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GarrettGlassTori ThompsonGableBell
Ke ‘Undra ClewisKellySantaMaria
The Grammarian Basterds
Contents MisplacedModifiers DanglingModifiers Parallelism FaultySubordination FaultyPredication
Field Caution: Misplaced Modifiers Modifiersarephrases,words,andclausesusedtomodify.
Misplacedmodifiersgiveunintendedmeaningstothewrongwords.
Hence,theyaremisplaced.
Misplacedmodifierscausereaderstoreadadifferentmeaningthantheoriginalintention.
Field Caution: Misplaced Modifiers Thewordsonlyandalmostareexamplesofmodifiers.
Now,cananyonetellmethedifferencesbetweensetsoftwosentences?
Exampleswithalmost: ColonelHansalmost escapedwithoutascratch. ColonelHansescapedalmostwithoutascratch.
Exampleswithonly: LieutenantRainesonlywanted100enemyscalps. LieutenantRaineswantedonly100enemyscalps.
Types of Misplaced Modifiers MisplacedAdjectives Adjectivesaremisplacedandmodifythewrongnoun. ForExample:Havingignitedthebuilding,theburningmanwatchedthetheatercollapse.
Themanshouldn’tbeburningashestartedthefire.Theadjectiveshouldbeusedtodescribethebuilding.
Correction:Havingignitedtheflames,themanwatchedtheburningtheatercollapse.
Types of Misplaced Modifiers Thewritercanchangethemeaningofasentencedependingonwhereheorsheplacestheadverb. Justthedaughterescaped. Thedaughterjustescaped.
Thefirstsentenceimpliesonlythedaughterescaped.
Theseconddescribeswhenthedaughterescaped.
Types of Misplaced Modifiers Therulesofmisplacedmodifiersstillapplytosentencesbeginningwithaphraseandacomma.
Thephraseshouldrefertotheimmediatewordfollowingthecomma. Lightinghercigarette,themovietheaterwasblownup. Correction:Lightinghercigarette,thewomanblewuphermovietheater.
Dangling Modifiers Adanglingmodifierisawordorphrasethatmodifiesawordnotclearlystatedinthesentence.Amodifierdescribes,clarifies,orgivesmoredetailaboutaconcept.
Dangling Modifiers HavingrefusedtodivulgethewhereaboutsoftheGermans,thebatcollidedwithhisskull.
• "Havingrefused"isaparticipleexpressingaction,butthedoerisnotthebat.Dobatsdivulgewhereabouts?No.
• Sincethedoeroftheactionexpressedintheparticiplehasnotbeenclearlystated,theparticipialphraseisadanglingmodifier.
Dangling Modifiers Tocorrectthissentence,wecanrephraseitlikethis: HavingrefusedtodivulgethewhereaboutsoftheGermans,theNazifeltthebatcollidewithhisskull.
Identify the Problem Afterensuringthedoorswerelocked,thecurtainwentupinflames. Whatismodifying“afterensuring”?
Problem Identified Afterensuringthedoorswerelocked,thecurtainwentupinflames. Whatismodifying“afterensuring”? “Thecurtain”didnotensurethedoorswerelocked.Whenwasthelasttimeyousawacurtainactofitsownaccord?
Havingcarvedaswastikaintohisforehead,theplanwassuccessfullyexecuted. Whatisthedanglingmodifierhere?
HavingcarvedaswastikaintotheNazi’sforehead,theplanwassuccessfullyexecuted. Whatisthedanglingmodifierhere? Theplan isincorrectlymodifying“havingcarvedaswastikaintotheNazi’sforehead”.
Corrected sentence HavingcarvedaswastikaintotheNazi’sforehead,LieutenantAldoRaine successfullyexecutedtheplan.
Parallelism
LieutenantAldoRaine Helps UswithParallelism
Parallelism Isastylisticstructurethatmakesasentence“soundbetter”
Givesa“rhythm”tothestructureofasentence Helpswithclarityandcomprehension
Example of ParallelismLieutenantAldoRaine hasabiggun,isameanman,andhasasharpknife.
Ithasa(Verb‐Article‐Adjective‐Noun)Pattern
LieutenantAldoRaine isgoingtooccupiedFrance,hasorderstosecretlyexecute,and________.
a. onewashappyandniceb. ismarchingwithtoughguysc. hadmuchtimetowaitfortheenemyd. wascollectingscalps
Answer is (b) Lieutenant Aldo Raine is going to occupied France, has orders to secretly execute, and is marching with tough guys.
It has a (Verb Phrase-Preposition-Modifier-Noun) Pattern
LieutenantAldoRaine likescursing,killing,and_______________.
a. maimingb. totalkloudlyformanyhoursc. musichecandancetod. collectedscalps
Answer is (a) LieutenantAldoRaine likescursing,killing,andmaiming.
Ithasa(Verbal)Pattern
WhileinFranceLieutenantAldoRaine willkillmanysoldiers,_____________,andcarvemanysymbols.
a. takeinthenightlifeb. goseeaGermanfilmpremierec. takenosurvivorsd. trytogetsomemorescalps
Answer is (c) WhileinFranceLieutenantAldoRaine willkillmanysoldiers,takenosurvivors ,andcarvemanysymbols.
Ithasa(Verb‐Adjective‐Noun)Pattern
Faulty Subordination SubordinateClause Asubordinateclause,alsocalledadependentclause,willbeginwitheitheraconjunctionorrelativepronounandwillcontainbothasubjectandaverb.Thiscombinationofwordswillnotformacompletesentence.
Conjunctions and Relative Pronounsafteralthoughasbecausebeforeevenifeventhoughifinorderthatonceprovidedthat
ratherthansincesothatthanthatthoughunlessuntilwhenwheneverwherewhereas
whereverwhetherwhichwhilewhowhomwhosewhy
Upside Down Subordination Donotexpressthemainthoughtofthesentenceinthesubordinateclauseorphrase. Incorrect:Shewaswalkingdownthestreet,whensheheardanexplosion.
Upside Down Subordination Donotexpressthemainthoughtofthesentenceinthesubordinateclauseorphrase. Incorrect:Shewaswalkingdownthestreet,whensheheardanexplosion.
Correct:Whenshewaswalkingdownthestreet,sheheardanexplosion.
Correct:Sheheardanexplosion,whenshewaswalkingdownthestreet.
Upside Down Subordination Whatiswrongwiththissentence? Incorrect:TheNaziranacrossthefieldashewasshot.
Upside Down Subordination Whatiswrongwiththissentence? Incorrect:TheNaziranacrossthefieldashewasshot. Correct:AstheNaziranacrossthefieldhewasshot. Correct:TheNaziwasshotasheranacrossthefield.
Faulty PredicationDoNotGetCaughtbytheGrammarNazisforFaultyPredication
Definition Faultypredicationsimplymeansthesubjectandpredicatetogetherarenotlogical,thesubjectcannot“be”or“do”theverb.
Forexample:Lt.AldoRaine’s gunassuresitwilldoitsjob.
Thisdoesnotmakeanysense.Why?Theguncannotassureyouofanything.
Common Misuse Theuseofwhere.
Example:AvacationiswherepeoplegetawayfromtheGrammarNazis,school,orwork.
Thisiswrong!Vacationisnotaspecificplace Correction:AvacationisabreakpeopletakefromtheGrammarNazis,school,orwork.
Theuseofwhen. Example:ExilingapersoniswhenthatpersoniscastoutoftheGrammarNazis.
Correction:ExilingapersoniskickingthatpersonoutoftheGrammarNazis. Theuseofbecause.
Example:Thereasonwearelosingthisgrammarbattleisbecausewesuckatgrammar.
Correction:Wearelosingthisgrammarbattlebecausewesuckatgrammar. Reasonandbecausetechnicallyhasthesamemeanings,sodropeitherbecauseorthereason.
Hard to Recognize Themanualsinthegrammararmybelievesinmakingsense.
Correction:Theauthorofthemanualinthegrammararmybelievesinmakingsense.
Amanualcannotbelieve– onlypeoplecan.
Boot Camp Misplacedmodifiersdowhattothereaders? Skewtheoriginalmeaning
Whereshouldthemodifierbeplaced? Beforetheworditintendstomodify
Identifythedanglingmodifier: AfterbeingreleasedbyLieutenantRaine,theknifemetColonialLanda’s forehead.
Inthissentence,theknife isnotbeingreleased.ColonialLanda isbeingreleased.
Boot CampLieutenantAldoRaine askedthecapturedsolidertoshowhimtheenemy’sposition,tellhimthetroopsize,and_______________.
a. forhislunchorderb. givehimtheartillerymakeupc. doyouknowwhoIamd. whatconditionerdoyouuseonyourscalp
Boot Camp LieutenantAldoRaine askedthecapturedsolidertoshowhimtheenemy’sposition,tellhimthetroopsize,andgivehimtheartillerymakeup . Ithasa(Verb‐Pronoun‐Article‐Adjective‐Noun)Pattern
Boot Camp Incorrect:Whiletheexplosionsdetonate,thedoorsarelocked.
Incorrect:WhenShosanna shootsZoller,hisbackisturned.
Boot Camp Incorrect:Whiletheexplosionsdetonate,thedoorsarelocked. Correct:Theexplosionsdetonatewhilethedoorsarelocked.
Correct:Whilethedoorsarelocked,theexplosionsdetonate.
Incorrect:WhenShosanna shootsZoller,hisbackisturned. Correct:Shosanna shootsZoller whenhisbackisturned.
Correct:Whenhisbackisturned,Shosanna shootsZoller.
Boot Camp Whichsentenceiscorrect? Afinalexaminationiswhenstudentsaretestedonwhattheyknow.
or Afinalexamisatestofwhatstudentsknow.
Whichsentencedoesfaultypredicationoccur? Thereasonwearegoingtolearntobegrammatically
correctisbecausewearegoingtopracticedaily.or
Wearegoingtolearntobegrammaticallycorrectbecausewearegoingtopracticedaily.
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