structure,pointerandstring

Reshma Raju

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STRUCTURE, POINTER AND STRING

Disclaimer: This presentation is prepared by trainees ofbaabtra as a part of mentoring program. This is not officialdocument of baabtra –Mentoring PartnerBaabtra-Mentoring Partner is the mentoring division of baabte System Technologies Pvt . Ltd

STRUCTURE

• Structure is a collection of different data type which are

grouped and each element in c structure is called members.

• Structure help to construct a complex data type in more

meaningful.

• It is similar to an array. The only difference is that array is

used to store collection of similar data type, but structure can

store collection of any type of data.

Syntax of structure

struct structure_name

{

data_type member1;

data_type member2;

.

.

data_type memeber;

};

Example for structure#include <stdio.h>

struct student

{

char name[50];

int roll;

float marks;

};

int main()

{

struct student s;

printf("Enter information of students:\n\n");

printf("Enter name: ");

scanf("%s",s.name);

printf("Enter roll number: ");

scanf("%d",&s.roll);

printf("Enter marks: ");

scanf("%f",&s.marks);

printf("\nDisplaying Information\n");

printf("Name: %s\n",s.name);

printf("Roll: %d\n",s.roll);

printf("Marks: %.2f\n",s.marks);

return 0;

}

OUTPUT

Enter information of students:

Enter name: Anu

Enter roll number: 1

Enter marks: 852

Displaying Information

Name: Anu

Roll: 1

Marks: 852

POINTER• Pointer is a user defined data type which creates special types

of variables which can hold the address of primitive data type

like char, int, float, double or user defined data type like

function, pointer etc. or derived data type like array, structure

etc.

• The general form of a pointer variable declaration is:

type *var-name;

NULL POINTER

• It is always a good practice to assign a NULL value to a

pointer variable in case you do not have exact address to be

assigned. This is done at the time of variable declaration.

• A pointer that is assigned NULL is called a null pointer.

• The NULL pointer is a constant with a value of zero defined in

several standard libraries

Example for pointer#include <stdio.h>

int main ()

{

int var = 20; // actual variable declaration

int *ip; // pointer variable declaration

ip = &var; // store address of var in pointer variable

printf("Address of var variable: %x\n", &var );

printf("Address stored in ip variable: %x\n", ip ); // address stored in pointer variable

printf("Value of *ip variable: %d\n", *ip ); // access the value using the pointer

return 0;

}

OUTPUT

Address of var variable: 28ff18

Address stored in ip variable: 28ff18

Value of *ip variable: 20

STRING• The string in C programming language is actually a one-

dimensional array of characters which is terminated by

a null character '\0'.

• Thus a null-terminated string contains the characters that

comprise the string followed by a null.

• The length of the string is the number of character + one

( null character )

Functions & purpose of string

S.N

.

Function & Purpose

1 strcpy(s1, s2);

Copies string s2 into string s1.

2 strcat(s1, s2);

Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1.

3 strlen(s1);

Returns the length of string s1.

4 strcmp(s1, s2);

Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same; less than 0 if s1<s2; greater than 0 if s1>s2.

5 strchr(s1, ch);

Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in string s1.

6 strstr(s1, s2);

Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string s2 in string s1.

Example for string#include <stdio.h> OUTPUT

#include <string.h> strcpy( str3, str1) : Hello

int main () strcat( str1, str2): HelloWorld

{ strlen(str1) : 10

char str1[12] = "Hello";

char str2[12] = "World";

char str3[12];

int len ;

strcpy(str3, str1); // copy str1 into str3

printf("strcpy( str3, str1) : %s\n", str3 );

strcat( str1, str2); // concatenates str1 and str2

printf("strcat( str1, str2): %s\n", str1 );

len = strlen(str1); // total lenghth of str1 after concatenation

printf("strlen(str1) : %d\n", len );

return 0;

}

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