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The Age of Absolutism…. France In the Age of Absolutism. Henry IV (r. 1589-1610). – Bourbon King of France, Huguenot converted to Catholicism Edict of Nantes - France’s Tax System (3 Estates) - Parisian Exception - Duke of Sully - . Louis XIII (r 1610-1643). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Age of Absolutism…
France In the Age of Absolutism
Henry IV (r. 1589-1610)– Bourbon King of France, – Huguenot converted to
CatholicismEdict of Nantes - France’s Tax System (3
Estates) - Parisian Exception - Duke of Sully -
Louis XIII (r 1610-1643)
Cardinal Richelieu – ruled as his chief minister Goal – Huguenot Policies – Indendents - Shift in Power -
The 30 Years War• Protestant Uprising in
the Holy Roman Empire
• Richelieu’s view on the war
• Effects – – Treaty of Westphalia
1648
• Fronde Rebellion – suspicious of France’s nobility
• The building of Versailles • Ruled by the Divine Right
of Kings
Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715)
Domestic & Economic Policies
• No decisions w/out Louis’s approval
• Jean Baptiste Colbert – financial minister– Colbert’s policies
• Wars -
Louis XIV’s Wars
• Strongest, most powerful military in Europe
• Extend France’s natural borders
• Balance of power
Russia Today
Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude &
Area with the United States
Topography of Russia
Rich Soil of the Steppes
Chernozen Soil
Siberia “Permafrost”
Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C
150,000,000 population. A former “gulag” Soviet prison camp.
Themes in Russian History
Expansion by conquest.Need for warm-water ports.
The necessity of a strong, central government.
Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645)
Romanov Family Crest
Romanov Dynasty(1613-1917)
The Pendulum of Russian History
Pro-WestFor Progress & ChangeEncourage New Ideas,
Technologies, etc.
Anti-WestIsolationist
Xenophobic Ultra-Conservative
Most Tsars Russian Orthodox
Church Supported by the
Military, Boyars (nobility) & peasants
A few Tsars Intellectual elites Merchants/
businessmen Young members
of the middle class.
REFORM-MINDEDLEADERS DEMAGOGUES
Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725)
Main Goal was to Westernize Russia
Foreign Policy
Goal: To end Russia land locked situation
Acquire the Sea of Azov Land was controlled by the
Ottoman Turks Needed help from Europe &
a stronger Russia Traveled through Europe
(secretly) Attempted to negotiate an
alliance – failed Learned much about the
western culture
Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War
Improved Army training & weaponry using western techniques and strategies War with
Sweden 1721 gained
land on the Gulf of Finland
Westernization Moved capital to
Moscow Social Development
Women Beards
Encouraged manufacturing and foreign trade
Modernized the army & reformed the government.
The Nobility Under Peter the Great
Nobility & Orthodox Church came under Peter’s control.Highly centralized government
“Service Nobility” – Absolute power & the
Church
Catherine the Great ( 1762-1796)
Came to power after the murder of Peter III
Catherine the Great ( 1762-1796)
As an Enlightened Ruler: Supported the arts, sciences,
literature & theater Encouraged foreign investment
in underdeveloped areas Est. the Free Economic Society Wanted to end serfdom but
instead expanded it (1773) Relaxed censorship &
encouraged education for the nobility & middle class
Catherine the Great ( 1762-1796)
On Foreign Policy & Expansion: Expanded Russian land by
200,000 sq miles Led 2 successful wars against
the Ottoman Empire, annexing Crimea
3 Polish Land grabs 1767 – New Constitution
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