The New Imperialism€¦ · New Imperialism: 1880-1914 ... Sub-Saharan Africa and India Bitter...

The New Imperialism

Europe Meets the World

The New Imperialism

Europe Meets

the World

Industrial Revolution

1st Industrial Revolution

(1750-1830)

Steam Power,

Textiles, FactoriesPhoto by Fenice

Industrial Revolution

2nd Industrial Revolution

(1850-1914)

Railroads, Ships,

Electricity, Heavy

Machinery

The

CONQUEST

of Distance

Transcontinental

Railroads

Trans-Atlantic Telegraph (1858)

The World is getting smaller than ever!

Map by

Strebe

Panama Canal

(1914)

Suez Canal

(1869)

European Diaspora

Map by

Strebe

European Diaspora

Map by

Strebe

Nearly

40%of the

world’s population

in 1914 was of

European descent.

A lot can change in 100 years…

Map Credit:

Junuxx What global region is

most populous today?

Developed vs. Developing

Map by Canuckguy and Tomtom2732

This didn’t exist before the

Industrial Revolution(s)

“Three Worlds”

Map by Vorziblix

The Projection of

European

POWER

New Imperialism: 1880-1914

● colonialism: one country’s domination of another country or people ● formal political control

● imperialism: similar to colonialism but used more broadly ● political or economic control exercised formally or informally

● new imperialism: ● by western powers

● formal political control

● in Africa and Asia

● 1880-1914

The British Empire

1/4of global land mass

and population

before WWI

“The sun never sets on the British Empire.”

Photo by F Mira

Africa

1880 – 1914

Several European nations

claim portions of

Africa

Belgian Congo

King Leopold governed

directly

Local inhabitants treated

harshly

Rubber

The

Scramble

for Africa

1886

1914http://unimaps.com/africa

Let’s Scramble!

Italy

• Akhila

• Ceilidh

• Chiara

Portugal

• Nadia

• Bailey

• Adam

Netherlands

Mackenzie B

Liv

Chris

Britain

Michael

Mikayla

Matt

Oliver

Belgium

Mackenzie C

Caleb

Andy

Juliette

Germany

Sasha

Joe

Clara

Josh

France

Rachelle

Kendra

Caylee

Spain

Brishk

George

Kayla

Sir Cecil Rhodes

British

Made a fortune mining diamonds in S. Africa

DeBeers Corporation

“Band of Brothers”

Rhodesia

Rhodes Scholarships

Philanthropy

Rhodes MonumentSouth Africa

British Imperial Wars (Africa)

Boer Wars

vs. Boers (Afrikaners)

Descendents of original Dutch

Calvinist colonists

Anglo-Zulu War

vs. native Zulu tribe

Boer guerrillas during the

Second Boer War

THIRSTY WORK!

Quinine

Used to treat malaria –

a common disease in

Sub-Saharan Africa and

India

Bitter Taste – best

when combined with

other ingredients

Tonic Water

British India

British East India

Company (Until 1858)

“Mutiny” (1857-1858)

Raj (1858-1947)

India governed directly

by British gov.

British India

Administration

3,500 member British civil

service

300 Million Indians

British Officials

Indian Population

British India

The British established a

secondary education

system

English-speaking, Indian

elite served in the British

government and army

Absorbed British culture

British Officials

Indian Population

Indian Elite

Glass Ceiling

Highest positions were still

filled by the British

Resentment

Nationalism starts with this

offended Indian elite

British Officials

Indian Population

Indian Elite

China

Closed System

1500 – Most Advanced Technologies

Europeans borrow during Age of Exploration

1800 – Behind Europe Technologically

French cartoon,

late 1890s

While a Mandarin

official helplessly

looks on, "China"

as a pie is about to

be "carved up" by:

- Queen Victoria

(GB)

- Wilhelm II

(Germany)

- Nicholas II

(Russia)

- Marieanne

(France)

- Meiji Emperor

(Japan)

China

China still not interested in European goods in 19th century

British have to pay for Chinese goods with silver.

China

Opium Trade

Grown in India, sold in China

Opium Wars 1839-42, 1856-60

British Win – gain Hong Kong(returned to China in 1997)

Opium

Silver

ChinaBritish

India

Opium use in China

Japan

1500s – Jesuit missionaries arrive

1600s – Jesuits – and all outsiders – expelled

1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry (U.S.N.)

demands negotiations

Japan opens/Westernizes

Commodore Matthew Perry

forced the Japanese to end

isolationism

% of territories belonging to

Europe/U.S. in 1900

Africa 90.4%

Polynesia 98.9%

Asia 56.5%

Australia 100%

Americas 27.2%

Reasons for New Imperialism

Technology Gap in late 19th century

Greater than any time before or since

National Security

Protect investments (e.g., Suez Canal)

Naval Bases

Special Interests (missionaries, etc.)

Natural Resources / Expand Markets

Adventure

Civilizing Mission

Education ( Kipling’s “White Man’s Burden”)

Social Darwinism

Origin of the Species (1859)

Evolutionary theory

Common descent

Survival of the fittest

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinismapplies Darwin’s

scientific findings to

justify fierce

competition between

individuals and nations

for dominance.Herbert Spencer

Social Darwinism

“I contend… that we

[English] are the finest

race in the world and the

more of the world we

inhabit the better it is for

the human race.”

-- Sir Cecil Rhodes

[See McKay, 871]

“The White Man’s Burden”

by Rudyard Kipling

Take up the White Man’s burden—

Send forth the best ye breed—

Go bind your sons to exile

To serve your captives’ need;

To wait in heavy harness,

On fluttered folk and wild—

Your new-caught sullen peoples,

Half-devil and half-child.