View
41
Download
3
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society. V.K. Madan, PhD Senior Professor Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, India and R.K. Sinha, PhD Ex-Professor & Head Department of Extra Mural Studies - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
V.K. Madan, PhDSenior Professor
Department of Electronics & Communication EngineeringKalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, India
and
R.K. Sinha, PhDEx-Professor & Head
Department of Extra Mural Studies
International Institute of Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Inspiration forAILC 2013
Heidi and Antheil
•Heidi Lamarr and George Antheil invented Spread Spectrum Communication technique. It also serves basis of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and CDMA technology•Heidi worked as actor and Antheil as musician in Hollywood, & at night worked to invent secret electronics communication•Heidi’s sobriquet was "the most beautiful woman in the world”, and Antheil was an “avant grade musician”•Also was inspired by earlier research in population sciences, and credit courses in Sociology, Economics, and Modern Art• Started with Religion and Crime, & shifted to the Present Topic
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
• malum in se: wrong in itself (legal), evil (moral). For example rape, theft, murder etc.
• malum prohibitum: legally prohibited. For example improper use of inside information, tax avoidance etc.
Crime
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
4-year-old Mumbai girl raped by school bus cleanerPradeep Gupta, TNN | Sep 15, 2013, 01.30 AM IST
Not Again: A Gang Rape in Mumbai Leaves India ReelingBy Mansi Choksi / Mumbai Aug. 23, 2013
ForbesWoman 1/02/2013 @ 11:37AM Rape Every 20 Minutes For The World's Largest Democracy?
Recent Media Coverage
Swiss government 'profoundly shocked' by gang-rape of its national in IndiaPress Trust of India | Updated: March 17, 2013 17:31 IST
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Recent High Profile Case
•In Dec. 2012, a high profile case pricked the conscience of the nation
•A 23 years female student was gang raped in a moving bus with unimaginable acts of cruelty
•Unprecedented protests in the country
•The Govt. acted swiftly to contain the crime
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
India
• Rape is horrific fact of life, and has increased sharply in recent times
• UN Sec. Gen: protect women • UN Human Rights High Comm: rape a
national problem• Govt acted swiftly and took more strict
measures• Rape is a challenge to the contemporary
thinking. It is perhaps the most difficult crime to deal with including legally.
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Women in India
•Divine personification of feminine power was and is known as Shakti
•Gender Equality in the Constitution
•Women occupy position of leadership in most fields
•In most walks of life, women are seen in plenty including jobs, college goers etc.
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
https://www.maavaishnodevi.org/
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
• Pilgrims going to Mandir
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi UniversityFund: Shrine Board & also UGC
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Indian Laws for Crime
• The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the fundamental document describing an exhaustive list of all cases of crime and punishment.
• IPC: prepared in 1860 with 511 sections• Jammu and Kashmir: Ranbir Penal Code (RPC)• IPC was adopted on independence by Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Burma, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei and remains basis of criminal codes in these countries
• IPC amended time to time
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Indian Penal Code (IPC)
• Maxim of IPC: actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit re meaning guilty act has guilty mind
• Crime: actus reus and mens rea (subjective)
• In IPC mens rea: intentionally, knowingly, voluntarily, fraudulently, dishonestly
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Indian Penal Code: 375 and 376• IPC: section 375 and section 376 refer to rape
• Section 375 refers to rape• Section 376 refers to punishment
• IPC 375: “ … in a circumstance like against her will, without her consent under false promise, consent by coersion, with her consent, when she has unsound of mind or intoxication, she is unable to understand the nature and consequences of that to which she gives consent, or with or without her consent, when she is under sixteen years of age
• IPC 376: “ … a minimum punishment of seven years for the perpetrator. The punishment covers an exhaustive list” … like punishment for a public servant, police, and gang rapists.”
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Recent Amedments in IPC 375 & 376• Justice Verma Committee: recommend amendments• Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013 • Age of consent from 16 to 18 years• In 375 IPC: the word rape replaced with sexual
assault. Lack of physical resistance does not matter unlike in Germany
• In 376 IPC: minimum punishment of 20 years , and in extreme cases death penalty
• Marital rape above 15 years of age of woman not crime
• New offences added like acid attack, sexual harassment, voyeurism, stalking with related punishments
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Legal Definition of Rape: A space time function
Legal definition of rape can be mathematically modeled as a space time function as it keeps evolving and depends on region of the world:• Marital rape was a crime in US but no more• Legal definition of rape redefined in USA and India in 2013,
however is different• 376 IPC for the Dec 2012 high profile case in India for juvenile
is debatable• In Germany the victim has to prove that sufficient resistance
was put else legally no crime. In India it is a legally a crime by IPC 375
• In French law in the past marrying without parental consent was legally considered a crime of rape against father not the woman
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Judgement: Objective or Subjective?• Rape: two extreme views as liberal and radical• Liberal: sexual assault, Radical: mens rea• Perception may vary anywhere from liberal to
radial• Germany: In 2012 for a 15 year old victim, the
judge pronounced: “Es hätte weglaufen oder Hilfe rufen können, aber es hat alles über sich ergehe” n lassen. Das reicht nicht, um jemanden zu bestrafen” implying not enough resistance was put, and hence legally no crime
• India: The above is legally a crime
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Laws
• “Laws are spider webs through which the big flies pass and the little ones get caught.”
― Honoré de Balzac
• Laws are necessary but not sufficient to contain crime including rape
• Law was forced for Al Capone in USA
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Anarchism, Moral, and Laws
• "Into every tidy scheme for arranging the pattern of human life, it is necessary to inject a certain dose of anarchism.“
- Bertrand Russell• If you follow all rules you can not make good
music, if you made good music you followed all rules
• Desirable: Society should intrinsically have high moral and need less laws
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Indian Rape Statistics and Analysis
•Quantitative statistical Analysis: Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Technique
•35 Regions of India: 28 States and seven Union Territories
•Eleven Socio-Economic-Demographic Predictor Variables
•National Crime Records Bureau and Census Data
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Socio-Economic-Demographic Predictor Variables
•Male and Female Literacy•Total•Rural•Urban
•Sex Ratio•Rural and Urban Population•Work Participation Rate
•Men•Women
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Descriptive StatisticsMean Std. Deviation N
Rape Rate 2.7886 2.04346 35
% Male Lit. (T) 85.2717 6.32653 35
%Male Lit. (R) 82.3357 7.05876 35
% Male Lit. (U) 91.3011 3.54109 35
% Fem. Lit. (T) 71.4677 10.48830 35
% Fem. Lit. (R) 66.0589 11.31427 35
% Fem. Lit. (U) 82.1720 6.23847 35
Sex Ratio 929.30 79.682 35
% Rural 61.2140 22.20706 35
% Urban 38.7860 22.20706 35
WPR(M) 54.4029 5.11897 35
WPR (F) 26.3114 9.68427 35
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Statistics Across 35 Regions of India
• Literacy: Male (T), Male (R), Male (U), Female (U) std dev is low, while for Female (T) and Female (R) is high
• Work Participation Ratio, std dev is low for males and high for females
• Std dev of % rural and % urban population is as expected exactly the same
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Rape Rates Across Regions
•Mizoram has the highest rate of 10.1 per lakh of population while Lakshdeep has no reported incident of rape.
•Mizoram: high incidents and high reporting. Christian ethics of forgiveness is misused with little fear of reprisal and grim drug abuse in the State
•Lakshdeep: Women enjoy respectful status. About 40% households headed by women.
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Variables
Rape Rate CorrelationCoefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) N
Rape Rate 1.00 0.000 35
% Male Lit. (T) 0.022 0.899 35
%Male Lit. (R) 0.014 0.938 35
% Male Lit. (U) -0.363* 0.032 35
% Fem. Lit. (T) 0.177 0.308 35
% Fem. Lit. (R) 0.178 0.307 35
% Fem. Lit. (U) -0.412* 0.014 35
Sex Ratio 0.175 0.316 35
% Rural 0.197 0.256 35
% Urban -0.197 0.256 35
WPR(M) -.080 0.650 35
WPR (F) .287 0.094 35
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Bivariate Correlation:rape rates and predictor variables
•Male Lit (U) and Female Literacy (U) has significant effect on reduction of rape incidents
•Correlation does not take independent effect of predictors
• However literacy is the key indicator. It may be proxy for development
•Further research: more predictors, and application of regression analysis
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Fresh Look at the Rape Challenge
•Multidisciplinary perspective besides law and enforcement both for analysis and solution
•Sociological, Cultural, Psychological, Religious and more aspects
•Merging of tools of disciplines
•Deep insight into the problem fundamentals
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Social Change•Mahatma Gandhi: “… our innermost prayer should be a Hindu should be a better Hindu, a Muslim a better Muslim, a Christian a better Christian” puts the religions in the right perspective in building character.
•Elie Wiesel “There may be times when we are powerless to prevent injustice, but there must never be a time when we fail to protest” helps in gaining inner strength with desirable action even in extreme conditions.
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Conclusion
•Laws are necessary but not sufficient to contain crime including rape
•High character and moral strength would make the human society courageous and free from ills including rape
•Less laws would be necessary
ECE 8443 – Pattern RecognitionAILC 2013: The Dynamics of Rape in Modern Indian Society
Please feel free to email me at:
KLvkmadan@gmail.com
Recommended