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www.eera-set.eu
EERA is an official part of the EU SET-Plan.http://setis.ec.europa.eu/
Putting the hydrogen into hybridization
Summary of the Joint WorkshopJPs Fuel Cells & Hydrogen and Energy Storage
Stephen McPhail (ENEA) – Coordinator of the Joint Programme FCH
Rome8 November 2019
Key topics today
Putting the hydrogen into hybridization – JP FCH and ES 5 November 2019, Rome
• 2050 & the role of Hydrogen: opportunity and sustainability
• Fuel Cells, Hydrogen and Energy storage: synergies and interfaces
• Proposals for joint and future EERA action
FCH and Energy Storage: the missing link
• Zero-carbon by 2050? → High penetration of fluctuating renewables• Electron transport only will not match supply with demand• Scaling required in energy storage and transportation volume
Putting the hydrogen into hybridization – JP FCH and ES 5 November 2019, Rome
FCH and Energy Storage: the missing link
• Sector coupling: links networks, increasing flexibility and volume
Putting the hydrogen into hybridization – JP FCH and ES 5 November 2019, Rome
FCH flexibility: the CH2P project
6
PILOT
TESTINGSize for the Pilot
site testing at
Shell Technology
Center in
Amsterdam
100kgH2/d
OVERALL
EFFICIENC
YOverall efficiency
between output H2
and power
capacity and input
gas HHV
75%
H2
PRODUCTIO
N COSTBased on
innovative cost
model at refueling
station
4,5€/kg
The EERA JP FCH for Horizon 2020
1Electrolytes
HT Membranes, electrolytes, degradation mechanisms, accelerated testing methods
2Catalysts &
Electrodes New cat/elect., deposition techniques, membrane assembling, low Pt load
3Stack materials
and DesignInterconnect, bipolar plates, contacting and gas diffusion layers, New sealing materials,
novel design
4Systems
New materials/coatings corrosion resistant, fuel processing and fuel upgrade/clean up, heat
management, power conditioning
5
Modelling,
Validation and
Diagnosis
Cell, stack, system levels:. Models on: kinetic, thermal and water management, non
isothermal operations, degradation mechanisms, simulation tools, predictive models for
performance and life time, dynamic, control strategies
6
Hydrogen
Production and
Handling
Thermo chemical; Biochemical; Algae; Photo catalysis; Thermolysis, storage of compressed
and liquid hydrogen, C&S gap analysis and pre normative research concerning H2 safety
7
Hydrogen
StorageCompressed and Liquid Hydrogen Storage, Hydrogen carriers, Hydrogen Storage Systems
The thematic sub-programmes
Putting the hydrogen into hybridization – JP FCH and ES 5 November 2019, Rome
The EERA JP FCH for Horizon Europe
Implementation Plan 2018 – 2030, prepared by JP FCH
150 pages of strategic topics for R&D in FCH:
➢Highlight main areas where long-term research is needed in each SP
➢Rationales, Challenges and expected outcomes defined
➢Topics formulated for future R&D projects
In order to:
➢Identify and exploit synergies across Europe and facilitate joint efforts
➢Aid strategic planning and basis for discussion for support through EU programmes
→ Endorsed by Hydrogen Europe Research→ Joint formulation of KPIs for (basic) R&D
Putting the hydrogen into hybridization – JP FCH and ES 5 November 2019, Rome
MAP
Large Scale Material
Development Initiatives
Canadian – German Accelerated Material Development and Scale Up Platform
H2 & CO2
catalysers
Concept
MAPsClean Energy
Admixture of 20% hydrogen in natural gas
For more information, this article on the durzaam ameland website.
Gas distribution grid & Appliances - Results
• No deterioration effects of materials after 3,5 years
• Permeation: known phenomenon for polymers. No problemin case of free flow of H2.
• Appliances were robust for the test period.
• Variation of electric ionisation current
• Show less emission of CO and CO2
• No visible effects of damage caused by H2For more information, the public Kiwa report “Waterstof in aardgas op Ameland”. (Including English summary)
12
H2 Storage: Technical Potential of Salt Caverns
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Cavern Storage Capacity [GWh]
[1] Caglayan, D.et al.: Technical Potential of Salt Caverns for Hydrogen Storage in Europe. Preprints 2019.
EERA workshops 5-8 Nov 2019_Adelbert Goede DIFFER 13 / 18
Challenge: Sustainable Aviation Fuel
Hydrogen: low energy density (1/3000 kerosene) – too bulky• liquefied at 20K: 4.5x lower, • pressurised at 700 bar: 6.7x lower→New aircraft design, fuel system, ground handling and storage system.Short haul flights? →Qualification will take > 10 yrs and > 100 M$
Batteries: low specific energy (1/50), low energy density (1/14)• Long haul aviation not feasible – too heavyExample: Airbus A 380 would need a 14.000 ton batteryto replace current 260 ton kerosene pay-load
Bio Fuel: Current EU policy • Food vs. Fuel vs. Flora trilemma – there is not enough of itcurrent kerosene consumption 5Mbarrel/day (requires 2 to 5 x NL area )• Social acceptance
Hybrid: DLR H2 Antares, 36kW FC powered, 80 kg, 10 kWh battery 45-60kW @ 50kg, range 750km, speed 170km/hr, altitude 4 kmone seater glider
14Rome: 05 Nov 2019: EERA Joint Programmes FCH and Energy Storage Workshop
Attributional modelling
E-Bike 9 gCO2/kmEU mix electricityNo infrastructures
Car 229 gCO2/kmEU fuel mix No infrastructures
For accounting: a purely descriptive documentation of the potential environmental impacts of the system under analysis (e.g. a product, sector, or country).
For micro-scale decision support: the decisions, actions or products analysed are assumed to have limited or no structural consequences outside the decision-context, i.e. they are supposed not to change available production capacity
Example: Attributional inventory modelling
How do you go to the beach for an ice-cream???
E-Bike GHG savings = 220 gCO2/km
15Rome: 05 Nov 2019: EERA Joint Programmes FCH and Energy Storage Workshop
Consequential modelling
Decision support at strategic level :Decisions aimed at causing structural consequences outside the decision-context, (i.e. they are supposed to change available production capacity). (e.g. raw materials strategies, technology scenarios, policy options).
Expected impacts of a policy target of 1 M E-Bikes?
Walking 0 Gt CO2
Weighted average 23 gCO2/km
Car 271 Gt CO2(229 WTW + 42 constr)
Bus 101 Gt CO26 construction and disposal + 95 WTW
Bike 5 Gt CO2Only construction and disposal
5 %
75 %
3 %
7 %
Baseline scenario
Couch 0 Gt CO2Rebound effect
10 %
Weighted average 20
Higher cost Li = Less electric cars that may actually replace fossil fueled cars
iLUC (indirect Lithium Use Change)
E-Bike 27 Gt CO2(9 WTW+ 13 construction and disposal + 5 iLUC )
Competition for lithium batteries
Competition for raw materials
E-Bike 22 Gt CO21000 km/y (9 WTW+ 13 production and disposal)
Reference scenario
Food consumptionBike 21 (16 food + 5 production)
Weighted average 35
E-Bike GHG savings = 9 Gt CO2
Reduced consumption of other goodsHigher taxation = Lower incomeE-Bike 26 gCO2/km(9 WTW+ 13 prod. +5 iLUC -1 LowCons.)
EERA JP FCH and Energy Storage: Common Areas
Synergy mapping JP FCH JP Energy Storage New (uncovered) Joint
Tasks
Applications and
processes
Better electrodes, electrolytes,
bipolar plates
Manufacturing processes and
(durability) testing
Same plus plasmolysis
Synthesis of CO, hydrocarbons and
ammonia…
Direct Air Capture
TBD next Spring
Materials :
1. Conduction materials and oxygen evolution materials: improvement, upscaling
2. Components: microstructure, robustness and cost-effectiveness
3. Cation- and Anion-exchange membranes and systems
4. high/intermediate-temperature electrolytes: tailoring to applications
5. recycling and addressing supply chain bottlenecks
6. Explore link with EERA JP AMPEA
Putting the hydrogen into hybridization – JP FCH and ES 5 November 2019, Rome
EERA JP FCH and Energy Storage: Common Areas
Synergy mapping JP FCH JP Energy Storage New (uncovered) Joint
Tasks
Applications and
processes
Hydrocarbon synthesis
High-temperature chemical
engineering
Hydrogen (carrier) storage,
handling and transport
Power to X=Fuel and proteins… TBD next Spring
Storage and distribution:
1. Utilization of residual or renewable CO2, electrochemical reduction of CO2
2. Explore link with EERA JP Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
3. Thermal storage and high-temperature (>300°C) electrochemical reactors: integration
and optimization
4. Hydrogen injection into the gas grid: pipeline protection, hydrogen separation, metering
5. Hydrogen storage in gas, liquid and solid phases
6. Solar electrolysis
Putting the hydrogen into hybridization – JP FCH and ES 5 November 2019, Rome
EERA JP FCH and Energy Storage : Common Areas
Synergy mapping JP FCH JP Energy Storage New (uncovered) Joint
Tasks
Applications and
processes
HPC and open source modelling
Redox Flow Batteries with
innovative chemistries
Solid-state cells
Engineering of redox flow batteries
(stacks, feeds) to minimize losses
Optimal Operation of storage
technologies (Island and continental),
Techno-economic/environmental
aspects, system integration
TBD next spring
Emerging technologies:
1. Mathematical modelling: architectures, material design, stacking, packing, balance-of-
plant, upscaling
2. Redox flow batteries: corrosion, degradation, retention of charge, optimizing operational
conditions, device sizing and upscaling, ageing models
3. Electrolytes and electrodes for all solid-state energy storage devices: design, durability,
monitoring and diagnostics, cost, reversibility, balance-of-plant, cyclability
Putting the hydrogen into hybridization – JP FCH and ES 5 November 2019, Rome
www.eera-set.eu
EERA is an official part of the EU SET-Plan.http://setis.ec.europa.eu/
Follow EERAeera-set.eu
@eera_set @EERA
▪ Stephen McPhail – JPC FCH
▪ stephen.mcphail@enea.it
Thank you
https://www.eera-set.eu/eera-joint-programmes-jps/fuel-cells-and-hydrogen/
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