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Sustainable Cities Regional Workshop
18-‐19 January 2016 Cairo -‐ Egypt
Workshop Proceedings Report
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Ø Meeting Profile
Ø List of Attendees
Name Country/Organization Affiliation / Position
Dr. Hossam Allam CEDARE Director, Strategic Concerns Program, CEDARE H.E. Dr. Khalid EL-‐Adli, ISOCARP Former Governor of Giza, and Vice President,
International Society of City and Regional Planners Mrs. Yasmine Fouad Egypt Advisor to the Minister of Environment Mr. Arab Hoballah UNEP Chief Sustainable Lifestyles, Cities and Industry
Division of Technology, Industry and Economics Mr. Fareed Bushehri UNEP Regional Resource Efficiency Programme Officer
Regional Office for West Asia Mr. Mohammad Asfour CEDARE Senior Consultant Ms. Ghada Moghny CEDARE Senior Programme Specialist
Sustainable Growth Programme Mr. Ramy Lotfy CEDARE Senior Research Specialist/Environment Consultant
Sustainable Growth Programme Mr. John Dyfed UN-‐HABITAT Regional Director, Regional Office for Arab States Mr. Ibrahim Al Zubi UAE Dubai Land Department Mr. Majd Fayyad
UAE Technical Officer Emirates Green Building Council
Dr. Hend Farouh, Egypt Executive Director, Central Unit for Sustainable Cities & Renewable Energy New Urban Communities Authority
Mr. Ali Harbi Algeria Consultant/Manager AHC Consulting
Mr. Waleed Khalaf Bahrain Chief Executive Officer T-‐Linx Ms. Dana El Rayes Bahrain Vice President T-‐Linx Dr. Salah El Haggar Egypt Professor of Energy and Sustainable Development AUC
Mr. Karim Ayyad
Egypt Associate Lecturer of Green Architect Egypt Green Building Council
Dr. Karim Attallah Egypt President Consulting Engineering Center Dr. Marwa Hegazi Egypt Environmental Researcher, Ministry of Environment
Workshop Title Sustainable Cities Regional Workshop
Organizing Institutions Centre for Enviroment and Development for Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE) UNEP
Date January 18th – 19th 2016 Location Intercontinental City Stars Hotel Number of Attendees 30 attendees / 11 countries
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Ms. Ala’a Abdullah Jordan Deputy Executive Director Jordan Green Building Council
Ms. Rima Sorour Lebanon Architect Lebanon Green Building Council Ms. Wiam Samir Morocco Vice President Morocco Green Building Council
Ms. Ghadir Qawariq Palestine Projects Coordinator Palestine Green Building Council Mr. Rashed Al Nasa’a Qatar Head of Sustainability Arab Engineering Bureau Mr. Samer Kamal
Saudi Arabia Senior Design Architect
Ms. Rym Baouendi Tunisia Co-‐Founder Tunisia Green Building Council Ms. Terry Fahmy
CEDARE Regional Programme Assistant Sustainable Growth Programme
Ms. Sabrina Ghazal CEDARE Communication Specialist Sustainable Growth Programme
Ms. Sahar Ezz El-‐Arab CEDARE Regional Administrative Officer Ms. Amira Khattab CEDARE Administrative Assistant Mr. Samir Sayed CEDARE Technical Support
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Ø Workshop Agenda
Sustainable Cities Regional Workshop
Day 1 Agenda -‐ 18 January 2016 9:00 to 9:30 Registration 9:30 to 10:00 Opening Session:
-‐ Welcome note and introduction CEDARE, UNEP, Dubai Land -‐ Introductory Remarks – H.E. Dr. Khalid EL-‐Adli, Former Governor of Giza /Vice President, International Society of City and Regional Planners -‐ Agree on house rules, Ms. Ghada Moghny, CEDARE
10:00 to11:45 Session I: Country Presentations: Chairman Mr. Fareed Bushehri, UNEP This session will introduce countries findings including: -‐ Sustainable cities and Buildings trends; -‐ Case studies on policies and approaches that promote efficient use of resources at the city level with an integrated resource management approach (with particular focus on: water, energy, waste, food, construction materials, and land) -‐ Policies and/or programmes established by national or local authorities to support sustainable cities and buildings, and barriers to their implementation; -‐ Lessons learnt with a priority on a city level. Countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco -‐Introduction to Report Methodology, Approach, and outcome – Mr. M. Asfour
11:45 to12:15 Coffee Break and Networking 12:30 to 13:30 Session II: Country Presentations: Chairman Mr. Fareed Bushehri, UNEP
-‐ Continued Q&A Countries included in this session are: Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates
13:30 to14:45 Lunch
15:30 to 17:00 Session III: Affordable Housing: Chairman Mohammad Asfour, CEDARE Discuss regional efforts to promote affordable housing and draft recommendations for implementing sustainable building practices in the field. -‐Dr. Hend Farouh, Executive Director, Central Unit for Sustainable Cities & Renewable Energy -‐Mr. Dyfed Aubrey, Director (a.i.), UN-‐HABITAT Regional Office for Arab States
16:00 – 16:30 Coffee Break and Networking
16:30 – 17:00 Conclusion and Closing Day 1 – Mr. Mohammad Asfour, CEDARE
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Day 2 Agenda -‐ 19 January 2016 9:30 to 9:30 Welcome Tea and Coffee
9:30 -‐ 10:00 Previous day summary and opening remarks. Ms. Ghada Moghny, CEDARE
10:00 to 11:45 Session IV: Sustainable Cities: Lessons learnt and recommendations Chairman
Dr. Hossam Allam, CEDARE Practices and recommendations for interventions that authorities can undertake to support sustainable cities, at local, national and regional levels to be included in the final report. -‐Mr. Dyfed Aubrey, Director (a.i.), UN-‐HABITAT Regional Office for Arab States -‐Mr. Mohammad Asfour, CEDARE -‐ Mr. Rami Lotfy, CEDARE
11:45 to 12:15 § Coffee Break and Networking
12:30 to 13:30 Session V: Sustainable Buildings: Lessons learnt and recommendations, Chairman Mr. Mohammad Asfour, CEDARE Practices and recommendations for interventions that authorities can undertake in order to support resource efficient buildings, at local, national and regional levels to be included in the final report.
13:30 to 14:45 § Lunch
14:45 to 16:00 Session VI: Planning for the Future – Chairman Dr. Khalid EL ADLI This is an open discussion session to identify tentatively programme of work and framework for the next 1, 3 and 5 years, in terms of actions at local, national and regional levels, including need for legislation, data, capacity building, partnerships Mr. Arab Hoballah, UNEP Mr. Fareed Bushehri, UNEP Mr. Ibrahim Al Zubi, Dubai Land Mr. Dyfed Aubrey, Director (a.i.), UN-‐HABITAT Regional Office for Arab States
16:00 – 16:30 § Coffee Break and Networking §
16:30 – 17:00 Closing Session: Dubai Land, UNEP, CEDARE Mr. Mohammad Asfour, CEDARE -‐ Next Steps
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1) INTRODUCTION: The Sustainable Cities Regional Workshop comes in line with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Global Initiative for Resource Efficient Cities (GI-‐REC) launched in June 2012 at Rio+20. The primary objective of this initiative; is to capitalize on the potential for Arab cities to lead action towards greater resource efficiency, and enhance the quality of life in urban areas, in particular rapidly growing cities, by minimizing resource extraction, energy consumption, and waste generation through safeguarding ecosystem services and decoupling city development from resource use and environmental impacts. The Sustainable Cities Regional Workshop also positively contributes to the “MENA State of Play of Sustainable Cities & Buildings” Report, which aims to inform the strategic direction of the GI-‐REC, UNEP in undertaking a comprehensive review and analysis of resource efficiency in Arab cities.
The regional workshop seeks to document findings from the regional review of 12 countries in the region, by mapping key institutions and initiatives and identification of case studies. The reviews were prepared in cooperation with the respective national Green Building Councils, and/or specialized experts that cover the following areas: • Status of sustainable building approaches and policies and lessons learned. • Case studies of policies and approaches that promote efficient use of resources at the city level and
integrated resource management (with particular focus on: water, energy, waste, food, construction materials, and land)
• Policies and/or programmes established by national or local authorities to support sustainable buildings, and barriers to their implementation;
This report provides a summary of the Sustainable Cities Workshop Proceedings and documents the views and contributions of different countries towards identifying the “State of Play of Sustainable Cities & Buildings in Arab Region”.
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2) Country Presentations and Participants contributions:
§ Note: Please check Annex for a full version of each country’s presentation Sessions I & II: Country Presentations: Chairman Mr. Fareed Bushehri, UNEP
Main Contributions Contributors § No one platform has all the information § Main focus is on energy, less focus on water and a even less on waste, non on food
or sustainable building materials. § Energy: Led lighting is being used in all streets and efficient lighting initiative § Water: is being recycled by the government to use in watering public places like
gardens or industrial areas. § Waste: the private sector were leaders in this business and placed containers
everywhere free of charge under the consent of the government. People are passionate about the recycling.
§ Building trends: primary schools were chosen to work on energy, water and waste. § Ministry of Finance: passionate about the go green, reduced energy and waste and
they have a tracking measures for collecting information § City level case studies: achieved a LEED certification which is currently in progress § Policies and programs: Prime Minister Cabinet took initiative for optimum use of
Energy and another initiative for lightening, in addition ministry of works have a checklist for green and sustainable buildings guidelines.
Remarks § Individual initiatives waiting to be placed under the auspicious of the government. § Decision makers need to play a more active role § More encouragement and recognition § Awareness is key
Bahrain presentation
§ Energy, water, waste, and transportation § Energy: The Amman municipality are implementing the regulations to save energy,
water, waste and transportation § Municipality: taking lead in all forms of sustainability § Question: What was the private sector involvement? What is the status with social
housing? What is the status of awareness and focus on social housing??? § Another question: What is the state of refugees in Jordan? § Bahrain and Jordan taken as examples of resources scarcity (water & Energy) § Need to take into consideration the population growth rates of cities – i.e. Amman
grew from 10,000 in 1918 to millions at present
Jordan presentation
§ Residential buildings consume more energy than industrial buildings, which is opposite to the rest of the world
§ Ministry of Housing established a central Green Housing Unit in 2014 § 16 solar power plants are established in Egypt
Egypt Presentation
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§ There are several campaigns to increase energy efficiency § There are also efforts to develop the code for residential, government and industrial
buildings and establishments – Ministry of Housing and Ministry of Electricity signed a MoU for buildings code
§ Increase in Sustainable cities in Sheikh Zayed + 5 more cities § EBRD is working on sustainable transportation § Laws exist but no implementation § Political situation is affecting the implementation of the laws § Technical standards existing however not in place § Thermal standards for buildings existing but not mandatory § Funded projects are available § Rating systems that are used in Lebanon are various § Several projects on city level are existing § Solar waters moving more on the outskirts rather than in the city § Policies started in 2009 and should reach target by 2020 § Policies were placed and approved for the development of renewable energy and
energy efficiency § Action plans are placed for various fields water, rainwater, energy and other green
issues of environment and also for industrial sector § Legislation is the main issue § Progress in buildings but awareness is needed Remarks: § Refugee situation is wide and they need to implement projects to target the refugee
until they leave the country § What comes after work plans? § How much are we inducing them to work on resource efficiency so that they invest
instead of requesting more funds?
Its is important to consider other initiatives in all Arab Mediterranean countries to change behavior, awareness, consumption and bring in the initiatives to add value, and link the legislation in order to change behavior and awareness. OUR role starts here we need to share the experiences of other countries to fill in the gap. We need to unify all the initiatives to fill in the gaps
Lebanon Presentation
§ Sustainability in general is a new concept. The implementation and consequently all projects are still in process but not finalized.
§ Trends on energy, waste management, water reuse and recycling and solar public lighting.
§ The same applies to buildings, however certifications are there to assess and help them start. Green buildings do exist but not yet certified
§ All projects are either drafts, in process or almost finished § Two paths are being followed; sustainable development politics and the national
energetic strategy § An estimation of the costs associated with energy efficiency is undertaken to identify
funding § A plan is made for the eco-‐city Zenata as a sample of how the cities should be made
Morocco presentation
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and look like § Institutions are working on policies and programs § Lots of initiatives are being taken but the need to focus on the education of the
population is required… Again awareness is the key. § Morocco is the first country to have the king chart sustainability charter Remarks § The solar energy needs to be mentioned. § Traditional architecture needs to be considered as it helps in saving energy and
comfortably using local material § Morocco has a great opportunity with cop 22 that will be held there and should be
taken as an opportunity to push awareness and projects § The private sector and NGO started showing interest in sustainable buildings § Construction material is available but no control over the use of them § Rawabi city has its own wastewater treatment plan § No transportation plans § Policies/laws and licenses for buildings that has low emission are existent but not
implemented. A fellowship for green engineering is present. § Sustainability concept is not understood and the country requires awareness Remarks § Focus on opportunities even if they seem meaningless § Educate decision makers and media
Palestine presentation
§ Booming country in sustainability § Urban expansion vs. population distribution § Special focus on water and energy issues § Adopts sustainable policies on a governmental high level which has been a main
driving force § Mesheireb downtown Doha – mixed use project § Public force “Ashghal” identified transportation, infrastructure and waste
management as the main sustainable urban development § Large awareness campaigns § Working on metro to avoid inefficient fuel consumption by cars § They have rating systems and analysis done § Need to work on benchmark data to measure against and focus on needed areas Remarks § Issue of UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Doha on the awareness raising to those expats
living in the country § How do you expect of overcome the challenge of promoting resource and energy
efficiency?
Qatar presentation
§ No awareness whatsoever in SA about sustainability Remarks § If I am a citizen and building what would drive me to follow sustainability?? Incentive
mechanism differs from one country to another…. Developers care more about
Saudi Arabia presentation
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development rather than environmental or any other social aspect… It is very challenging vs being a need
§ Realizing the weakness which need to transform all of these to legislations and policies and the need for integration of all these…..SA is going through a transition period and the challenge is huge but also the opportunity is also great for looking for solutions and fill the gaps
§ Energy efficiency is an initiative by the government § Some cities are taking initiatives and supporting projects in a structured way § Buildings also adopting energy efficiency and applying rating systems. § Also water efficiency is being adopted § Policies and programs are more directed towards energy… there were various plans
along the years that ended by solar plan for 2020 – 2030 § Policies was promulgated in the Tunisian assembly which is a development that
motivates the private sector to take part § Also the twinning program that is to work on housing and building § Applied in some cities § Safax are doing the right thing in all aspects § Should look at other areas than energy… § Multi stakeholder approach is needed Remarks § Integrate how to develop the twinning exercise within the Arab cities to reach an
equilibrium
Tunis presentation
§ Federal green vision and strategy was launched and other local strategies were developed on the level of each emirate.
§ They aim to make Dubai the most sustainable city in the emirate § Abu Dhabi and Dubai are pioneering by developing their own sustainability strategies. § There are targets for renewable energy and energy and water consumption by 2030 § Plans for waste management and green initiatives § Food security and challenge has been addressed in UAE because they import 90% of
its food and they are working on diversifying the food sources § Urban planning council in Abu Dhabi created the first green building rating system § Dubai Municipality and Dubai electricity and water authority had different approach
by introducing a building code. § Programs are present that target retrofitting of inefficient buildings. § Regulatory scheme for accreditation of ESCO companies are present. § Private sector is taking part in the retrofitting plans. § Certification by LEED has been established and buildings were awarded these
certificates § Cost benefit analysis conducted § Presence of federal green vision was the base foundation for the sustainability
strategies § Regulations and programs that address sustainability are progressing because of the
ties between the private and public sector supported by capacity building
Remarks
UAE presentation
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§ Regarding Social housing perspective; the governmental bodies started working on it which will include public and private sectors.
§ Dubai & Abu Dhabi are C40 members and they have commitments to work towards sustainability
§ Health was not mentioned in any other country except in UAE which they signed with BAE and will be the center of a healthy city index that was established already.
§ Food is an important element but a sensitive issue to discuss due to the high consumption by the growing Arab countries. The main problem is the high food waste culture especially in the lower and middle society.
§ Hotels and malls are consuming a lot of energy that there should be a window show for health and energy efficiency. Emirates GBC is working on energy and water benchmarking of hotels and malls in the UAE. The first benchmarking report will be issued by mid of 2016.
§ The same data whether in dollars or CO emissions should be illustrated in a cost benefit analysis.
§ GCC countries have a lot of good initiatives but lack communication and no one knows about it.
§ The need to develop different approaches for implementation, and a way to provide pilot projects to fully implement across all sectors is highly required. UAE has the policies in place but the challenge is in their implementation and enforcement.
§ Sustainability Is not a dedicated concept however efforts are developed around new approaches including sustainability such as waste management, transportation systems, clean fuel, green areas and recycling.
§ Sustainability within buildings is the focus of the government, especially on social housing and providing affordable housing through subsidies.
§ Sustainable buildings are still at a pilot experiences level. § A pioneer case city was presented; however it is facing several constraints especially
on the priority given to social housing. Also, there were no clear technical requirements linked to sustainability.
§ Policies and programs are also focusing on social housing, however some sustainability requirements are existing but there are no mechanisms for control and implementation.
§ Lack initiatives on water, new building technologies and materials. § Need for sharing experiences and best practices to link the aspect of sustainability § Need to build capacities. § Need more policies and programs addressing sustainability and the definition of
green cities and buildings. § Need to push policies from civil society, NGOs and share experiences § Link social pressure with sustainability designs of the cities and buildings.
Remarks § What would be needed to integrate few parameters in the social housing program
and to portray the problem that would be in obvious in the next years? Compared to Brazil & Colombia the Arab region is lacking plenty.
Algeria presentation
Session III: Affordable Housing: Chairman Mohammad Asfour, CEDARE
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Main Contributions Contributors § What is affordable housing? § Factors affecting affordable housing § Advantages of affordable housing § What is the code of stabilized earth blocks CSEB? § Case study in India § Soil classification and identification for use in affordable housing § Stabilized earth blocks are taught to different people § Testing the stabilized earth blocks was carried out to find out their endurance and in
another way to train engineers and workers to use them § The idea was approved but were not able to use in social housing because people
are not familiar with it and they find the classical common construction more comfortable to work with.
Remarks § The case study focused on building and construction but not on water recycling. § Affordability versus sustainability… § The though of agglomeration economy has to be considered § With the material used it is important to look at the greening building material
supply chain. § Beyond training comes the issue of; how to enable the people, how to establish a
market, how to sell the idea? There must be a comprehensive approach § A business case for affordable housing is important to consider to convince the
people.
Hend Farouh NUCA
§ Legislative context has 2 pillars: Sustainable development policies & National Energy Strategy
§ 3 key sectors: Buildings, industry and transportation § Building level Case studies: 9 pilot projects in energy efficiency sectors § Green Buildings solutions awards § City level case study – Casablanca Development Plan § The isolation and water solar heaters was implemented where the cost was only
0.28%. Another association for material efficiency construction came out with a project where a complex of social housing was built following where the prices in Morocco which is around $20,000. The project was positive energy creator and they will be able to sell it at the same cost because they were able to produce at affordable cost.
§ It is important to explore traditional architecture and use less material. § Explore opportunities from COP 22.
Morocco
§ We need to define what is affordable housing. The Ministry of Housing is responsible for providing for a certain sector, and though the Ministry of Works they were more concerned with water treatment in agriculture, but they don’t have a specific rules and regulations. They only have normal rules for roof insulations and building.
Bahrain
§ Because of climatic zones we have the earth and stone in relative areas but as a big initiative we don’t have enough material for affordable housing. After the war, the
Lebanon
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complete renovation of the camp used affordable sustainable system housing however in cooperation with the UN. Just recently there was an initiative raised for affordable.
§ Different strategies have been developed after the revolution but it is not different from the normal construction center, no difference in material and they are using the same methods however they are considered part of affordable housing
§ The GBC pick a theme and work on it where the four GBCs participate however we haven’t shared the outcome yet. Jordan also collaborated on this issue.
Tunisia
§ A pilot project with training center was established to teach the youth how to build their own houses of 100 sq. About $7000 used a mix of stone and earth blocks and the efforts exerted were addressing the youth to build their own houses
§ An initiative was taken and an architect was sent to remote community to help them construct buildings from their own local material.
Egypt
§ An initiative by the government that refugee camps are used from local material and also global is USAID project, raising awareness that green buildings don’t cost more than normal building and that it saves energy and water
Palestine
§ The issue of labor accommodation is looked upon and revised to provide a healthier working, living and affordable environment. There has been some local initiatives to look into that to become more sustainable however it did not cover all areas of affordable housing as per say.
Qatar
§ Three projects were established; the project is to provide a loan to the community to build the affordable housing, which is voluntary, supervised and provided with a constructor for advice
§ Even with a family with an income of $500 were given a loan to build their house § Project not finalized yet.
Jordan
§ Sustainable buildings is not popular and all buildings are built in the traditional way. The country is now trying to demolish and rebuild it in a way where it is affordable.
Saudi Arabia
The social/affordable housing concept differs between countries and even between emirates within the UAE but Emirates GBC is working with other MENA GBCs to place focus on this subject. In the UAE, affordable housing program is limited to financing programs targeting locals. There are two establishments that provide financing and plots but only to nationals and of Emirati nationality We should we focus on sustainable affordable housing and what definition should we use to define sustainable affordable housing. Affordable or social housing needs to be well defined or it they will lose their meaning. We should understand the principles and keep it in mind and that it is a matter of what we want to achieve. Social housing is one thing and affordable housing is another. We are building a knowledge base for the regional center where we want to set a long term program. We should discuss the gaps, what needs to be improved, what needs to be done, awareness raising campaign’s and what needs to be build to fill the gaps in the years to come to make sustainable cities.
UAE
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Opening Remarks Recap Day 1 and Previous day summary Ms. Ghada Moghny, CEDARE
§ 11 countries made their presentations on the contents of the first draft of the state of play report namely:
§ Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, UAE § & a presentation on affordable housing was made by Dr. Hend Farouh § Each country presented the trends on sustainable cities & sustainable buildings and the exiting policies
and programs in their respective countries. Also case studies mentioned and finally lessons learned in each country
§ Some countries had strength points and others areas that needs to be tackled or needs further empowerment.
The conclusion of the day was basically (and please feel free to add if I had overlooked any point):
§ Various levels of efforts were made on increasing the adoption of green building but not sustainable and resource efficient communities and cities which is obvious in new cities. The need for a comprehensive and an integrated approach is necessary to reach the desired level that we are aiming for
§ In order to advocate for sustainable cities and buildings we need to change the consumer behavior of people rather than invent policies and laws
§ The main focus of most countries was energy and water efficiency and waste management and there was no focus on food consumption or waste which was agreed that it would need further attention from countries
§ Health issues were also overlooked which is another factor that needs further consideration § The situation of refugees in several countries that contains a large population of refugees requires
further attention. § The fact that all countries do have existing policies but needs to enhance the implementation process § Retrofitting needs to be addressed § Knowledge sharing is essential and sharing best practices between countries will definitely be
beneficial to reach our goals § The issue that was mentioned and agreed upon by all countries was awareness raising whether to
individuals, communities or governmental bodies § The need to enhance awareness of decision makers about the benefits of sustainable cities concept
and especially the social aspects § Several countries had success stories that needs to be promoted and followed in other Arab countries § Integrate how to develop the twinning exercise within the Arab cities to reach an equilibrium § Affordability versus sustainability was highlighted of affordable housing § Affordable housing is relevant to each country
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Session IV: Sustainable Cities: Lessons learnt and recommendations Chairman Dr. Hossam Allam, CEDARE
Main Contributions Contributors § Sustainable cities go beyond green buildings § Green building vs. resource efficiency § Normative vs. operational dimensions § Per capita environmental footprint § Egypt social housing program: social integration and social mix § Check Global Network for Sustainable Housing § Check sustainable housing rating tools § Regenerative urban development , creating regenerative cities
UN Habitat Presentation
§ Urban metabolism is a model to facilitate the description and analysis of the flows of the materials and energy within cities, such as undertaken in a Material Flow Analysis (of a city).
§ Urban Metabolism Analysis categorizes different material flows into Input Flows and Outputs. The analysis takes into consideration products for internal consumption and raw materials for local production, and outputs included emissions and wastes, to be processed in the surrounding municipalities.
§ For the purpose of quantification of material flows at the urban scale, the following flows are measured: (I) INPUTS; such as energy, water, food and construction materials, and in generic terms, the Flow Inputs include: - Fossil Fuel for energy consumption/electricity including (crude oil, hard coal,
natural gas, lignite) - Minerals (Iron ores, Manganese, other) - Construction Minerals (crushed stone, limestone, granite, marble, biomass,
refined water) - Nutrients - Water resources
(ii) OUTPUTS; including emissions, solid wastes, and construction wastes. In generic terms, the Flow Outputs include: - Emissions (include CO2, SO, NO, and particulate matter (PM 10) (measured in
terms of emissions per capita) - Water consumption (access to potable water, water consumption per liter per
person per day, water system leakages) - Solid Wastes and waste generation (measured in terms of waste generated per
capita kg/person/year) including industrial solid wastes, agricultural wastes
Mr. Ramy Lotfy
§ Urban metabolism is the core of resource efficient cities methodology. § International resource panel report has developed the concept and has in-‐depth
scientific assessment. § Urban metabolism is another way to address resource efficiency. § Its important to have a standardized way of looking at the input and output to
Mr. Arab Hoballah, UNEP
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urban metabolism § Future council developed a concept for the Arab Countries that could be useful § Process in the middle which is mainly production and consumption also the
additional strengths that could happen like climate change should be taken into consideration There are 3 main issues:
§ People need to learn how to use sustainable cities (similar to how we use modern technology)
§ The need to communicate between government and people § The need to raise awareness
Morocco
§ Sustainable cities is something we usually talk about, but now it should be about how to implement it and achieve it
§ Key challenges, not only in Tunisia but in the region, is governance – governments need to play a clearer role to avoid duplication of efforts
§ At municipal level, there is a need to focus on cities and overall planning of a city and the “integrated” use of its resources. For example, in Abu Dhabi, there is a central authority that coordinates the work of different agencies
§ Rating systems are important tools to support the sustainable cities agenda, but it is important to ensure that efforts are not duplicated. In Tunisia, 3 different ministries are developing 3 different rating systems
§ The need to explore ways to support the construction sector and provide incentives
Tunisia
§ The existence of incentives for developing sustainable cities (Lucile City) § There is a need to create proper incentives to encourage the creation of sustainable
urban cities § Diversification of oil based economies by looking into other sectors such as services
and tourism § It is important to create KPIs especially in GCC. So far, the main focus has been on
energy because it is easy to measure, however there is a need to look at the other sectors as well
Qatar
§ The Government usually sets the rules or regulations for managing Energy, water and gas
§ Role of civil society is very important
Jordan
§ There is a need to change lifestyles and behavior § The need for communication and lifestyle change § Integration and avoid duplication (i.e. in Egypt there are 2 green building councils) § There is an absence of a strong law enforcement mechanism § Need to create a business model (BOT? others?)
Saudi Arabia
§ There is a lack of data in the Arab region which would lead to difficulties in promoting sustainable city strategies. Access to data is very important for consistency and making comparisons
UAE
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§ Each institution/authority has a different plan, but they are all working towards urban sustainability
§ It is important to have a Federal Green Vision for the development of sustainability strategies.
§ Green building councils (GBCs) must be NGOs § Develop Common carbon metrics (restricted to energy) § Placing the $ value ahead is important in order to reflect the cost savings for
sustainable practices § Governance is a one of the key issues, especially in terms of laws and usability
Session V: Sustainable Buildings: Lessons learnt and recommendations, Chairman Mr. Mohammad Asfour, CEDARE Session Objective: Discuss Practices and recommendations for interventions that authorities can undertake to support resource efficient buildings, at local, national and regional levels to be included in the final report. What are the Lessons Learnt?
Main Contributions Contributors § Agree on four priorities that we don’t see the center focusing on. § We are bringing in the ABC for SCP and for sustainable cities. We don’t come with
specific definitions but come with the most common definitions around the world that should be used world wide.
§ Material: some countries like Lebanon talk about regional not only local. We need to consider the lifetime of the material when recycled at the end and what is added it to material to become reusable. Take lifespan into consideration.
Mr. Mohammad
Asfour, CEDARE
§ Report highlighted has no overall nation wide view or future roadmap adopted for sustainable cities or buildings. There were successful stories that proved the need for the higher level awareness for the decision making level. The concept of sustainability is fairly new and people are still getting acquainted with green building concept so jumping to sustainability is a bit difficult.
§ Our recommendation is to focus on awareness and capacity building which could be achieved in starting with pilot project.
§ Change of behavior is one of the most important issues and technology intervention into lifestyle which could save us a lot of energy and water.
§ Quantification of energy savings § Role of Minister of Finance and its leadership role has to be highlighted.
Bahrain
§ Perceptions of higher costs of green buildings, which is not true in reality. A study was conducted in Morocco found that green buildings cost only 2.8% higher than regular buildings.
§ The need to educate the population on how to be sustainable, § The need to create a holistic plan that would gather all the elements that we
mentioned; programs for green buildings, waste management …etc. and create connections between all elements.
§ Initiatives are being taken but there is no communication that interacts with education
Morocco
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§ We have a lot of challenges in modifications and legal framework. § Currently green codes are implemented on a voluntary basis. § The need to give more power to local authorities, more decentralization of power
enforcements and definitely a lot of awareness, technical support and guidance to these municipalities to be enable them execute the changes required.
§ Change from 2008 to present; is the increase in the number of certified buildings § The need to avoid Green Washing as a façade. § Municipalities need to play a bigger role to address urban environmental issues. § The need to avoid cosmetic solutions, and take into consideration socio-‐cultural
conditions. § The need to have an official rating system
Lebanon
§ A lot of authorities are active and aware but what is more important is the integration of leadership. Need to gather stake-‐holders to have a better outcome.
§ The concept of sustainability is growing and they are more aware but we need more awareness on implementation of the laws addressing sustainability.
§ There is wide use of solar water heaters.
Palestine
§ There is a need to develop a holistic approach to sustainable buildings. § The concept of sustainable cities is being discussed now moving to the step of
developing strategies and implementing it, which is what is needed not only in Tunisia but in the region. We need on the national level, different entities to work on different fields because sometimes the efforts are duplicated. We need to unite efforts to reach better results.
§ It is important to take into consideration good traditions in bio-‐climatic design. § It is also important to promote different energy related programs especially addressing
energy efficiency and renewable energy . § Municipalities need more organization on a better holistic way to integrate all aspects
of sustainability, and also need more coordination which is missing in Tunisia which makes it difficult to develop and then implement.
Tunisia
§ Importance of creating the proper incentive mechanism for developers and people, in order to develop & create more sustainable settings and environment.
§ Technical level: the benefit of a rating system are various, however it is a new approach which needs time to mature.
§ The process of certification sometimes pushes entities away – also cost implications have an effect
§ Once buildings are constructed, there is a need to ensure that buildings are performing as originally designed.
§ Need for diversification from oil based economy, to explore other services and different sectors to create a niche or incubators to move away from oil and become more sustainable.
§ Create KPIs that are more broader view of sustainability
Qatar
§ Coordination between public sector and private. § Emphasize the NGO role in advocacy and raising awareness. § Ministries ensure meeting objectives of sustainability § Public private partnerships are needed
Jordan
19
§ There is an absence of any database about sustainable cities & buildings § Provide data base on sustainability. § Lifestyle and behavior is important which needs to be promoted to people § Integration of efforts of green building
Saudi Arabia
§ Awareness is a key issue that needs to be addressed especially to authorities and also across industry.
§ Holistic sustainable city plan is required. § There is a need to develop proper accreditation for companies and consultancies
working on sustainability issues in order to avoid having a negative image about green companies greenwashing– benchmarking is important
UAE
§ Data collection and quantifying the cost associated with green buildings Bahrain
§ Government have a vision to build mega projects that people don’t really need it, so why build so much space when there are buildings that are not being used and the building is for image sake.
§ Example and inspire others to follow § Twinning is good to follow as in Qatar, Tunisia. etc. and other countries could use
as an example § Provide incentives to investors to follow standards that government place for
sustainability § Major factor is that there is no mechanism for following the law and developers
use other ways to get what they want. Law enforcement is required § We need to create a business model for cities to be taken up by investors to build
the cities
Saudi Arabia
Remarks: § Sometimes incentives end up limiting up technology. We need to research and
conduct a process with private sector so as to ensure that it is worth it, and/or properly placed.
§ Incentives should be well coordinated which if done the incentive will then be beneficial.
§ Data of infrastructure is important to be shared so that entrepreneurs can start building cities accordingly.
§ We have the legislations and vision but lack data that limits the business case behind green building. There is a need to stress on benchmarking within the same country or with other countries to enforce and promote sustainability
§ Align strategies between & within the Emirates § Companies sometimes falsely use green economy concept just to promote their
company (“greenwashing”) consequently the market loses the trust of green technologies and therefore accreditation schemes would be beneficial
§ Regarding gulf region, they are developing new constructions and cities that has no demand while there is high increase in population. The strategies for building new cities is based on numbers in the country. Creating new cities doesn’t mean that they are not sustainable especially when there is a demand (increase in population growth)
UAE
20
Accreditation is important. In Jordan we formed a non profit company and developed an accreditation system that included solar water heaters…etc. which will be market driven voluntary accreditation through which companies can ensure they are getting the proper services
Jordan
§ ISO 2030 Egyptian standardization organization translating the English version of the ISO to be applicable on the Egyptian national level which would prove helpful WCCD could help and support if possible
Dr. Hend Farrouh
§ ISO 720 is signed and will be implemented through the center and will use the
Arab region as a pilot § The issue of data is essential which we noticed at the beginning of our work. We
are talking about different data in different countries with different purposes. Just acquiring the data with no target or objective is useless. Data for baseline needs to be developed and compared properly (apple for an apple) or else it would be useless again. Data has different purposes: § to develop an indicator for the sustainable cities. § to show how to operate, monitor and assess the performance of the building at
a later stage. § to involve too many actors who might not be communicating with each other.
§ Laws need to be coordinated, & people need to be educated on how to use it. § Tools of rating systems have to be in alignment with the marketing purpose of it
and conceived as an evolving tool.
Mr. Arab Hoballah, UNEP
RECAP § Certification, accreditation and incorporate health matters into these tools. § Building a life cycle.
Mr. Mohammad
Asfour, CEDARE
3) Steps ahead:
Session VI: Planning for the Future – Chairman Dr. Khaled EL ADLI Main Contributions Contributors
§ Cities today are facing numerous urban challenges including climate change, scarcity of natural resources, shrinking public budgets and rapid urbanization
§ By 2050 70% of world population will be living in cities § Cities are unable to keep-‐up with rapid urbanization resulting in population
overload, congestion, pressure on critical resources, pollution in all forms, land speculation, destruction of the natural habitat as well as poor environmental and living conditions
§ It is thus important that we consider bench marking and adopting certain criteria as a basis for sustainable cities including:
o Minimizing consumption of space and natural resources o Managing urban flows and growth o Ensuring equal access to resources and services o Supporting cultural social and environmental biodiversity o Protecting the health of urban population o Increasing awareness of both the population and government
Dr. Khalid El Adli, ISOCARP
21
§ Inadequate policies and formality; we have broad awareness of green buildings but far from implementing them
§ System of incentives need to be revised to correspond to our needs and resources § Loads of training are being done but not necessary of international spandex
therefore we need to develop something that relates to our needs § Define respective needs § Case studies were made to really make a difference, which means when there is a
will there is a way, but you need to convince the people by explaining why you need to do it and how to do it. Several examples were made by Mr. Arab
§ Behavior change can make a lot of difference which will effectively affect resource efficiency
§ Data does not exist as a comprehensive information but rather as data that needs to be collected and collaborated which we are far from at this stage.
§ We need to select the driving force behind each city that could be conceptualized and any thing that could act as an entry point to a bigger target
§ Identify the driving forces § Mapping and identifying the various projects existing in various countries is
essential and would prove beneficial § Identify opportunities and not weaknesses. § We need a transition period which could range from 6 months to years but it is
necessary for a transitional stage § Accept the principle of being exposed, be transparent and accept criticism in a
constructive manner which 95% of the Arab countries do not accept. § Create trust between stake holders
Next steps:
§ We need to keep the following words in mind: § Convincing & advocating, § Educating and enabling (educating is not enough) § Observe the market carefully to ensure what is there allows us to be in business
Notions:
§ ‘Sustainable Cities’ is the industry of the three quarters, today and for the next 20 years, three quarters of the population at city level, three quarters of consumption of resources, three quarters of CO2 emission and three quarters of waste and three quarters of GDP.
§ Sticks, carrots, trampolines and drums; Sticks are the legislation that needs to be understood and applicable. Carrots are the incentives and supporting mechanisms to implement the policies. Education enabling is the trampoline and then recognition of what is well done and valued which is the award or the drums.
Mr. Arab Hoballah, UNEP
§ There is still long way to go and we need to find alternatives and face challenges § Government handling projects and push governments that this investment is
worth and that it is almost at the same cost but for a better environment § Look at the energy efficiency and how it affects the behavior change whether
negatively or positively.
UN Habitat
22
§ Government can redirect their efforts to more priority issues that would affect positively the consumers and cities.
§ Six relevant sustainable goals o Water o Urbanization o Consumption o Climate change o Eco systems
§ Countries committed to development agenda and they would need to report on their achievements which will bind them to following the development agenda and goals
§ Energy consumption patterns in cities should be addressed § Clean energy to cope with organizational § Urban water consumption needs to be addressed and § good practices to be highlighted § water management § Where do we go from here???!!! § What are the next steps? § Establish a program and time line (year 1) § Establish an advisory board (year 1) § Set up representative national body/entity (year 1) § Consider partnerships, linkages and initiate a knowledge bank (year 1) § Identify sustainability criteria, key performance indicators, bench marks, consider
accreditation and assess the state of our cities (years 2-‐3) § develop principles and best practices § Set policies, programs and initiatives including strategies, objectives, and
implementation methodologies (year 3) § Consider initiating 2-‐3 pilot projects in the region (years 3-‐5) § How do we choose our projects? § How do we develop sustainable cities? § We should look for opportunities and make use of them § Some conceptual development principles:
o adopt compact planning o buffering is important to ensure that natural zones and rural areas are not
directly connected to urban centers o balance growth versus conservation o manage critical resources o enhance transportation options and increase efficiency o allow for variety and choice o enhance existing eco-‐systems o enhance social inclusion o capacity building o provide for health and resilience and hazard mitigation o offer capacity building programs
§ Based on the above we need to work on three or four pilot cities
Dr. Khalid El Adli, ISOCARP
23
§ Identifying objectives implementation methodologies and look into accreditation and benchmarking
§ By the fifth year we should be able to if choose right we could easily or able to take the three four projects and implement on site in two or there countries representing the MENA region
§ Provide training on national campaigns § Advocate for housing plans on national level § In 3 years develop state of resource efficiency in the Arab countries § In 5 years 2050 prior plus conference
UN Habitat
Closing Session: Final Remarks and Way Forward: Dubai Land, UNEP, CEDARE
Main Contributions Contributors § Amend and include your new views § Compile a report and then receive your input at the end of this month § Final comments and suggestions by the 15-‐20 next month § Receive integrated report in couple of days § Make amendments and submit end of this month § We will comment and correspond and first draft by 20 of February § Submit again so we have comments on general report on end of February § Final draft should be out 1st march
Mr. Mohammad Asfour, CEDARE
§ Finalizing the document, is the first step and working progress. We need to keep on improving it, year after year, and the more we learn the more we discover that we need to learn more
§ The center is meant to be the original platform and Dubai land are thanked for accepting this challenge. The center is about sharing information, consumption patterns and hope that in ten years we can say the center has done right…. Don’t expect the Center to provide u with input but rather help you work better with your input. The aim of the center is to improve the regional work which is in principle done at sub regional typology referring to the gulf countries where there are similarities with Mashreq countries. The Center aims also to cooperate with the whole Arab region and ensure that it is the original hub that will be linked to the global mandate and agenda of the whole Arab region something that has never been done before
§ Habitat 3 is considered a milestone that will guide us to where we will be heading and take it over from there.
§ The other milestone is Dubai 2020, which is four years ahead even though it is short but enough to show results. I wish to have an event where we can show effectively what we have done and where we can prove that the Arab cities can do it. The huge network is consistent of Arab countries which proves we have good opportunity however we just started. We need to do our homework with passion because we will face frustration but once committed we will be able to break walls and constraints especially in working with the government and cities. We need to learn how to collect the data, how to fulfill the agenda and how to compile it with the SDG and the 2020.
Mr. Arab Hoballah, UNEP
§ Thanks to all participants and Closing the Workshop Dr. Hossam Allam
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