks
Typical South Indian Stepwell
Typical North Indian Stepwell
CONCLUSION: REVIVAL STRATEGIES
Parks
Haat Bazaar
Melas Religious Uses
Plazas
WORLD RESOURCES FORUM
Sarojini Nagar Market, New Delhi Sankey Tank , Bangalore
Typologies Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
Parks • Will act as the highlighted water feature • Will cool down temperature of its
surroundings • Scenic views
Will cause water-run-off from park to accumulate in the stepwell
• Can host forest retreats and park retreats with Indian cultural element
• Can be used to determine water table levels and thereby maintain them
• Can be used to irrigate park flora
• Lack of initial seed fund to establish landscape around the stepwell
• Lack of incorporation of indigenous flora in the park leading to degeneration
• Lack of improper landscape design
Melas • Will ensure maintenance • Provide employment to local
inhabitants • Improve social intermingling • Enhance income from sale of local
handicrafts
• Will increase waste generation • May prove dangerous for
children in crowded times
• Fortification of stepwells with guard rails for safety • Holding important cultural and festive events to
enhance socio-cultural identification of the people with the stepwell
• Generation of revenue from carnivals to maintain the stepwell
Lack of initial seed fund to clean the stepwell and set up stalls and amusement parks
Haat Bazaars (Traditional commercial centres)
Will ensure maintenance Provide employment to local inhabitants Improve social intermingling Enhance income from sale of local handicrafts
Will increase waste generation May prove dangerous for children in crowded times
Fortification of stepwells with guard rails for safety Holding important cultural and festive events to enhance socio-cultural identity Generation of revenue from commercial stalls to maintain the stepwell
Lack of initial seed fund to set up stalls and clean the stepwell
Plazas A cultural promenade for tourists and local inhabitants ending with a stepwell Open air amphitheater for light, sound and water shows Enhance income from sale of local handicrafts
Will increase waste generation May prove dangerous for children during crowded times Damage to the monument due to mishandling during shows
Fortification of stepwell with guard rails for safety Holding important cultural and festive events to enhance socio-cultural identity of people with the stepwell Generation of revenue from commercial stalls to maintainthe stepwell
Lack of initial seed fund to clean the stepwell and establish the cultural centre around it.
Religious Uses
Construction of temples to assert the sanctity of the monument To be used for cleaning rituals prior to entering the temple A gathering place for listening to sermons
Not inclusive of all the sects and religions of Indian society
An opportunity to create an inclusive gathering place for all religions centerd around the stepwell by construction of a Hindu temple, mosque and church etc. Improve communal harmony in India
Separatist attitudes in conflict with communal harmony
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