The Atom. What are atoms? 0 Atoms are the building blocks of matter, all matter is made up of atoms

The Atom

What are atoms?

0 Atoms are the building blocks of matter, all matter is made up of atoms

How big is an atom?

0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.

0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.0 Cut it in half as precisely as possible.

0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.0 Cut it in half as precisely as possible.0 Cut in half again and again. Keep track.

Line up scraps from large to small.

ETC…..

0Answer: If you were to cut the paper in half about 90 times, you would be around the size of the atom.

0 Video Link! The size of atoms0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I

0 We can’t see individual atoms. 0 We can see billions and billions of them bonded together.

An atom is made of 3 parts:

0 Protons0 Neutrons0 Electrons

Protons

0 Protons have a positive (+) charge0 Found in the nucleus (center) of the atom

Neutrons

0 Neutrons have a neutral (0) charge0 Neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom

Electrons

0 Electrons are the smallest of the subatomic particles0 Electrons have a negative (-) charge0 Electrons are found in shells or orbitals that surround

the nucleus

Atoms form Elements

0 Different atoms have different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons

0 Each of the different elements from the Periodic Table of Elements has a specific amount of protons, neutrons, and electrons in it’s atoms (see periodic table)

0 An atom that has 1 proton, 1 electron, and 0 neutrons is the element Hydrogen, whereas an atom that has 2 protons, 2 electrons, and 2 neutrons is the element Helium

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

the number of protons in an atom

the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

4 Atomic weight/mass

Atomic number

Number of electrons = number of protons

Number of neutrons = atomic weight-atomic number

The Atoms Family-

Atomic Math Challenge

Wksht.

Early Atomic Theory – Contributing Scientists!

0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IO9WS_HNmyg

Niels Bohr0 Came up with a “picture” of the structure of an

atom , won Nobel prize in 1922

Bohr Model

0 Bohr discovered that electrons move in orbitals around the nucleus of an atom

0 Although, we don’t know exactly where electrons are at any given time, we now have a model that helps scientists estimate where electrons are likely to be located at any given time

0 To draw a Bohr model we need to know how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the atom

Bohr’s Atom

electrons in orbits

nucleus

HELIUM ATOM: (Draw and label it in notes)

proton

electron

neutron

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels

or Shells around the nucleus of an atom.

• first shell a maximum of 2 electrons

• second shell a maximum of 8

electrons

• third shell a maximum of 8

electrons

•This structure only holds true for the 1st 20

Elements

Bohr Model of Carbon

0 How many protons? 0 How many electrons? 0 How many neutrons? 0 How many electrons can go in the first shell?0 How many electrons do we have left?

0 These will go into the second shell0 Only 2 electrons shells needed for Carbon

Carbon

Let’s Practice Making Bohr Models!

What are Molecules?0 Two or more atoms of the same or different elements

that bond together

What is a Compound?

is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

0 In English, we only have twenty-six letters, but we can make thousands of words. In chemistry, you are working with almost 120 elements. When you combine them, you can make millions of different compounds!

The Atom. What are atoms? 0 Atoms are the building blocks of matter, all matter is made up of atoms

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