Succinic Acid, Biodiesel and Bio ---Syngas Syngas Syngas

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 1

Succinic Acid, Biodiesel and BioSuccinic Acid, Biodiesel and BioSuccinic Acid, Biodiesel and BioSuccinic Acid, Biodiesel and Bio----Syngas Syngas Syngas Syngas ––––

Building Blocks for Biorefineries Building Blocks for Biorefineries Building Blocks for Biorefineries Building Blocks for Biorefineries

Dr. Stephan Kabasci

Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safetyand Energy Technology UMSICHTBusiness Unit Manager »Renewable Resources«

stephan.kabasci@umsicht.fraunhofer.de

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 » Biorefineries«

National German Workshop on Biorefineries

Worms, 15.09.2009

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 2

Agenda

1. Introduction

2. Succinic acid

3. Biodiesel

4. Bio-Syngas

5. Summary

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 3

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft at a glance

Karlsruhe

DarmstadtWürzburg

Jena

Stuttgart

Duisburg

Oberhausen

Nuthetal

Dortmund

Oberpfaffenhofen

München

Saarbrücken

St. Ingbert

Erfurt

Magdeburg

Halle

Dresden

Leipzig

Ilmenau

Cottbus

Braunschweig

Berlin

PotsdamTeltow

Aachen

Schmallenberg

Sankt Augustin

Erlangen

FürthNürnberg

Freising

Holzkirchen

Pfinztal

Freiburg

Efringen-Kirchen

RostockItzehoe

Hannover

Bremen

Euskirchen Chemnitz

WertheimKaiserslautern

Schkopau

Paderborn

58 institutes 1.5 billion € budget 15 000 employees

Fraunhofer UMSICHT

� Networks: Energy, SusWater

Alliances and networks

� Microelectronics

� Production

� Materials and components

� Life sciences

� Information and communication technology

� Surface technology and photonics

� Defense and security

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 4

Fraunhofer UMSICHT at a glance

Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology

Four Key Research Areas

� Biorefinery

Products from Renewable Resources

� Matfunc

Structured and Functionalized Materials

� Modular Energy Technologies

Flexible Solutions for Sustainable Energy Systems

� Information Networks for Process and Energy Technology

Utilization of Dispersed Know-how in Value Chains

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 5

Biorefineries at a glance

� »Biorefinery is an overall concept of a processing

plant where biomass feedstocks are converted and

extracted into a spectrum of valuable products.«

(US-DoE, E3 Handbook, 2000)

� Biorefinery concepts should fit to regional biomass

production characteristics

���� decentralized production systems

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 6

Agenda

1. Introduction

2. Succinic acid

3. Biodiesel

4. Bio-Syngas

5. Summary

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 7

Succinic acid = C4H6O4 = dicarboxylic acid

� Succinic acid can be produced from renewable resources by fermentation under consumption of carbon dioxide

� Succinic acid is a bifunctional molecule, that can be converted to:

� Monomers for high value polymers (polyamides, polyesters)

� Specialty chemicals and environmentally friendly solvents

OHOH

O

O

Succinic acid – Platform for chemicals and polymers

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 8

Succinic acid – Process chain

Renewable

resources

Platform

Succinic acid

Solvents

THF����-ButyrolactoneDialkylsuccinates

Intermediates

Succinic acidanhydrideSuccinodintrile

Polyester 44

Polyamide 44

Fermentation

Monomers

1,4-Diamino-butane

1,4-Butanediol

Research group funded by the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agri-culture and Consumer Protection and the FNR (Agency for Renewable Resources)

BMELV/FNR, FKZ 22024905

OHOH

O

O

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 9

Succinic acid – Fermentation

Renewable

resources

Platform

Succinic acid

Fermentation

OHOH

O

O

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700

5

10

15

20

25 Standard 11 g/l Saccharose 17 g/l Saccharose 23 g/l Saccharose

Nat

ronl

auge

(5

M)

[ml]

Zeit [h]

Standard 11 17 2350

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

Aus

beut

e (g

/g)

[%]

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IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 10

Succinic acid – Esterification

Platform

Succinic acid

Diethylsuccinate

OHOH

O

O

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

CAT 1 (0,2 w/w) CAT 2 (0,2 w/w) CAT 3 (0,2 w/w) CAT 4 (0,2w/w)

Diethyl succinateDiethyl succinateDiethyl succinateDiethyl succinate

Monoethyl succinateMonoethyl succinateMonoethyl succinateMonoethyl succinateSuccinic acidSuccinic acidSuccinic acidSuccinic acid

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© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 11

Succinic acid – Polymerization

Polyamide 44

Monomers

1,4-Diamino-butane

1,4-Butanediol

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 12

Agenda

1. Introduction

2. Succinic acid

3. Biodiesel

4. Bio-Syngas

5. Summary

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 13

� Fats and oils are an important renewable reseource

� Transesterification process necessary (energy, waste)

� Objective: Improvement of competitiveness

� facilitating downstream processing

� accelerating reaction rate

� increasing ester yield

� addressing feedstock variabilty

Novel catalysts

Biodiesel – Novel production process

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 14

H2N NH3+

NH

H2N NH3+

NH-O O-

O

Biodiesel – Guanidine-carbonate (G2C process)

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

time / minutes

FA

ME

/TG

in F

AM

E /

wt.-

%

0

5

10

15

20

PG

in F

AM

E /

wt.-

%

FAMETriglyceridesMonoglyceridesDiglyceridesGlycerine

15.09.2009

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IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 15

� FAME-content > 95 wt.-% in only one reaction step

� Short reaction times

� No soap formation

� simpler and faster phase separation

� reduction of washing water

� Facilitated downstream processing

� Higher tolerance to fatty acids

� Tremendous new glycerol quality

� no inorganic salt contents

� no purification required prior to use as

raw material for fermentation (lactic acid,

succinic acid, propanediol etc.)

Biodiesel – Advantages of the G2C-process

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 16

Agenda

1. Introduction

2. Succinic acid

3. Biodiesel

4. Bio-Syngas

5. Summary

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 17

Bio-Syngas – General process scheme

Raw Syngas

H2/CO = 1.20

Upgraded Syngas

H2/CO = 1.7 ... 2.0

Gasification

Dust filter

Tar removal

S-removal

CO-Shift

CO2-rem.

Biomass

Oxygen

SyngasHeat

utilization10 bar 30 bar

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 18

Bio-Syngas – Reaction overview

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 19

Bio-Syngas – Ethanol synthesis

3 H3 H3 H3 H2222 + 3 CO + 3 CO + 3 CO + 3 CO � CHCHCHCH3333----CHCHCHCH2222----OH + COOH + COOH + COOH + CO2222

Reaction conditions: T ca. 275 ºC, p ca. 100 bar (Lit.)

Selectivity: 75%

STY = 320 kgethanol/Nm3catalyst ·h

Heterogeneous catalysts

Research agenda: Syngas purity, esp. N2, CO2

Choice of catalyst, p, T

Selectivity optimization

Mixed alcohols C1 - C4 as fuel

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 20

Bio-Syngas – Economics of ethanol synthesis

Plant size 100 000 t/a

Investment

Pulp.&Ferm. 264 Mio €

Syngas 180 Mio €

Biomass 50 €/t (db)

Production cost

Pulp.&Ferm. 0,85 €/l

Syngas 0,44 €/l 0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Biomass price [€/Mg] dry basis

Eth

anol

cos

t pr

ice

[€/l]

via Pulping & Fermentationvia Gasification and Synthesis

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 21

Agenda

1. Introduction

2. Succinic acid

3. Biodiesel

4. Bio-Syngas

5. Summary

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 22

� Biorefinery is the concept of intelligent biomass utilization – not a single technology or plant layout

� Different processes and products will be suitable for different regional conditions

� Fraunhofer UMSICHT is working on succinic acid, biodiesel and bio-syngas processing

� Further development in key technologies (catalysis, biotechnology, downstream processing, process integration …) is necessary

� Agricultural production system and logistics have to be integrated

� New concepts should be examined by LCA

Concluding remarks

15.09.2009

© Fraunhofer UMSICHT

IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009

No. 23

Succinic Acid, Biodiesel and BioSuccinic Acid, Biodiesel and BioSuccinic Acid, Biodiesel and BioSuccinic Acid, Biodiesel and Bio----Syngas Syngas Syngas Syngas ––––

Building Blocks for Biorefineries Building Blocks for Biorefineries Building Blocks for Biorefineries Building Blocks for Biorefineries

Dr. Stephan Kabasci

Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safetyand Energy Technology UMSICHTBusiness Unit Manager »Renewable Resources«

stephan.kabasci@umsicht.fraunhofer.de

Thank you for attentionThank you for attentionThank you for attentionThank you for attention

Bei Fragen wenden Sie sich bitte an:Fraunhofer-Institut für Umwelt-, Sicherheits- und Energietechnik UMSICHTDr.-Ing. Hartmut PflaumLeiter Marketing, Kommunikation, UnternehmensplanungOsterfelder Straße 346047 OberhausenTel.: 0208-8598-1171E-Mail: hartmut.pflaum@umsicht.fraunhofer.de

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