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The Iliad
Agenda: Information aboutHostory through PicturesHomeText Analysis Mythological Background
The World of the Iliad
Rand McNally, Atlas of World History, pp. 22
The Trojan plain
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 41
Hisarlik
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 93
Reconstruction of Troy VI - 13th century
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 204
Troy VI from the North
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 204
The walls of Troy VI
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 74
The walls of Troy
Finding the Walls of Troy, p 229
The walls of Troy
Finding the Walls of Troy, p 230
Treasure of Priam
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 59
Sophie Schliemann Wearing the Jewels
of Helen
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 59
Mycenae from the East
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 66
Golden Mycenae
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 189-90
Ruins at Mycenae
Ruins at Mycenae
Lion Gate at Mycenae (E. Dodwell)
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 74
Mycenae and the Plain of Argos
National Geographic, Dec 99, pp. 66
Lion Gate at Mycenae
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 75
National Geographic, Dec 99, pp. 64
National Geographic, Dec 99, pp. 65
Mt Olympus
Mt Olympus
Early Classical Doric temple of Zeus at Olympia
Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, pp. 336
Temple of Hera at Olympia
Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, pp. 340
Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi
Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, pp. 349
Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi
Mythology
Begins with Homer 1000 B.C. Explains something in nature
Doesn’t have anything to do with religion, but rather how natural phenomenon came into existence.
Form of early entertainment
Writers
Homer
Homer
Wrote The Iliad and The Odyssey
Iliad is the first written record of Greece
Homer was an Ionian of the 8th or 9th century B.C.E., which would place his writings also more than 3 centuries after the Trojan War,
Homeric Period
The time period around 1400 B.C. was an era where Mycenae, the traditional home of Agamemnon, brother of Menelaus and leader of the Greek warriors in Troy, dominated the mainland, and his island of Crete assumed the political and military status of master of the eastern Mediterranean. A golden age of splendor arouse during this period, as shown by excavations of the royal graves at Mycenae, and the cultural and religious traditions of the eminent classical Greece began to take form. This is the Homeric, or Heroic, Age - also called Mycenaean, or Late Minoan -for the culture and values of the latter part of this period are those permanently embodied in the Homeric poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey.
Hesiod
Hesiod (Hesiodos) was an early Greek poet and rhapsode, believed to have lived around the year 700 BCE. From the 5th century BCE, literary historians have debated the priority of Hesiod or of Homer. Most modern scholars now agree that Homer lived before Hesiod.
Hesiod serves as a major source for knowledge of Greek mythology, of farming techniques, of archaic Greek astronomy and of ancient time-keeping
Important Names, Dates and Terminology
8th century BCE 1184 BCE Homer
Description The Homeric Question
Epic Oral Tradition
Important Themes, Motifs and Narratological Elements
CHOICE and PERSUASION THE HEROIC CODE LEADERSHIP TRIANGULAR RELATIONSHIPS SIMILES THE GODS
Do NOT Reduce the Iliad to either:
PRIDE (Hubris)
Or
FATE
Characteristics of Homeric Text:
Beginning in medias res Cinematic presentation of events and of
warfareLook for sense imagery in the text
Use of SIMILES Use of PARALLELISM when discussing
events, characters and gods
Homeric Cycle
Series of texts about TroySome tell the same stories as the
Homeric epicsMany tell entirely different storiesWhat still exists contains only a part
of the entire story of the Trojan War
Mythological Stories You Need to Know
Helen and the SuitorsWedding of Peleus and ThetisHecuba’s Dream of the Burning
CityJudgment of ParisAssembling the SuitorsSacrifice of Iphigenia
Helen and the Suitors
Helen: daughter of Tyndareus Clytemnestra: daughter of Tyndareus; twin of
Helen; (later) wife of Agamenon Penelope: niece to TyndareusSuitors Agamemnon: king of Argos; son of Atreus;
brother of Menelaus Menelaus: brother of Agamemnon Odysseus: king of Ithaka; (later) husband of
Penelope Ajax: son of Telemon; great warrior
Hecuba’s Dream of the Burning City
Priam = Hecuba
__________________|___________________
SONS: DAUGHTERS
Hektor (m. Andromache) Cassandra
Paris (m. Helen) Polyxena
Deiphobus Creusa
Polydorus 47 other daughters
46 more sons
Wedding of Peleus and Thetis
Thetis: water nymph, daughter of Nereus
Peleus: mortal man, son of Aeacus, King of Aegina
Thetis and Peleus are the parents of Achilles
Wedding of Peleus and Thetis (cont.)
OLYMPIAN GODS Aphrodite: goddess of love Apollo: god of healing, music, prophecy Ares: god of war Artemis: goddess of the hunt Athena: goddess of wisdom, strategy Demeter: goddess of the Harvest Hephaistos: god of fire and metal craft; son of Hera and Zeus;
crippled because he was thrown by Zeus Hera: wife of Zeus Hermes: messenger god Poseidon: god of the sea Zeus: king of the gods; (very unfaithful) husband to Hera
Wedding of Peleus and Thetis (cont.)
ERIS: Goddess of Discord, not invited to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis
Golden apple inscribed “To the Fairest”
Assembling the Suitors
AgamemnonMenelausOdysseusAjaxAchilles – the most difficult to
find
Gaining a Strong Wind
Agamemnon = Clytemnestra
______________|_____________
| | |
Iphigeneia Electra Orestes
Key Aspects of the Epic’s Opening
Emphasis on the 1st word Invocation of the Muse
Questions What events are set into motion in the
opening 2 pages? Who is who? What are the key words? Are any of the themes mentioned earlier
present in this segment of text?
For Next Class
You are instructed to wrote a response to something you find difficult in the text.
Pick a passage of no more than 20 lines that you find important and/or difficult and write about it. We will use these student-chosen passages as the basis for discussion next class.
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