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Aims of this session
You will :
* be familiar with the SL principles and SL framework
* See where CNR fits in and what we contribute
* Be enthused to explore the use of the SLA in our own work
Let’s make this session as interactive as possible
Definition of Livelihood
A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets and activities required for a means of living.
A Sustainable Livelihood.
• copes with and recovers from stresses & shocks
• maintains or enhances its capabilities and assets
• does not undermine resource base
Why is SL important?
By focusing on people rather than resources, we are better able to target our impact on poverty reduction
Principles of the SL Approach
* Focus on people * Be Holistic * Be dynamic * Build on Strengths by being
responsive and participatory *Work at various levels by working
with partners *Take a wide view of sustainability
Livelihood Assets
Natural, Human, Social, Physical, Financial
Livelihood Strategies
Diversification Migration
Sustainable use of resource (asset) baseIncomeWell being (physiological, physical, health)Resilience (shock, stress, trends, change)Food security (hunger)
OutcomesAssets increased Assets decreased
Policies
Institutions
Processes
Shocks
Stresses
Trends
Change
Sustainable Livelihoods Interactions
BUT………..
Livelihoods are not just about assets and aspirations
What else enhances or limits peoples’ livelihoods?
Vulnerability Context
• Shocks – short term• Stresses – longer term (people may
learn to cope with these)• Trends – long term (ever changing,
usually in a downward spiral. People have to keep moving their perception to cope with these)
Vulnerability Context
Livelihood Assets
Human
Social
Physical
Financial
Natural
Livelihood Strategies
Livelihood Outcomes
Institutions and
Organisations
The
Interface between policy and people
Social Capital
Policy- Makin
g Proces
s
Policy on
Paper
Policy Implementati
on
People’s Aspiratio
ns
Livelihood
Strategies
Policies
• On paper – and in practice
• They depend upon institutions and organisations for their implementation
• They are influenced by social relations and social actors
Social Relations and Institutions
• Social relations:
- Gender, paternalism, class, clientelism, solidarity, trust, respect, conflict and feuds...
Institutions:- They do not necessarily take the form of an
organisation- The market, the law, Anglicanism, Islam…
Organisations
• Public Sector - Local government, National Government - State owned companies, parastatals
• Private Sector- Multinationals, national and local- Informal sector
• Civil Society- NGOs, associations, unions- Social movements, Churches, Mafia and Triads...
Processes
• “What’s going on”
• How the policies are formed and how they are implemented
• Are the processes enhancing or constraining livelihood options?
PIPs can affect:
• Access to, and control of, assets
• The terms of exchange
• Incentives
• Creation of assets
• Inter-personal relations
Vulnerability Context
• Shocks• Stresses• Trends
Livelihood Assets
Human
Social
Physical
Financial
Natural
Livelihood Strategies
• Diversification• migration
Policies, Institutions &
processes•Law•Cultural norms•Organisations at
all levels•Private, public,
civil society
Livelihood Outcomes
• + Sustainable use of resource base
• + Income• + Well-being• Reduced
vulnerability• + Food security
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