View
2
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
1
The Effects of Early Experiences on Lifelong Learning and Health Nicole Sherren, PhD Alberta ACEs Research Workshop, June 2015
Executive Function Helps Children Navigate Their World and Succeed in Life
• Attention • Working memory • Self-regulation • Delayed gratification • Planning and organization • Perseverance • Reasoning and evaluation • Problem solving • Cognitive flexibility
EF skill set is based on cognitive, social and emotional competencies:
Stress Also Shapes Brain Architecture
Positive Stress: Brief activation of stress response system, required for healthy development; e.g., immunization, first day of school.
Tolerable Stress: Serious but temporary activation of stress response, can damage brain architecture if not buffered by supportive adult relationships; e.g., death in the family.
Toxic Stress: Prolonged activation of the stress response system in the absence of supportive adult relationships; e.g., abuse, neglect, living with an addicted or depressed parent.
Anatomy of the Stress Response
Effect of Catecholamines: • Increased heart rate, blood
pressure • Decrease in non-essential
functions (e.g., digestion, reproduction)
• Blood clotting • Mobilization of glucose stores Effect of Glucocorticoids: • Glucose metabolism • Insulin production • Immunosuppression • Negative feedback on HPA axis
Number of Risk Factors
Source: Barth, et al. (2008)
Ch
ildre
n w
ith
D
evel
opm
enta
l Del
ays
1-2 3 5 4 6 7
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Significant Adversity Impairs Development in the First Three Years
Sensitivity to Anger in Abused Children
Pollak S D , and Kistler D J PNAS 2002;99:9072-9076
©2002 by National Academy of Sciences
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 1 2 3 4
Self-Report: Alcoholism Self-Report: Illicit Drugs
Source: Dube et al. (2002) Source: Dube et al. (2003)
% %
ACEs 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1 2 3 4 5+
Early Adversity Increases Risk for Substance Use Disorders in Adulthood
Od
ds
Rat
io
ACEs Source: Chapman et al. (2004)
0 1 2 3 4 5+
1
2
4
3
5
Early Adversity Increases Risk for Depressive Disorders in Adulthood
ACEs Source: Dong et al. (2004)
Od
ds
Rat
io
0 1 2 3 4 5,6 7,8
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Early Adversity Increases Risk for Adult Heart Disease
What Determines Whether a Child’s Outcomes Will Be Good or Bad?
Resilience is a product of our genes and experiences, like a scale that can be tipped to one side or the other.
New Protective Interventions
Protective Interventions Can Improve Life-long Health
Significant Adversity
Healthy Developmental Trajectory
Parenting Education, Sound Nutrition, Stimulating Experiences, and Health-Promoting Environments
Source: Shonkoff (2011)
Recommended