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Temperature
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is using a thermometer
There are four types of temperature scales:
o Metric = ________Celsius
o SI= ________Kelvin
o English = ________ and _________Fahrenheit RankineCommonly used in US for weather
Used in aerospace industry.(English equivalent to Kelvin scale)
The most common thermometer used in labs is the Celsius thermometer.
The Kelvin scale is based on the concept of Absolute Zero.
Absolute zero (0 Kelvin) is the coldest possible temperature.
Converting Temperature:
Celsius to Kelvin: K = °C + 273
Kelvin is 273 greater than Celsius.
Kelvin to Celsius: °C = K - 273
Kelvin temperatures will always be positive numbers
Converting Temperature:
Celsius to Kelvin: K = °C + 273
Kelvin to Celsius: °C = K - 273
The size of the Kelvin and Celsius degree are the same.
The size the Fahrenheit degree is smaller than the size of the Kelvin or Celsius degree.
Freezing water to boiling water: 0 °C to 100 °C or 273 K to 373 K
Both are 100 degree difference
Freezing water to boiling water: 0 °C to 100 °C or 32 ° F to 212 ° F
A change of 1 °C = 1.8 ° F A 100 degree difference for Celsius.A 180 degree difference for Fahrenheit.
212 – 32 = 180
Converting the following temperatures:
Celsius to Kelvin: K = °C + 273
Kelvin is 273 greater than Celsius.
Kelvin to Celsius: °C = K - 273
Freezing point of water
Normal room temperature
0°C = ________ K 25°C = ________ K
K = °C + 273
K = 0 + 273K = 273 K
K = °C + 273
K = 25 + 273K = 298 K
273 298
Converting the following temperatures:
Celsius to Kelvin: K = °C + 273
Kelvin is 273 greater than Celsius.
Kelvin to Celsius: °C = K - 273
Human body temperature
A warm fall day
37°C = _______ K 300 K = _______ °C
K = °C + 273
K = 37 + 273K = 310 K °C = 27 °C
°C = K - 273
°C = 300 - 273
310 27
0 K
Comparing all four temperature scales.
- 273.15 °C - 459.4 °F 0 °RAbsolute zero
273 K 0 °C 32 °F 491.4 °RFreezing point for water
373 K 100 °C 212 °F 671.4 °RBoiling point for water
310 K 37 °C 98.6 °F 558 °RNormal Human body temp.
Ch. 4 (Unit Conversions)
Factor-Label Method
Factor-Label Method1. _______ lb. = 235 g
235 g = lb.g
lb.X
454 g = 1 lb.454
0.5176
1
0.518
Factor-Label Method2. _______ in. = 16.0 ft.
16.0 ft. = in.ft.
in.X
12 in. = 1 ft.12
192
1
192
Factor-Label Method3. _______ L = 18.0 gal
18.0 gal
= Lgal
LX
1 gal = 3.78 L1
68.04
3.78
68.0
Factor-Label Method4. _______ ft = 400 m
400 m = ftm
ft.X
1 m = 3.28 ft1
1312
3.28
1000
1 significant figure
5. _______ miles = 5 km
5 km = mi.
1 km1000 m
X
=
3.1063X X
1 m3.28 ft=1 mile5,280 ft
Conversion Factors
1000 m 1 km
3.28 ft 1 m=5,280 ft 1 mile
On Calculator: 5 x 1000 x 3.28 ÷ 5280 = 3.106060606
Law of Conservation of Matter:
Matter is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical change.
Reactants Products
Total mass of
reactants =
Total mass of
products
Chemistry Interactive Review:
Internet practice:
Counting significant figures
http://www.sciencegeek.net/Chemistry/taters/directory.shtml
Significant figure practice
As a lab group complete the following:
Complete activity as many times as possible to get 75 % or higher. Show the teacher your result and it will be the grade for every person in the group.
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