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System Design of AMHS using Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Technology for Semiconductor
Wafer FAB
Young Jae Jang, PhDMin Seok LeeJin Hyeok Park
Industrial and Systems EngineeringKAIST
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Goals of the Talk
• Introduce the new AMHS solution with wireless power transfer technology
• Present the current research progress
• Provide the researchers with the new research area and opportunities
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
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Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)
• Introduction to wireless power transfer– Nikola Tesla (1904)
• Tesla's Tower • Supply Wireless Power to Run All
the Earth’s Industry• Faraday’s Law of Induction in
Maxwell’s Equations
– Marin Soljačić (2006)• Andre Kurs, et al., “Wireless
Power Transfer via StronglyCoupled Magnetic Resonances,”Science, vol. 317. no. 5834, pp. 83-86, July 6, 2006
• Strongly coupled self-resonantcoils
• http://www.witricity.com/pages/papers.html
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
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WTP Applications
• Smart phones• Smart watches• Tooth brush
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
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WTP Applications
• On‐Line Electric Vehicle (OLEV) at KAIST• OLEV is the official name for the KAIST wireless charging EVs
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
Plug-InElectric Vehicle
Stationary Wireless Charging
E..V.
On-Line Electric Vehicle
(OLEV)
On-Line Electric Vehicle
(OLEV)
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Wireless Charging Electric Vehicle• KAIST OLEV System currently operating at the KAIST campus,
Gumi City, and Sejong City
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
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New Research Opportunity
• Wireless Charging EV has been established as an emerging research topic in the area of power electronics and other electrical engineering related fields
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
IEEE Electrification (2013) IEEE Microwave Mag (2011)
IEEE Trans. Power ElectronicsSpecial Issue on Wireless Power
(2014)
However, Wireless Charging EV is still new to Transportation and ITS communities
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WPT in Semiconductor FAB
• WTP technology used in LCD Stockers
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
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Wireless Charging OHT
• Dynamic charging for OHT– Charging is done while vehicles are in motion
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
Power track supplying the powerPower Track Power Track
OHT
Battery pack
Time
SOC
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Wireless Charging OHT
• Advantage– No idle vehicle for charging
• ~ 15% vehicles are idle for charging in a FAB X– No charging points – space is saved– No reroute for charging
• Disadvantage– EMI and electric wave – power track allocation is restricted
– Expensive – power tracks and battery pack size
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
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Allocation of Power Tracks
• Where to allocate the power track?
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
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Why It is a Challenging Problem?• Allocation restrictions• Cost trade‐off
– Trade‐off between the battery size and the allocation of the power transmitter– Two extreme cases– The transmitter units are installed on the entire route – No battery is needed– No transmitter is installed and the vehicle is equipped with a large battery
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
Battery cost
PowerTransmitter
Cost
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Goals of the Optimization Model
• Evaluate the optimal allocation of the transmitter units and the battery size
• Input values are the vehicle velocity profile, route information, and other physical factors
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
• Vehicle velocity profile• Number of vehicles• Route information
• Cost factors• Physical factors
of the vehicle
OptimizationModel
• Optimal allocationof the transmitters
• Battery size
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Modeling Approach
• Analytical vehicle power flowing model is used for the power requirement evaluation
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
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Energy Dynamics
Iti
f Pbat (t)dtti
f
ti1o
Ilow , i 1,2,...,n1
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Energy Dynamics
Iti1
f Min Ihigh , Iti
f Pbat (t)dt ICS (ti1f ti1
o )ti
f
ti1f
, i 1,2,...,n1
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Energy Dynamics
Iti1
f Min Ihigh , Iti
f Pbat (t)dt ICS (ti1f ti1
o )ti
f
ti1f
, i 1,2,...,n1
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Foundation of the Optimization Model
Ihigh Pbat (t)dt Ilow0
t1o
I
t1f Min Ihigh , Ihigh Pbat (t)dt ICS (ti
f tio )
0
t1f
I
tif Pbat (t)dt
tif
ti1o
Ilow , i 1,2,...,n1
Iti1
f Min Ihigh , Iti
f Pbat (t)dt ICS (ti1f ti1
o )ti
f
ti1f
, i 1,2,...,n1
xio xi
f , i 1,...,nxi
f xi1o , i 1,...,n1, and
yii L.
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Multiple Route Problem
• Multiple Route, Multiple Stations Model• Multiple route: m number of route (route j = 1,…, m)• Stations: mj number of stations on route j• Example routes
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
STK STK
STK STK
STK
STK
STK
STK
STK STK
STK STK
STK STK
STK STK
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• Multiple Route, Multiple Stations Model– Multiple route: m number of route (route j = 1,…, m)– Stations: mj number of stations on route j– Example routes
• 7 routes• 5 stations on each route
Multiple Route Problem
1
2 3
4 5
6 7
: Station
Cost benefit: Shared stations by different
routes
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MIP Model for Multiple Route
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Preliminary Numerical Results
• Example case– Consisting of 120 candidate spots– Demand data based on the distance are already given
– Hypothetical 6 loops passing through some of total stations
– CPLEX 12.5 and GA implemented on MATLAB are used to find solutions
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Numerical Analysis
• Numerical experiment resultsDescription Calculation time(s) Minimum cost
Algorithm CPLEX GA CPLEX GA Difference (%)
One route 0.74 385.48 325,100 325,100 0
Two routes 1.26 455.32 611,900 611,900 0
Three routes 409.89 435.47 967,400 977,900 1.09
Four routes 619.68 443.54 1,074,000 1,108,000 3.17
Five routes 902.86 434.87 1,266,600 1,325,100 4.62
Six routes 40,828.58 437.52 1,366,000 1,445,400 5.81
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Numerical Analysis
• Numerical experiment results
Rapidly increase in CPLEX
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Conclusion
• Introduced the new AMHS solution using WPT
• Presented system design issue in the wireless charging based OHT
• Proposed the mathematical optimization for the allocation of the power tracks and battery size
• Presented the preliminary solutions using GA
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
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Future Direction
• Utilizing the from‐to moves• Incorporating stochastic behaviors• Performing cost‐benefit analysis comparing to other
solutions
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
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Future Direction
• Developing the integrated solution• Building prototypes
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
ComponentDesign
Mech/Elec.System
SystemDesign
StaticOptimizationSimulation
DBTrafficDB
GIS DBSystem +Traffic Info
DynamicOptimizationSimulation
Components
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Reference• Young Dae Ko and Young Jae Jang, "The Optimal System Design of the Online Electric Vehicle Utilizing Wireless Power Transmission Technology", IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 1255‐1265, September 2013
• Young Jae Jang, Eun Suk Suh, and Jong Woo Kim, "System Architecture and Mathematical Models of Electric Transit Bus System Utilizing Wireless Power Transfer Technology." IEEE Systems Journal, 2015, On‐Line First is available
• Seungmin Jeong, Young Jae Jang, and Dongsuk Kum, Economic Analysis of the Dynamic Charging Electric Vehicle, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015 ‐ Accepted ‐ Online First is available
• Young Jae Jang, , Seungmin Jeong, Young Dae Ko, System optimization of the On‐Line Electric Vehicle operating in a closed environment, Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume 80, February 2015, Pages 222–235
Copyright © Young Jae JANG
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