Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Observing Cetaceans from Pioneer Seamount SFSU...

Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005

Observing Cetaceans from Pioneer Seamount

SFSU Pacific Oceanography ProjectMichael Hoffman, Carl Vuosalo, and Roger Bland, Physics and Astronomy

Department and RTC

Newell Garfield, Geosciences Dept and RTC

SFSU Pacific Oceanography ProjectMichael Hoffman, Carl Vuosalo, and Roger Bland, Physics and

Astronomy Department and RTCNewell Garfield, Geosciences Dept and RTC

1. History (and Fate) of Pioneer Seamount

2. Looking at the Data

3. Species

4. Results of Blue Whale call measurement.

5. The mystery of the 52 Hz Whale

6. Conclusions

Observing Cetaceans from Pioneer Seamount

PIONEER SEAMOUNT OBSERVATORY

MAVERICK’S BREAK

MISSILE-TRACKING STATION

THE RON H. BROWN

Acoustic Temperature of Ocean Climate (ATOC) Experiment

ATOC Acoustic Sources

PIONEER SEAMOUNT KAUAI

Pioneer

Seamount

1 MHz BW

4 analog signals @

1 kHz ea

Pillar Point; digitize, buffer data

Pac Bell ADSL

PMEL NOAA, Newport, Or

internet ftp

2 hrs = 63 MB

SFSU Archive

www.physics.sfsu.edu/

~seamountThe World

20 GB/month

How do we get the sound?

Raw Data

3 minutes

1 second

How do we look at the sound?

• Spectrograms show us the different tones found in a recording of sound.

15 min

500 Hz

Naval Postgraduate School Source Deployments

RAFOS Frequency -Swept Sources

15 min

500 Hz

broadband (experimental)

narrowband

500 Hz

Earthquakes

Ship Sounds

Wind 1x

Animal Sounds

dolphin frequencies too high for PSM

100 Hz to several kHz

Pioneer S.M. sensitive up to 450 Hz

2 to 50 kHz

Animal SoundsSCALING: How low can you go?

512 Hz (high C)

10,000 Hz

1x Can You Name that Whale?

25 min

500 Hz

Humpback Whales10x

1xMegaptera novaengliea

25 min

500 Hz

10x Can You Name that Whale?

15 min

500 Hz

Finback Whales10x

Balaenoptera physalus

15 min

500 Hz

Whale Zoo at Pioneer Seamount10x

time0 15 min

500 Hz

Can You Name This Whale?10x

time0 15 min

500 Hz

Blue Whale

“A” call “B” call

10xBalaenoptera musculus

The “A” call1x

The “B” Call1x

“C” Call10x

“A-B” Calling Sequence

A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A

Rapid “B” calling10x

“Maaa Ma”10x

“D” Calls

• Identified as Blue Whales calls by: Mark A. Mc Donald, John Calambokidis, Arthur Teranishi and John A. Hildebrand, The Acoustic calls of blue whales off California with gender data, Journ. J Acoustic Soc. of Am 109 (4), April 2001.

Blue Whales Talking?

time0 15 min

500 Hz

MATCHED-FILTER DETECTION

dttrtsc )()()( -10 -5 5 10

dttrtsc )()()(

Finding Calls Automatically

Finding Calls Automatically: 6,000

detections

6 pm PST 6 am PST

Day vs. Night time calling

Seasonal Variability

Curve fitting with linear chirp

Frequency and Slope Results:16.01Hz with 0.1 Hz variation

How Do they Do it?

Graphics from Aroyan, McDonald, Webb, Hildebrand, Clark, Laitman and Reidenberg, “Acoustic Models of Sound Production and Propagation,” in Hearing by Whales and Dolphins, ed. Au, Popper and Fay (Springer,2000) p. 409-469.

Time between calls: all “B” calls

“A-B” calling:T=128 sec=8 sec

“B-only” calling:T=50 sec=3 sec

A A AB B B

Watkins et al: the “52 Hz whale.

Twelve years of tracking 52-Hz whale calls from a unique source in the North Pacific

Watkins, Daher, George and Rodriguez (Woods Hole), Deep-Sea Research I 51 (2004) 1889

52 Hz (n=3)

69 Hz (n=4)

17 Hz (n=1)

35 Hz (n=2)

87 Hz (n=5)

52 Hz (n=3)

69 Hz (n=4)

17 Hz (n=1)

35 Hz (n=2)

87 Hz (n=5)

Rapid “B” calling

48.6 Hz (n=3)

64 Hz (n=3)

80 Hz (n=3)

32 Hz (n=3)

16 Hz (n=3)

48.1sec

47.3sec

48.1sec

48.2sec

48.5sec

48.2sec

47.3sec

The Three “B” Calls

Watkins et al: the “52 Hz whale.

Tracks of cetaceousperigrinations

You are here.

PioneerSeamount,

Oct. 11

StartAug. 22

Aug. 30

Oct. 23

Dec. 7

Jan. 13

Conclusions

• We see a lot of interesting Blue Whale behavior just by listening.

• Blue Whales are better at singing than humans. (perfect pitch)

• They have very precise timing.

• We still know almost nothing about the role of these sounds in their lives.

Speculations/Questions

• The Whales seem to match their pitch to each other. Is the pitch set by some social-hierarchy?

• This frequency may be getting lower due to the population aging. (Whaling was outlawed in the ~1930’s so these are baby boomer Whales.)

• Whale society may not yet be ready for Finn-Blue intermarriage.

• What do you think?

E=Mc^2

Thanks!

This work would not have been possible without the help and guidance of the following people :

• The Whales.• The American Cetacean Society- SF Bay esp. Doreen Moser• Jim Mercer and University of Washington group.• Chris Fox, Dave Mellinger and Sharon Nieukirk at PMEL• Ching Sang-Chiu at the Naval Post-Graduate School, Monterey• Mark McDonald • The Physics and Astronomy Department and the Romberg Tiburon Center, San

Francisco State University.• Roger Bland at San Francisco State University. • AND ALL OF YOU !!AND ALL OF YOU !!

Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Observing Cetaceans from Pioneer Seamount SFSU...

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