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Group A Arsalan Rehman Asim Rafique M.Faraz Zafar Safdar Mahmood (CR) Mukarram Rabbani Nasir javed
Surveying Instruments
HOW WE USE INSTRUMENT DURING SURVEYING
Surveying Instrument Instruments used in surveying operations to
measure vertical angles, horizontal angles, and distance.
Tripod
A surveyor's tripod is a device used to support any one of a number of surveying instruments, such as theodolite, total stations ,levels or transits.
Level staff A level staff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated wooden or
aluminum rod, the use of which permits the determination of differences in elevation
In the photograph on the right, both a metric (left) and imperial (right) levelling rod are seen. This is a two-sided aluminum rod, coated white with markings in contrasting colours. The imperial side has a bright yellow background.
Total Station :- A total station is an
electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying
To read distances from the instrument to a particular point.
Clinometer
An instrument used by surveyors in order to measure an angle of inclination or elevation
90 line on protractor
weight
Line of sight
Uses of Clinometers Indicating pitch and roll of vehicles, sail boats, and aircraft.
Monitoring boom angle of cranes and material handlers.
Measuring the "look angle" of a satellite antenna towards a satellite.
Measuring movements in walls and/or the ground in civil engineering projects
Measuring the angle of drilling in well-logging applications.
Rollover warning, to alert equipment operator of possible tip over condition
Determining the angle of the earth's magnetic field in respect to the horizontal plane.
Measuring steepness of a ski slope. (<10o for beginners, 10o-20o "green", 15o-25o "blue", 25o-35o "black", 35o-45o "double black")
Compass
A compass is a navigational survey instrument used for determining the “directions” which is relative to the Earth's magnetic pole
A compass can be used to calculate “heading” used with a “sextant” to calculate latitude” and with a “marine chronometer” to calculate “longitude”
GPSGPS
DEVOLPMENT
ERATH QUAKE SCENCE
PLANS DIRECTION
VEHICALS
ELEMENTS The Space Segment The User Segment The Control Segment
The Space Segment
24 Satellite
The User Segment Receiver
The Control Segment Ground station
Principle of Gps
Measurement of distance between satellite and receiver
Wgs84
Use of Gps in now a days Military use
Every day's life
Theodolite
Most important application is measuring horizontal and vertical angles
Horizontal distances and determine elevations
How to use A theodolite must be
mounted on a level tripod or stand from where the user can observe.
The observer can take a reading by looking through the telescope and adjusting the vertical crosshairs to match the extreme left of the survey target.
Prism Prism Consider the offset, The thread size, When working with Total
Stations that require a target
That ‘s All Our Presentation
Thanks Dear Fellows
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