Territorial analysis: area and flow Territorial ... · Municipalities (Local municipal plans -...

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Prof. Doutora Maria do Rosário Partidário!

Environment and Territory Management!

!Territorial analysis: area and flow

Territorial environmental components

Territorial restrictions

Scales and units for analysis

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

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Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

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Environmental planning: Area and flow!

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

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Substance flow regulation!

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Spatial planning vs environmental permits!

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Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

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Discussion in pairs!Flow and/or area thinking?How would you approach: - Noise problems - Emissions from traffic - Quality of surface water - Use of pesticides in agriculture

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Territorial Environmental Components!

Biophysical variables- describe the biological and physical characteristics of the territory!!- natural variables – result from natural processes and phenomena!!- anthropic variables – its occurence depends on human action!

!They determine a potential capacity!Include area and flow variables!!

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Territorial Environmental Components!

Socio-economic variables - describe the social characteristics and economic activities of a community!

!They determine a potential capacity but also drivers of change!Include area and flow variables!!

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BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES !!

NATURAL!!TOPOGRAPHY - Interest: baseline

characterization, comfort, risks, stability, potencial, productivity!

!!“Relevo” / Relief – physical configuration!!Hypsometry – altimetric zones!!Slopes - morphological inclination!!Exposition - solar or eolic exposure!

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BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES !!

NATURAL!CLIMATE - interest: comfort, productivity, risks!Macroclimate – major climatic regions!Mesoclimate!•  Temperature!•  Pluviosity!•  Humidity!•  Winds!•  Cloudiness, frost, solar exposure, evaporation and

evapotranspiration !!Microclimate – particular characteristics!

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BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES (cont.) !!

NATURAL!GEOLOGY - interest: stability, !resistence, resources (raw materials)!!GEOLOGY – geological times, formation period of

geological layers!!LITOLOGY – lito-stratigraphy - nature, texture, composition

and other rocks properties!!GEOMORPHOLOGY – explains the genesis and the current

morphology of the territory!

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES (cont.) !!

NATURAL (cont.)!!SOILS - interest: !productivity, permeability and risks!!!Pedological concept!!(Land) Soils use capacity!!Soils self- depuration capacity!

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BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES (cont.) !!

NATURAL (cont.)!!HYDRIC RESOURCES - Interest: supply, energy,

recreational, natural unit and risks!!!Hydropgraphyc network!!Hydrology!!Hydrogeology!

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BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES (cont.) !!NATURAL (cont.)!!BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES - Interest: sensitivities and

potential, scientific and heritage value, recreational and economic value!

!!Ecosystems!!Habitats!!Wetlands!!Fauna!!Flora/vegetation!

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BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES (cont.)!!!

ANTHROPIC!!Active elements in spatial planning, with strong and

direct spatial expression.!Result from human action on the territory and can be in

better or worse balance with natural factors.!!!!

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BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES (cont.)!!!

ANTHROPIC!!SPATIAL (LAND USE) OCCUPATION!Interest: crucial, impossble to do spatial

planning without knowing the occupation (spatial areas and land uses)!!!

!!!

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BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES (cont.)!!!

ANTHROPIC!!LANDSCAPE- interest: open book on the effects of

human action on the territory!!Visual physical expression of natural phenomena (natural landscape) and human action (human landscape)!!Types of landscape!!Landscape quality (value and !!sensitivity)!!Vision index!!Landscape units!

!

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES (cont.)!!

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ANTHROPIC!!HERITAGE – CULTURAL RESOURCES - interest: the

history of a people / society, in a territory, of a civilization!!Etnographic!!Built!!Archaeological!!Cultural activities!

!

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BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES (cont.)!!!

ANTHROPIC!!PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY-

interest: environmental disfunctions or disturbing factors, liabilities!!Water Pollution!!Air Pollution!!Noise!!Solid waste!

!

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BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES (cont.)!!!

ANTHROPIC!!RISKS – natural and resulting from human activities

Sismicity!!Flooding!!Fire!!Erosion!!Land sliding!!Biological and chemical contamination!!Industrial hazards!

!

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SPECIAL RESTRICTIVE AREAS!

!Military!Aeronautic!Radioelectric!Prisons!Monuments – Culture heritage!Airports!Roads!Coastal!Rivers!!

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KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!

1.  POPULATION – DEMOGRAPHY!2.  HOUSING!3.  SOCIAL FACILITIES!4.  ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES!

!!

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!

POPULATION – DEMOGRAPHY- Interest:!!To know the population of a region, one of the key development drivers: Characteristics and dynamic!A less-favoured region loses population, hence loses those that can look after resources, heritage, local. And loses tax payers.!An expanding region multiplies opportunities but may risk equity issues, sound development balance and the maintenance of local characteristics.!

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!POPULATION – DEMOGRAPHY: !

!Population!!Population Density!!Age structure (5 yrs classes; M/F)!!Physiological balance (mortality, new-bornes)!! !!!Active population structure!! !Three sectors: primary, secundary, terciary!! !CAE - Código de Actividade Económica !!Family aggregated revenue!

!!Mobility - work!! ! - school!! ! - emigration/imigration!

!

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POPULATION – DEMOGRAPHY: !Sources of information!!Direct: INE, Population census (each 10 yrs)!

! Municipalities (Local municipal plans - PDMs)!!Indirect: Electoral registry!

! !Nº families x average dimension!! !Direct inquiries!

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!

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PROT-AML!

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!HOUSING - Interest:!!

Assessment of needs and characterization of the community socio-economic level!!More important at urban levels to charaterize the housing availability and quality of construction.!

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!HOUSING VARIABLES: !

!Housing park dimension: nr of units!! Average House dimension : nº rooms, capitação área coberta!! Construction period!! Quality of construction - construction!! - materials!! ! ! - conservation state!! Infra-structures – sewage and waste systems (saneamento)!! ! !- water!! ! !- WTP!! ! !- solid wate collection!! ! !- selective collection!! ! !- demand index (nível de atendimento)!! ! !- eletricity, telephone, natural gaz, cable!

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

HOUSING Sources of information!!Direct: !INE, Population and Housing Census ( each

! !10 yrs)!! ! Municipalities (Local municipal plans - PDMs)!

!Indirect: !Electoral registries!

! !Water counter systems!! !Direct counting, Inquiries!

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!

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Households!

Houses!

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Buildings "age"!

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!

SOCIAL FACILITIES Interest:!!Structure of the social network: nr units of facilities and level of demand, quality of service and future needs.!

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!

SOCIAL FACILITIES education, health, safety, sports, recreation!

!VARIABLES: nr units!

! level of demand!! ! !e.g.: !- prof./100 students!! ! ! !- m2 room/student!! ! ! !- medial doctor/1000 inhab!! ! ! !- pharmacy/1000 inhab!! ! accessibility (areas of influence)!

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SOCIAL FACILITIES Sources of information!!

!Municipalities, Juntas de Freguesia!!Respective ministries (Gab. Estudos e Planeamento)!!Telephone book!

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Interest:!!Wealth and development generator activities in a region.! !Relationship with endogenous resources, dependency in relation to exogenous resources- viability analysis of an activity and the need to keep the endogenous resources!

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES !!AGRICULTURE + FARMING!FORESTRY!FISHERIES!!INDUSTRY (EXTRACTIVE AND TRANSFORMING)!!TOURISM!TRANSPORTS!TRADE AND SERVICES (INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL)!

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ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES VARIABLES!! ! !Employment!! !Units / Areas!! ! !- Productivity Index!! ! ! !- GIP (PIB)!! ! ! !- GAV (VAB) !!! ! ! !- Resources consumption, energy!!

Sources of information!!INE, sectoral statistics!!Sectoral ministries, e.g. Tourism stats (DGT) - annual!!CCRs, DRAOTs!

!Municipalities,including master planning information!

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES!

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PDM-LxNr companies!

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Migratory flows in Europe!

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES MIGRATIONS!

Interest: social capital and mobility!!Spatial and temporal scales!!CLASSIFICATION !Emigration (ways out)!! ! ! !Imigration (entries)!! ! ! !Expatriates!

!! ! ! !Sazonal migration!! ! ! !Long-term migration!! ! ! !Short term migration!

!

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Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES MIGRATIONS!

MIGRATION DRIVERS!! !Employment!! !Housing!! !Education!! !Reform!! !Marriage!! !Socio-cultural supply!

!Migration Data: Census!! ! ! ! Sec. Est. Emigration. Records!! ! ! ! Health Records!! ! ! ! Election registry!

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

DATA INSTRUMENTS!!

Administrative and Geographic units!Cartographic information for spatial

planning !

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NUTS II

!Unidades de Nível I (NUTS I)

1. Portugal Continental 2. Região Autónoma dos Açores 3. Região Autónoma da Madeira

* Alentejo * Algarve * Centro

* Lisboa (substituiu em 2002 a região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo) * Norte

* Região Autónoma dos Açores * Região Autónoma da Madeira

Unidades de Nível II (NUTS II)

NUTS II!http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/

nuts_nomenclature/introduction

Decreto-Lei n.o 244/2002 de 5 de Novembro

NUTS – Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics Nomenclatura de Unidades Territoriais!

!

Unidades de Nível III (NUTS III)

NUTS III!

* Norte (8 NUTS) o Alto Trás-os-Montes (15 municípios; 8171 km²; 223 259 habitantes)

o Ave (8 municípios; 1245 km²; 509 969 habitantes) o Cávado (6 municípios; 1246 km²; 393 064 habitantes) o Douro (19 municípios; 4110 km²; 221 853 habitantes)

o Entre Douro e Vouga (5 municípios; 861 km²; 276 814 habitantes) o Grande Porto (11 municípios; 1024 km²; 1 392 189 habitantes)

o Minho-Lima (10 municípios; 2219 km²; 250 273 habitantes) o Tâmega (12 municípios; 2621 km²; 551 301 habitantes)

* Centro (12 NUTS) o Baixo Mondego (10 municípios; 2063 km²; 340 342 habitantes)

o Baixo Vouga (11 municípios; 1802 km²; 385 725 habitantes) o Beira Interior Norte (9 municípios; 4063 km²; 115 326 habitantes)

o Beira Interior Sul (4 municípios; 3749 km²; 78 127 habitantes) o Cova da Beira (3 municípios; 1375 km²; 93 580 habitantes) o Dão-Lafões (14 municípios; 3489 km²; 286 315 habitantes) o Médio Tejo (10 municípios; 2306 km²; 226 070 habitantes)

o Oeste (12 municípios; 2221 km²; 338 711 habitantes) o Pinhal Interior Norte (14 municípios; 2617 km²; 138 543 habitantes)

o Pinhal Interior Sul (5 municípios; 1903 km²; 44 804 habitantes) o Pinhal Litoral (5 municípios; 1746 km²; 251 014 habitantes) o Serra da Estrela (3 municípios; 868 km²; 49 896 habitantes)

NUTS – Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics Nomenclatura de Unidades Territoriais!

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Unidades de Nível III (NUTS III) (cont.)

NUTS III!

NUTS – Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics Nomenclatura de Unidades Territoriais!

* Lisboa (2 NUTS) o Grande Lisboa (9 municípios; 1382 km²; 2 025 628 habitantes)

o Península de Setúbal (9 municípios; 1581 km²; 782 786 habitantes) * Alentejo (5 NUTS)

o Alentejo Central (14 municípios; 7228 km²; 173 401 habitantes) o Alentejo Litoral (5 municípios; 5303 km²; 99 976 habitantes) o Alto Alentejo (15 municípios; 6248 km²; 127 025 habitantes)

o Baixo Alentejo (13 municípios; 8545 km²; 135 105 habitantes) o Lezíria do Tejo (11 municípios; 4273 km²; 240 832 habitantes)

* Algarve (1 NUTS) o Algarve (16 municípios; 4995 km²; 395 208 habitantes)

# Região Autónoma dos Açores # Região Autónoma da Madeira

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Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidárioGreat Metropolitan Areas, Intermunicipal Communities and Urban

Communities

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Watershed Regions NUTS II!

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IGEO – Informação cartográficahttp://www.igeo.pt/produtos/Inf_cartografica.htm

CORINE Land Coverhttp://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/COR0-landcover

COS – Cartografia de Ocupação do Solohttp://www.igeo.pt/e-IGEO/egeo_downloads.htm