View
45
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
The Challenge of Establishing World-Class Universities. Jamil Salmi Washington DC 6 May 2009. natural lab experiment: U. of Malaya vs. NUS early 1960s: 2 branches of University of Malaya today: NUS ranked # 19 UM only # 192. outline of the presentation. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
The Challenge of Establishing World-Class Universities
Jamil Salmi
Washington DC6 May 2009
2
3
4
5
6
natural lab experiment: U. of Malaya vs. NUS
• early 1960s: 2 branches of University of Malaya
• today: • NUS ranked # 19• UM only # 192
7
outline of the presentation
• what is a world-class university?
• how do you become a world-class university?
8
how do you recognize a world-class university?
• everyone wants one• no one knows what it is• no one knows how to get one
Philip G. Altbach
9
defining the WCU
• self-declaration
10
11
defining the WCU
• self-declaration• reputation• rankings
12
13
14
top 50 universities
AutonomyAcademic Freedom
StudentsTeaching StaffResearchers
Leading-Edge
Research
Dynamic Technology
Transfer
Concentration of Talent
Abundant
ResourcesFavorable Governance
Leadership TeamStrategic VisionCulture of Excellence
Public Budget ResourcesEndowment RevenuesTuition FeesResearch Grants
WCU Supportive Regulatory Framework
Top Graduates
Characteristics of a World-Class UniversityAlignment of Key Factors
Source: Elaborated by Jamil Salmi
16
concentration of talent
• teachers and researchers• incoming students• undergraduate / graduate students
balance
17
weight of graduate students
University Undergraduate Students
Graduate Students
Share of Graduate
Students (%) Harvard 7,002 10,094 59 Stanford 6,442 11,325 64 MIT 4,066 6,140 60
Oxford 11,106 6,601 37
Cambridge 12,284 6,649 35 LSE 4,254 4,386 51 Beijing 14,662 16,666 53 Tokyo 15,466 12,676 45
18
concentration of talent
• teachers and researchers• incoming students• undergraduate / graduate students
balance• international dimensions
19
international dimensions
• foreign students– Harvard (19%)– Cambridge (18%)
• foreign faculty– Harvard (30%)– Oxford (36%)– Cambridge (33%)
20
abundant resources
• government funding– US spends 3.3% of GDP ($54,000 per
student)– Europe (E25) only 1.3% ($13,500 per student)
• endowments
21
22
US InstitutionsEndowments
Assets(2006 million $)
UK InstitutionsEndowment
Assets(2002 million $)
Harvard University 28,916 Cambridge 4,000
Yale University 18,031 Oxford 4,000
Stanford University 14,085 Edinburgh 3200
University of Texas 13,235 Glasgow 240
Princeton University 13,045 King’s 200
Comparison of US and UK Endowment Levels
23
abundant resources
• government funding
• endowments
• research funding
24
impact of the crisis
• resources flows
• government policies
25
resources flows
• reduced government funding for teaching, research and student aid
• reduced resources for institutions as demand falls (new domestic and foreign students, dropouts)
26
resource flows (II)
• fewer resources from private sector (donations, contracts)
• fall in stock market values reduces value of endowments and pension funds
27
implications for governments
• increase scholarships and establish / strengthen student loan programs
• include tertiary education in economic stimulus plans– R&D– entrepreneurship for innovation
30
favorable governance• freedom from civil service rules (human
resources, procurement, financial management)
• management autonomy– flexibility and responsiveness with power to act
• selection of leadership team• independent Board with outside
representation
31
32
U. Of Malaya vs. NUS
– talent• UM: selection bias in favor of Bumiputras,
less than 5% foreign students, no foreign professors
• NUS: highly selective, 43% of graduates students are foreign, many foreign professors
33
U. Of Malaya vs. NUS (II)
– finance• UM: $118 million, $4,053 per student• NUS: $750 million endowment, $205 million,
$6,300 per student
– governance• UM: restricted by government regulations and
control, unable to hire top foreign professors• NUS: status of a private corporation, able to
attract world-class foreign researchers
34
outline of the presentation
• what is a world-class university?
• how do you become a world-class university?
35
the path to glory
• upgrading existing institutions• mergers• creating a new institution
36
upgrading approach
• less costly• challenge of creating a culture of
excellence• focus on governance
37
mergers approach
• China, Russia, France, Denmark, Ireland
• potential synergies– 1+1=3
• clash of cultures
38
creating a new institution
• higher costs• getting the right culture from the
beginning
39
who takes the initiative? • role of the State
• favorable regulatory framework• funding
• role of the institutions• leadership• strategic vision• culture of excellence
40
Clemson University• land grant university focused on
agricultural and mechanical crafts
• changing region
• strategic partnership with BMW to become premier automotive and sports car research U
• aims to become # 20
41
42
43
44
45
Upgrading &
Fixing Universities
Upgrade your knowledge –
enhance, repair, connect, and adapt your universities!
46
a word of caution
need for diversified tertiary education
system
not all institutions can be “world-class”
a few select world-class research universities
47
a word of advice
what kind of institution?
time dimension
alignment
48
money is not enough
the most expensive universities in the
world are not world-classWashington U (Washington)Kenyon College (Ohio)Bucknell U (Pennsylvania)Vassar College (NY)Sarah Lawrence College (NY)
AutonomyAcademic Freedom
StudentsTeaching StaffResearchers
Research Output
Technology Transfer
Concentration of Talent
Abundant
ResourcesFavorable Governance
Leadership TeamStrategic VisionCulture of Excellence
Public Budget ResourcesEndowment RevenuesTuition FeesResearch Grants
WCU Supportive Regulatory Framework
Graduates
Characteristics of a World-Class UniversityAlignment of Key Factors
Source: Elaborated by Jamil Salmi
World Class University Recipe
Lots of Talent
A Touch of Governance
Shake Well!
Plenty of Resources
Recommended