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The Industrial RevolutionSetting the Scene
Chapter 11
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Pg.330
The Industrial RevolutionSetting the Scene
Chapter 11
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Pg.330
The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution Begins
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The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution Begins
What was the Industrial Revolution?A change or revolution in the way goods are produced. Machines replaced hand tools, new sources of power such as water and steam replaced human and animal power, the economy slowly shifted from farming to manufacturing, and many people moved from rural to urban areas.
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It all started with clothes…
In the mid 1700s, British inventors designed machines to speed up the process of making textiles or cloth.
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Pg.330The Industrial RevolutionNew Technology
3 basic steps to make cloth, 4 steps to make clothes. Clean the cotton
Spin the cotton into thread
Weave the thread into cloth
Sew the cloth into clothes
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Pg.330The Industrial RevolutionMaking TEXTILES (Cloth)
Cottonhas little seeds inside of it...
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OLD WAY NEW WAYclean the cotton by hand Cotton Gin
Clean the cotton
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THE COTTON GIN
Eli Whitney helped design the Cotton Gin.
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OLD WAY NEW WAY hand spinning, The Spinning Jenny the spinning wheel
Spin the cotton into thread
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Hand Spun
Spin the cotton into thread
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The Spinning Wheel
Spin the cotton into thread
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The Spinning Jenny
Spin the cotton into thread
Invented by
James Hargreaves
in Britain in 1764
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OLD WAY NEW WAY hand loom power loom
Weave the thread into cloth
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Hand weaving / Hand Loom
Weave the thread into cloth
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Power loom
Weave the thread into cloth
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Invented by
Edmund Cartwright
in the 1780s.
Power loom
Weave the thread into cloth
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Pg.330The Industrial RevolutionNew Technology
Power loom
Weave the thread into cloth
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Pg.330The Industrial RevolutionNew Technology
OLD WAY NEW WAY hand sewing sewing machine
Sew the cloth into clothes
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Hand Sewing
Sew the cloth into clothes
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Sewing Machines
Sew the cloth into clothes
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Factory System = Bring the workers, machinery, and raw materials together in one place to make a finished product.
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Capital / Money
Capitalist / entrepreneu
r
Machines
Workers
A factory building (usually large)
Power (water, animal,
human)
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At first, most factories used water power to run the machines. This is called a MILL.
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You can use a river or waterfall to create power to run machines using a water wheel.
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You can use a river or waterfall to create power to run machines using a water wheel.
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Two types - Overshot & Undershot… gravity fed or force fed.
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Inventors in Britain developed many of the new machines and ideas in the textile industry and the government wanted to keep the ideas secret and only in Britain.
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Pg.331The Industrial RevolutionA Revolution Crosses the Atlantic
Samuel Slater
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Samuel Slater
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But, Samuel Slater figured out a way around that and brought the ideas to America.
Samuel Slater
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Pawtucket, Rhode Island - First successful textile mill in America was built and run by Samuel Slater.
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Textile Mill Makes cloth out of cotton.
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Pg.332The Industrial RevolutionOther Types of Mills
Saw Mill Makes lumber out of trees.
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Saw Mill Makes lumber out of trees.
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New Way
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Old Way
Saw Mill
Cut using a hand saw
Grist Mill Grinds up grains like wheat to make flour.
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Pg.332The Industrial RevolutionOther Types of Mills
Grind Stones
New Way
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Old Way
Grist MillGrind grains by
hand
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Pg.332The Industrial RevolutionInterchangeable Parts
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Pg.332The Industrial RevolutionInterchangeable Parts
Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney developed the idea of interchangeable parts for manufacturing. It started with guns, but spread to other items and eventually also to parts for machines.
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Pg.332The Industrial RevolutionInterchangeable Parts
Eli figured out all of the parts need to make a rifle, then designed and built machines to make each part.
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The Lowell Mills
Lowell, Massachusetts: A Model Factory Town
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A factory town is one where the company that owns the factory builds houses for the workers to rent and stores for the workers to shop at so that the company makes money back from the workers after paying them.
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Lowell, Massachusetts: A Model Factory Town
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The Lowell Mills
Lowell, Massachusetts: A Model Factory Town
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The Lowell Mills did give some girls (women) the chance to feel a sense of worth and independence by allowing them to earn their own money. The girls that went to work at the mill became known as “Lowell Girls”.
Lowell, Massachusetts: A Model Factory Town
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Daily Life During the Industrial RevolutionChild Labor
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Daily Life During the Industrial RevolutionChild Labor
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Child Labor
Daily Life During the Industrial Revolution
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Daily Life During the Industrial Revolution
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Long Hours
Average work day in early factories was 12 hours a day, 6 days a week for a total of 72 hours a week.
Average work day today is 8 hours a day, 5 days a week for a total of only 40 hours a week.
Daily Life During the Industrial Revolution
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Daily Life During the Industrial Revolution
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Daily Life During the Industrial Revolution
Growing CitiesUrbanization = the movement of a large population of people from farms into cities.
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Daily Life During the Industrial Revolution
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Hazards
Garbage in the
streets.
Wild hogs wandering eating waste.
Bacteria and diseases like cholera and influenza spread
quickly.
Muddy roads - bumpy, ruts, and you can get stuck.
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Attractions
The Circus
Fashion
Theaters and plays
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