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Stream Features
Regents Earth Science
With Ms. Connery
Seasons
Greetings!
LAB 3 - How long is a Day? making time calculations!
SUNRISE SUNSET
W 10/29 06 :33 17:02
ESRT - What are the major streams of NYS and which
way do they flow??
Let’s draw a conceptual modelWhy are there streams?
• Runoff surface water
• Infiltration groundwater
• Streams are a combination of both
What factors determine whether water infiltrates or runs off the land surface to form a stream?
Characteristic HIGHINFILTRATION
LOW INFILTRATION
HIGH RUN-OFF
LOW RUN-OFF
GROUNDCOVER• VEGETATED
• PAVED
X
X X
X
SLOPE of the LAND (water speed)• STEEP SLOPE
• GENTLE SLOPE X
X X
X
SOIL PERMEABILITY• HIGH PERMEABILITY
• LOW PERMEABILITY
X
X X
X
SOIL SATURATION• SATURATED or VERY DRY
• MODERATE SATURATION X
X X
X
Key points…
What are some key erosional and depositional features of running water?
Where do we find different size sediments in a stream?
What are the ages of a stream and their characteristics?
In the stream speed lab
you mostly thought about
water levels causing
different speeds (like during
floods & droughts) but
there are other reasons for
speed change and erosion
and deposition!
Cut bank (erosion) and point bar (deposition)
Point Bar
If the speeds are different, what does the stream channel look like on straight-aways and curves?
What does the channel, erosion, and deposition look
like on a major river?
Using the stream table, you
should be able to describe
headwaters (source)
tributary
channel
flood plain
erosion zones
deposition zones
stream meanders
cut bank
point bar
undercutting
sediment sorting by
water speed
sediment sorting by
location (slope)
deltas
basin
mouth
braided streams
Oxbow lake, cut-offs, and flood plain of a meandering stream
Meandering Stream (it’s a
good oldstream)
Mississippi River Delta forms
Mississippi RiverDelta
Mississippi Delta
Alluvial fan
Braided stream in
alluvial fanat mouth of
river
Streams at different “ages” have different characteristics
YOUTHFUL MATURE-OLD STREAMS
• Steep gradient• Faster water• Waterfalls &
rapids• V-shape channel• Few floodplains• Straighter• Lots of erosion
• Gentle gradient• Slower water• Many tributaries• Meanders• Flatter & wider
channel• Floodplains• Lots of deposition
Youthful age stream
Youthful Stream Stage
Mature Stream Stage
Mature Stage stream –Susquehanna River
Rio Grande
Nile Riverfrom
Apollo 9
Old Age Stream
Mississippi River – Old Age Stage
TIGRIS - EUPHRATES RIVER
AMAZON RIVER
You know the speed of the
stream determines the
size of sediments that are moving or settling out of
the stream.
Speed of erosion & deposition relate to the speed of the water
CONDITION FAST WATER SLOW WATER
HIGH EROSION RATE
xLOW EROSION RATE
xHIGH DEPOSITION RATE
xLOW DEPOSITION RATE
x
The SEDIMENT also affects the rate of deposition in a stream.
What are some characteristics of sediment? Think back to the bucket of unsorted sediments!
Lab 7 – Journey’s EndHow does sediment settle?
OBJECTIVES
Collect and analyze settling rate data for various
sediments
Apply this analysis to the real world where
erosion and deposition occur along streams
REMEMBERyou can only change one thing at a time when you
write your procedure
Settling Rate vs. Settling Time Graphs
VERTICAL SORTING of sediments during DEPOSITION
Horizontal sorting, deposition, and water speed
Draw horizontal sorting
(based on water speed and hill slope)
Key points…
What are some key erosional and depositional features of running water?
Where do find different size sediments in a stream?
What are the ages of a stream and their characteristics?
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