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The Balance Sheet and Its Analysis
Chapter 5
Purpose and Use of a Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is a systematic organization of everything “owned” and “owed” by a business or individual at a given time.
Assets – anything of value owned by the business or individual
Liability – any debt or other financial obligation
Net Worth – the amount the owners have invested in the business
Balance Sheet Format
Assets Current Assets Noncurrent Assets
Liabilities Current Liabilities Noncurrent Liabilities
Owner’s Equity
Asset Valuation and Related Problems
A cost basis balance sheet is required when following basic accounting principles. It values all assets using the cost, cost less
depreciation, or farm production cost methods. A market basis balance sheet would have all
assets valued at market value less estimated selling costs.
Balance Sheet Example
Asset Section Liability Section Owner Equity Section
Balance Sheet Analysis
Analyzing Liquidity Current Ratio = Current Asset Value/Current
Liability Value Working Capital = Current Assets – Current
Liabilities
Balance Sheet Analysis
Analyzing Solvency Debt/Asset Ratio = Total Liabilities/Total
Assets Equity/Asset Ratio = Total Equity/Total Assets
Debt/Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities/Owner Equity
Summary of Analysis
Measure Market Basis
Liquidity:
Current Ratio
Working Capital
1.27
$23,640
Solvency:
Debt/Asset Ratio
Equity/Asset Ratio
Debt/Equity Ratio
0.50
0.50
0.99
Ratios calculated from page76 -- Table 5-4
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