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Territorial configurations of governance: Contrasting rescaling experiences in the UK and Spain. CRESR Seminar, 17 th October 2012 Tony Gore CRESR, Sheffield Hallam University. Introduction. Literature on 'state rescaling' Post-war rescaling episodes in GB - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Territorial configurations of governance: Contrasting rescaling experiences in the UK and Spain
CRESR Seminar, 17th October 2012
Tony GoreCRESR, Sheffield Hallam University
• Literature on 'state rescaling'• Post-war rescaling episodes in GB• Decentralisation and consolidation in
post-Franco Spain• Towards a rescaling typology• Lessons for rescaling thinking and
research
Introduction
• Focus mainly on economic management and regulation: regions, city regions, etc.
• Provision of basic services excluded, but exact division unclear (lack of conceptual precision)
• Processes emphasise elite political strategies rather than social relations/negotiations
• Role of the state often seen in instrumentalist and/or reductionist terms (promotion of economic growth and capital accumulation)
Literature on 'state rescaling'
Local and regional rescaling in GBDecade Local Government Regional Policy/Government1940s LG Boundary Commission report Barlow Report1950s LG Commissions (Eng & Wales)
New Town Dev't CorporationsDevelopment AreasIndustrial Development Certificates
1960s Greater London Council32 London BoroughsLimited mergers & redefinitions
Regional Planning CouncilsSDAs, DAs, IAsLocation of Offices Bureau
1970s Major LG reorganisation (Eng, Wales & Scotland - 2 tier system)Separation of utility boards
Continuation of assisted areasScottish/Welsh Dev't AgenciesRural dev't agencies (MW, NI, H&I)
1980s Abolition of GLC & Met Counties Urban Development CorporationsPrivatisation of utilities
Enterprise ZonesSevere reduction in assisted areas
1990s Move to single tier in Scotland and WalesSimilar move in parts of EnglandUrban Regeneration CompaniesOpen energy/telecomms market
Government Offices for the RegionsEuropean Structural Fund areasTraining and Enterprise Councils
2000s Greater London AuthorityMulti-Area AgreementsSelected LA mergersLA shared service provisionNeighbourhood partnerships
Devolution of powers (Sc, W, NI)Regional Development AgenciesRegional AssembliesEuropean Structural Fund areasPan-regional initiatives
2010s Statutory City RegionsLA shared service provisionCombined authorities
Abolition of RDAsLocal Enterprise PartnershipsRDG, UGF, EZs
Move to single tier LAs in Wales and parts of England, 1996
Type of Change
MergerEnlargementReductionNo Change
Type of Change
MergerEnlargementReductionNo Change
Move to single tier LAs in Scotland, 1996
Type of Change
Part of City RegionCombined AuthorityMerged UnitaryDecision PendingProposal RejectedNo Change
LG merger process in England, 2009-2012
Local Enterprise Partnerships in England
Structure of Government in Spain
Level Spanish Name British Equivalent Consortia
Member
National Gobierno de España (1) Central Government Yes
Regional Comunidades Autónomas (17) Regional Councils Yes
Sub-regional Diputaciones Provinciales (52) Provincial Councils Yes
Inter-municipal Comarcas (117) County Councils Poss
Mancomunidades (1,020) Municipal Associations No
Local Municipios (8116) Local Authorities Yes
Spain: Historical Regions
Spain's Autonomous Communities
Provinces of Spain
Pop'n Range Number % of Total % of Pop'n Avge Size2,000 or less
5,791 71.4 7.2 500
2,001-5,000
1,005 12.4 7.6 3,100
5,001-20,000
922 11.4 20.8 9,400
20,000-50,000
253 3.1 13.3 29,500
50,001 or more
145 1.8 51.1 155,000
All
8,116 100.0 100.0 5,500
Size of Spain's Municipalities, 2011
Country Avge Size of Municipality
% with <5,000 Population
Number with>100,000 Pop'n
Czech Republic 1,650 96 5France 1,700 95 37Slovakia 1,900 95 3Hungary 3,200 91 9Austria 3,500 91 5Latvia 4,350 91 2Spain 5,500 84 63Germany 6,700 77 81Italy 7,300 71 43Greece 10,750 53 8Portugal 34,400 20 23Netherlands 36,900 2 25Denmark 55,500 3 6UK 140,000 0 67EU27 5,400 82 500
Comparison with Selected EU Countries
Device Number Nature Focus
Mancomunidades 1,020 Voluntary horizontal
association between LAs
Delivery of services &
area promotion
Consorcios 981 Voluntary association
between LAs & others
Single function or
interregional
Comarcas 117 Transfer of powers from
above and below
Delivery of services &
area promotion
Áreas Metropolitanas 3 Metropolitan strategic
association
Barcelona, Valencia:
planning/econ. dev't
Legal obligation 2 Metropolitan strategic
association
Barcelona, Madrid:
planning/infrastructure;
selected services
Collaborative local governance in Spain
Comarcas in Catalonia
Comarcalización de Aragón
El Maestrazgo - Location
Cantavieja from below
Cantavieja from above
Comarca del Maestrazgo (Teruel Province)
Comarca del Maestrazgo - Boundaries
Logo for Maestrazgo Comarca
Comarca del Maestrazgo - Main Office
Mancomunidad Turística del Maestrazgo
Logos for Mancomunidad Turística & Parque Cultural
Area covered by Maestrazgo Parque Cultural
Towards a typology of rescaling techniques
Formal Boundary
Changes
Transfer of Powers &
Functions
Cross-Boundary Governance
Enlargement Devolution Voluntary LA associations
Reduction Centralisation Shared service provision
Amalgamation Consolidation/fragmentation Public-private partnerships
Removal of enclaves Removal/addition of tier(s) Pan-regional initiatives
Redrawing Change in fiscal autonomy Special purpose vehicles
Privatisation/marketisation
• Treat state institutions in terms of social relations and hence sites of negotiation
• Examine historical, economic and institutional conditions & frameworks (incl. prior rescaling)
• Trace through processes of negotiation and positions taken by those involved
• Factor in public perceptions re. attachment to places/territories
• Include fiscal arrangements as central: rescaling as power transfer or cost reduction
Lessons for state rescaling theory and research
Recommended