TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1 Upon completion you will be able to: IP Over ATM Review the features of an...

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1

Upon completion you will be able to:

IP Over ATMIP Over ATM

• Review the features of an ATM WAN• Understand how an a datagram can pass through an ATM WAN• Understand how an IP packet is encapsulated in cells• Understand how cells are routed in an ATM network• Understand the function of ATMARP

Objectives

A cell network uses the cell as the basic A cell network uses the cell as the basic unit of data exchange. A cell is defined as a unit of data exchange. A cell is defined as a

small, fixed-size block of information.small, fixed-size block of information.

Note:Note:

Figure 3.23 ATM multiplexing

Figure 3.24 Architecture of an ATM network

Figure 3.25 Virtual circuits

Note that a virtual connection is defined by Note that a virtual connection is defined by a pair of numbers: a pair of numbers:

the the VPIVPI and the and the VCIVCI..

Note:Note:

Figure 3.26 An ATM cell

Figure 3.27 ATM layers

The IP protocol uses the The IP protocol uses the AAL5AAL5 sublayer. sublayer.

Note:Note:

Figure 23.2 ATM layers in routers and switches

The only AAL used by the Internet is AAL5, sometimes called the simple The only AAL used by the Internet is AAL5, sometimes called the simple and efficient adaptation layer (SEAL). and efficient adaptation layer (SEAL).

End devices such as routers use all three layers, while switches use only

the bottom two layers.

Note:Note:

Figure 23.3 AAL5

The AAL layer used by the IP protocol is AAL5.

Note:Note:

Figure 23.4 ATM layer

Figure 23.5 ATM headers

23.2 CARRYING A DATAGRAM IN CELLS

We show how an example of a datagram encapsulated in four cells and We show how an example of a datagram encapsulated in four cells and transmitted through an ATM network.transmitted through an ATM network.

The topics discussed in this section include:The topics discussed in this section include:

Why Use AAL5? Why Use AAL5?

Figure 23.6 Fragmentation

Only the last cell carries the 8-byte trailer added to the IP datagram.

Padding can be added only to the last cell or the last two cells.

Note:Note:

The value of the PT field is 000 in all cells carrying an IP datagram

fragment except for the last cell; the value is 001 in the last cell.

Note:Note:

Figure 23.7 ATM cells

23.3 ROUTING THE CELLS

The ATM network creates a route between two routers. We call these The ATM network creates a route between two routers. We call these routers entering-point and exiting-point routers.routers entering-point and exiting-point routers.

Addresses Addresses Address Binding Address Binding

Figure 23.8 Entering-point and exiting-point routers

23.4 ATMARP

ATMARP finds (maps) the physical address of the exiting-point router ATMARP finds (maps) the physical address of the exiting-point router given the IP address of the exiting-point router. No broadcasting is given the IP address of the exiting-point router. No broadcasting is involved.involved.

Packet Format Packet Format ATMARP Operation ATMARP Operation

Figure 23.9 ATMARP packet

Table 23.1 Table 23.1 OPER fieldOPER field

The inverse request and inverse reply messages can bind the physical

address to an IP address in a PVC situation.

Note:Note:

Figure 23.10 Binding with PVC

Figure 23.11 Binding with ATMARP

The request and reply message can be used to bind a physical address to an

IP address in an SVC situation.

Note:Note:

The inverse request and inverse reply can also be used to build the server’s

mapping table.

Note:Note:

Figure 23.12 Building a table

23.5 LOGICAL IP SUBNET (LIS)

An ATM network can be divided into logical (not physical) subnetworks. An ATM network can be divided into logical (not physical) subnetworks. This facilitates the operation of ATMARP and other protocols (such as This facilitates the operation of ATMARP and other protocols (such as IGMP) that need to simulate broadcasting on an ATM network.IGMP) that need to simulate broadcasting on an ATM network.

Figure 23.13 LIS

LIS allows an ATM network to be divided into several logical subnets. To

use ATMARP, we need a separate server for each subnet.

Note:Note:

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1 Upon completion you will be able to: IP Over ATM Review the features of an...

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