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Systèmes distribuésLe futur des systèmes d’information est:
NetworkedDiverseNumerousMobileUbiquitous
•Systèmes multiagents
•Middlewares:
•CORBA
•JINI
•HLA
•WOS
•etc.
Systèmes Multiagents
• Ensemble de plusieurs agents logiciels capables d’interagir en vue de :
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• Coopérer
• Coéxister
• Compétionner
Systèmes Multiagents
• Chaque agent possède des informations et des compétences restreintes
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• Pas de système central de contrôle• Données et informations décentralisées• Fonctionnement asynchrone
Communication
• Efficacité d'un système multiagent dépend de l'efficacité de ses communications.
•Utilisation de JatLite.•Utilisation de KQML.•Création d'un langage de requête NetSA.
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JatLite
• Java Agent Template Lite (Stanford).
• Ensemble de classes Java pour la communication entre agents.• Utilisation d'un routeur de messages (AMR).• Renforce la robustesse du SMA.• Très utile pour les agents mobiles et les applets.
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KQML
• Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language.
Basé sur les actes du langage.
Contenu
Message
Communication• Émetteur
• Récepteur
• Nature de la communication
• Langage
• Ontologie
• Acte du langage
• Contenu du message
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KQML (suite)
Sender : Agent-Appelant
Receiver : Agent-Ressource
Performative : ask-one
Reply-with : 98061018232671
In-reply-to : null
Context: db-query
Content : [in]First-name =
"Marc";Last-name =
"Côté";NAS = 123
456 789;[out]Salary;Age;Sex;
KQMLKQML KQMLKQML (étendu) (étendu)
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Architecture Multi-agent
Architecture générique pour un système à l’aide de décision basée sur l’architecture NetSA
Systèmes globaux
– Virtual communities: shared contexts and adaptive, dynamic management of federations
– Generic system and programming environment: versioning for flexibility and self-organization, common communication protocol
– Metacomputing/Grid computing: Transparent remote execution and transparent distributed file system access
any-time, any-where, any-service, any-medium
The WOS for
WOS Overview
• Each node is client and server at the same time
• The nodes may form communities
• Each node maintains information warehouses
• Uniform communication layer• Minimal set of services
– Search and discovery– Warehouse management
WO
S C
om
mu
nic
atio
n L
aye
r
Remote Resource Control Unit
(RRCU)
Remote Resource Control Unit
(RRCU)Resource Control
Unit (RCU)Resource Control
Unit (RCU)
Client Side WOS NodeClient Side WOS Node Server Side WOS NodeServer Side WOS Node
Graphical User Interface
Graphical User Interface
Ware-houseWare-house
Ware-houseWare-house
The WOS is a set of versioned nodes where each node offers a minimal set of services
WOS Noeud
Local Host:
CPU TimeMemory Access
Services(hardware and software)
RemoteResourceControl
SearchControl
UserResourceControl
ExecutionControl
JobControl
Network
Network
WO
SR
P/W
OS
PW
OS
RP
/WO
SPW
OS
RP
/WO
SP
WO
SR
P/W
OS
P
Sea
rch R
esults
User Profiles
List
of
Sha
red
Res
ourc
es
Ap
plic
atio
n P
rog
ram
min
gIn
terf
ace
Use
r Inte
rface
Host Machine ManagerEduction & Search Engine
WarehouseEduction & Search Engine
Warehouse
User Manager
Web Operating System - Warehouses
• Resource database• Resource management• Resource cache• Passive Warehouses
– storage for service information– information out of date, must be replaced
• Active Warehouses– information obtained from which other warehouse
• Adaptive Warehouses– user profiles and access statistics: update of information
Web Operating System - Resources
• Versioned Services• Applications• Platforms• Hardware• …
Web Operating System - Eductive Engines
?
• Provides services using a warehouse • Reactive system• Responds to requests• Eduction (Oxford English Dictionary):
“The action of drawing forth, eliciting, or developing from a state of latent, rudimentary, or potential existence; the action of educing (principles, results or calculations) from the data.”
Web Operating System - WOS Node
?
Eductive engine + Warehouse
Web Operating System - WOSNet
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Network of WOS Nodes
• Eductive engine• Warehouse
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Web Operating System - Operation
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Web Operating System - Operation
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Web Operating System - Operation
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Web Operating System - Operation
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Communication dans le WOS
• Composante centrale du WOS– C’est le “glue” du système
• Le WOS Protocol (WOSP)– Simple syntaxe générique– Extensible : une version de WOSP
• Est la spécialisation de la syntaxe générique • Définie la sémantique de communication pour une classe de services
• Le WOS Request Protocol (WOSRP)– Localisation de nœuds WOS– Échange d’information sur des versions WOSP version– Établissement de WOSP connexions
WOS interfaces
Type Name ValueEXECUTE name of execution command command identifier
QUERY name of query command command identifier
SETUP name of setup command command identifier
REPLY identifier of command to which this is a reply command identifier
DATA name of data field value of data field
METADATA name of metadata field value of metadata field
FILE local name of data file not used
Title: (interf-WOSP.eps) Creator: Adobe Illustrator(TM) 6.0 Preview: This EPS picture was not saved with a preview (TIFF or PICT) included in it Comment: This EPS picture will print to a Title: (WOSP1.eps) Creator: Adobe Illustrator(TM) 3.2 Preview: This EPS picture was not saved with a preview (TIFF or PICT) included in it Title: (WOSRP_msg.eps) Creator: Adobe Illustrator(TM) 6.0 Preview: This EPS picture was not saved with a preview (TIFF or PICT) included in it Comment: This EPS picture will print to a postscript
WOS for High Performance Computing
• Using the WOS for HPC configuration phase– Locating remote nodes that can potentially execute an
HPC application – Reserving remote resources on these nodes
• Using the WOS for HPC set-up phase– Distributing the HPC application code and data– Potentially, compiling HPC application on demand– Launching the HPC application
• The HPC application relies on its own communication scheme for execution
WOS for HPC:Locating potential nodes
WOS for HPC:reserving resources
Système global
Service Provider: e-mail stock quotes GSM gateway supercomputer
Supercomputer
Residential userusing e-mail at home
Legend:
connecting services
using services
WOS compliant e-mailservice
User travelingReceiving stock quotes ande-mail via GSM
At workusing supercomputer cycles
Stock quotes
WOS Service SpaceGSM Service
Intégration de « Smart networked Objects »
• « smart » : nécessite une certaine intelligence
• Réseaux spontanés
• Communautés
• Communication transparente
• Human Computer Interfaces appropriés
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