Swing Hierarchy Swing classes derived from JComponent will be lightweight, written entirely in Java....

Swing Hierarchy

Swing classes derived from JComponent will be lightweight,

written entirely in Java.

The top-level Swing windows are

heavyweight. They depend on the native

system.

javax.swing

Component

Container

Panel

WindowFrame

Dialog

Object java.lang

JApplet

java.awt

java.applet Applet

JDialog

JFrame

JWindow

JComponent

Class

extends

Key

Abstract Class

implements

Interface

Package

Swing Programs

• Four basic types of Top Level Window– JFrame, a top level window decorated like a native

window– JWindow, an undecorated stand-alone window (splash-

screen)– JApplet, an embeddable applet– JDialog, a popup dialog window

• Each program type is implemented as a framework class

Swing Hierarchy (Part II)

Swing components names start with ‘J’.

JButton

JMenuItem

Class

extends

Key

Abstract Class

implements

Interface

Package

Objectjava.lang

JComponent

java.awt

Component

Container

avax.swing

AbstractButton

JToggleButton

JMenu

JLabel

JTextComponent

JTextField

JTextArea

JPasswordField

JCheckbox

JRadioButton

JPopupMenu

JPanel

JMenuBar

JScrollPane

JList

JOptionPane

Event Classes

Components Events DescriptionButton, JButton ActionEvent User clicked buttonCheckBox, JCheckBox ItemEvent User toggled a checkboxCheckboxMenuItem, JCheckboxMenuItem ItemEvent User toggled a checkboxChoice, JPopupMenu ItemEvent User selected a choiceComponent, JComponent ComponentEvent Component was moved or resized  FocusEvent Component acquired or lost focus  KeyEvent User typed a key  MouseEvent User manipulated the mouseContainer, JContainer ContainerEvent Component added/removed from containerList, JList ActionEvent User double-clicked a list item  ItemEvent User clicked a list itemMenu, JMenu ActionEvent User selected menu itemScrollbar, JScrollbar AdjustmentEvent User moved scrollbarTextComponent, JTextComponent TextEvent User edited textTextField, JTextField ActionEvent User typed Enter keyWindow, JWindow WindowEvent User manipulated window

AWT events for each type of component.AWT events for each type of component.

New Swing Event Classes

Component Events DescriptionJPopupMenu PopupMenuEvent User selected a choiceJComponent AncestorEvent An event occurred in an ancestorJList ListSelectionEvent User double-clicked a list item  ListDataEvent List's contents were changedJMenu MenuEvent User selected menu itemJTextComponent CaretEvent Mouse clicked in text  UndoableEditEvent An undoable edit has occurredJTable TableModelEvent Items added/removed from table  TableColumnModelEvent A table column was movedJTree TreeModelEvent Items added/removed from tree  TreeSelectionEvent User selected a tree node  TreeExpansionEvent User changed tree nodeJWindow WindowEvent User manipulated window

Newly defined Swing eventsNewly defined Swing events..

GUI Design: Choosing Basic Components Swing objects for input, output, control, Swing objects for input, output, control,

guidance:guidance: GuidanceGuidance: A : A JLabelJLabel displays a short string of displays a short string of

text or an image. It can serve as a prompt. text or an image. It can serve as a prompt. InputInput: A : A JTextFieldJTextField allows editing of a single allows editing of a single

line of text. It can get the user’s input.line of text. It can get the user’s input. OutputOutput: A : A JTextAreaJTextArea allows editing of allows editing of

multiple lines of text. We’ll use it to display multiple lines of text. We’ll use it to display results.results.

ControlControl: A : A JButtonJButton is an action control. By is an action control. By implementing the implementing the ActionListenerActionListener interface we interface we will handle the user's action eventswill handle the user's action events..

Types of Layout Managers

Manager Descriptionjava.awt.BorderLayout Arranges elements along the north, south, east, west, and in the center of the container.java.swing.BoxLayout Arranges elements in a single row or single column.java.awt.CardLayout Arranges elements like a stack of cards, with one visible at a time.java.awt.FlowLayout Arranges elements left to right across the

container.java.awt.GridBagLayout Arranges elements in a grid of variable sized cells (complicated).java.awt.GridLayout Arranges elements into a two-dimensional grid of equally sized cells.java.swing.OverlayLayout Arranges elements on top of each other.

Default Layout Managers

Container Layout ManagerJApplet BorderLayout (on its content pane)JBox BoxLayoutJDialog BorderLayout (on its content pane)JFrame BorderLayout (on its content pane)JPanel FlowLayoutJWindow BorderLayout (on its content pane)

In AWT, the default layout for applets was

FlowLayout.

Top-level windows use BorderLayout

• JTextField method setFont (inherited by JTextField indirectly from class Component) sets the font of the JTextField to a new Font (package java.awt).

• String passed to the JCheckBox constructor is the checkbox label that appears to the right of the JCheckBox by default.

• When the user clicks a JCheckBox, an ItemEvent occurs. – Handled by an ItemListener object, which must implement method

itemStateChanged. • An ItemListener is registered with method addItemListener.• JCheckBox method isSelected returns true if a JCheckBox is

selected.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Painting

• When a GUI needs to change its visual appearance it performs a paint operation

• Swing components generally repaint themselves as needed

• Painting code executes on the event-dispatching thread– If painting takes a long time, no events will be

handled during that time

Example

import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*;

public class Painting extends JPanel { public Painting() {}

public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {super.paintComponent(g);g.setColor( Color.yellow ); g.fillOval( 10,10,50,50 );g.setColor( Color.black ); g.drawOval( 10,10,50,50 );

}

public static void main( String args[] ) {JFrame win = new JFrame( "Painting" );win.setSize(100, 100);win.getContentPane().add( new Painting() );win.setvisible(true);

}}

The Graphics Object

• The Graphics object both a context for painting and methods for performing the painting.

• The graphics context consists of state such as the current painting color, the current font, and the current painting area– The color and font are initialized to the foreground color

and font of the component just before the invocation of paintComponent

The Coordinate System

• Each component has its own integer coordinate system– Ranging from (0, 0) to (width - 1, height - 1)– Each unit represents the size of one pixel

Color

• Combinations of Red, Green, Blue• Each [0, 255]

• Java: new Color(255, 150, 0)

Hokie Orange

Font

• Color and font:• g2.setColor( new Color(r,g,b) );• g2.setFont( new Font(…) );

• new font(“Serif”, Font.BOLD, Font.Italic, 18);

Re-Paint

• Screen is like a painter’s canvas• All windows paint on the same surface!• Windows don’t “remember” whats under them

• Need to re-paint when portions are newly exposed

• Receive Repaint events• Open, resize, bring to front• When other windows in front move, resize, close

MVC Paradigm

• The MVC paradigm breaks applications or interfaces into three parts: the model, the view, and the controller.

Users interact with a controller (e.g., buttons), and make changes to the model (e.g., data), which is then reflected in the view (e.g., graph).

A --> 25 %B --> 60 %C --> 15 %

Model

View(s)

Draw Graph

Control

MVC Relationships

Model View

Controller

MVC Relationships

The Controller has references to both the view and the model; the controller is the base of the triad.

The Model might have a reference to the view, to allow for notification of changes. The model does not know who controls it, however.

The View has a reference to the model, for gathering data. View also has reference to the Controller, to notify of successful updates. (References are minimal, perhaps to a base class, to allow swapping of controls.)

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• Many event-listener interfaces contain multiple methods.

• An adapter class implements an interface and provides a default implementation (with an empty method body) of each method in the interface.

• You extend an adapter class to inherit the default implementation of every method and override only the method(s) you need for event handling.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

• Interface MouseWheelListener enables applications to respond to the rotation of a mouse wheel.

• Method mouseWheelMoved receives a MouseWheelEvent as its argument.

• Class MouseWheelEvent (a subclass of Mouse-Event) contains methods that enable the event handler to obtain information about the amount of wheel rotation.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

• Class Point (package java.awt) represents an x-y coordinate. – We use objects of this class to store the coordinates of each mouse

drag event.

• Class Graphics is used to draw. • MouseEvent method getPoint obtains the Point

where the event occurred. • Method repaint (inherited from Component) indicates

that a Component should be refreshed on the screen as soon as possible.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

• Graphics method fillOval draws a solid oval. – Four parameters represent a rectangular area (called the bounding

box) in which the oval is displayed. – The first two are the upper-left x-coordinate and the upper-left y-

coordinate of the rectangular area. – The last two represent the rectangular area’s width and height.

• Method fillOval draws the oval so it touches the middle of each side of the rectangular area.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

(C) 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.