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DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 1/24
The Ontology Model and Reasoner to
Build an Autonomic System
for U-Health Smart Home
Jin Kim
DPNM Lab.
Department of Computer and Communications EngineeringPOSTECH, Korea
aroma@postech.ac.kr
December 21, 2009
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 2/24
Agenda
I. Contents and Motivation
II. Objective
III. State of Arts
IV. Proposed Solution
V. Implementation and Tests
VI. Conclusion & Perspectives
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 3/24
Contents and Motivation
Aging society and Health cost problemReduce the healthcare costs of elderly
Abuse and neglect of senior citizens
Bring healthcare to remote locations
Among elderly, falls(60% at home) is leading cause of injury and hospital admission
Why is it complex?Understand the health support for elderly at home
Understand the behavior of elderly at home
Heterogeneity of technologies at home
Medical symptoms are complex
=> Requires the convergence of technologies and knowledge
U-health Smart Home is one of the
possible solutions
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 4/24
Objective
General question: How web semantic
technologies can help to build a U-Health smart
Home?
Question 1: Is it possible to create model to capture
all the details of the smart home and the elderly
situation (including health) at home?
Question 2: Is it possible to build some kind of
autonomic decision making system that can use this
semantic model to manage any elderly situation at
home without any human intervention?
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 5/24
State of Arts(1/3) – Smart Home Projects
Project Organization Year Target Characteristic
Center for Future Health Rochester Univ. 1998 ~ Medical care Proactive health system that supports the
personal health care needs of all
Aware Home Research
Initiative
Georgia Institute of
Technology
2000 ~ User`s convenience Aimed at addressing the fundamental technical,
design, and social challenges for people in a
home setting
MavHome project Texas Univ. 2002 ~ User`s convenience Sense and predict the occupants’ mobility habits
and their use of electrical appliances
Medical automation
Research Center
Virginia Univ. 2003 ~ Medical care Molecular automation, technologies to promote
dignified aging, medical efficiency technology, etc.
Smart home program Duke Univ. 2003 ~ User`s convenience Student actually reside in home
CodeBlue project Harvard Univ. 2004 ~ Medical care infra Develop the wireless infrastructure for emergency
medical care
CASAS Washington State Univ. 2005 ~ User`s convenience Intelligent home environment, multi-disciplinary
research project
IRIS Institute for Rebabilitation
Republic of Slovenia
2007 ~ Medical care Persons with disabilities and elderly persons
Nokia Smart Home Nokia Research Center 2007 ~ User`s convenience Building an open ecosystem for digital home
control
House_n Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
- User`s convenience Focus on how the design of the home and its
related technologies, products, and services
should evolve to better meet the opportunities and
challenges of the future
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 6/24
State of Arts(2/3) – Autonomic Computing
What is Autonomic Computing?
Initiated by IBM in 2001
• To develop computer systems capable of self-management
• To overcome the rapidly growing complexity of IT
management
Define the MAPE architecture
• MAPE: Monitor, Analyze, Plan, Execute
Introduce the concept of Knowledge Base (KB)
• Database that contains all the knowledge necessary to the
autonomic computing to achieve self-management
• Based on a semantic model
(*) Other approaches are model less:
• AI approaches (Bio-inspired, etc.)
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 7/24
State of Arts(3/3) – Semantic Web Technologies
What is Semantic Model?It is an abstract view that captures all the concepts and relationships within a domain
What is Ontology?It is a formal representation of the semantic model
Ontology is used to formally define domains
What is Description Logic (DL)?Description logics are a family of knowledge representation language which can be used to represent the concept definitions of an application domain in a structured and formally well-understood way
What is OWL?It is an Ontology language for defining and instantiating Web Ontology
Allows to define concepts, relations, and facts (based on DL)
Standard from W3C
What is Reasoner?The Reasoner is a piece of software to infer logical consequences from a set of asserted facts or axioms
It is interdisciplinary, covering research in, e.g., philosophy, logic, AI, statistics, cognitive science, law, psychology, mathematics, and the sciences
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 8/24
Synthesis
Smart Home
Autonomic
System
Semantic
Web
Technologies
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 9/24
Proposed Architecture for Smart Home (1/3)
What are the requirements?
Health care part
Hospital / doctor
Specialized organization
Remote diagnosis
Autonomic computing part
Information filtering / aggregation
Situation / context modeling
Intelligence reasoning
Decision making
Home networking part
Information gathering
Service discovery
Appliance discovery
Sensing part
Nano / Bio sensor
Environment sensor
ActuatorHome control unit
Home automation
Smart Home
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 10/24
Proposed Architecture for Smart Home (2/3)
Home Sensor Network Autonomic System
Medical Sensor Network
Sensor
Aggregation
node
Internet
Hospital ( Control System )
Sensor
Sensor
Monitor
Analyze
Plan
Execute
Knowledge
Home Gateway
Appliances
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 11/24
Detailed Architecture for the Autonomic System
Proposed Architecture for Smart Home (3/3)
Wired and Wireless Network
in the Smart Home
Distributed Framework
Monitor Analyze Plan Execute
InteractingP
hysic
al
En
viro
nm
en
t
Health-care
ProviderReasoningKBA
uto
no
mic
Syste
m
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 12/24
Specification of an Ontology Model for U-Health Smart Home: General Approach
1. CIM Classes & Relations SelectionWe inspired from the DMTF Common Information Model
CIM is an open standard that defines how managed elements in an IT environment are represented as a common set of objects and relationships between them
Advantage:• CIM is a Open and Free standard model in IT
• It is well documented
• The model is rich ( a lot of classes, relations )
Limitation:• Oriented IT and not U-Health Smart Home
• No definition of context or situation
• Many concepts required in the U-Health Smart Home do not exist
• CIM is defined in UML but not in a semantic language
Understand the semantic of the classes and their relations and select those CIM classes and relations which are useful to build our model
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 13/24
The result is called the SHOM
(Smart Home Ontology Model)
2. Select a Smart Home Specification Language :OWL (Web Ontology Language):
• OWL-Lite, OWL-DL, OWL-Full
3. Convert CIM classes/relations into OWL ontology model
4. Enhance the resulting model with new concepts and relations to be able to perform autonomic decisions in the U-Health Smart Home
Specification of an Ontology Model for U-Health Smart Home: General Approach
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 14/24
CIM Classes and Relations Selection
CIM SchemaCIM Schema = Core model + Common models
The core model captures notions that are applicable to all areas of management and represents a starting point for determining how to extend the common schema
The common models are information models that capture notions that are common to particular management areas, but independent of any particular technology or implementation
Which classes are useful for the project?CIM_Core of Core Model
CIM_Device of Common Model
CIM_System of Common Model
CIM_User of Common Model
CIM_Service of Common Model
Other not used models (may be useful in the future)• CIM_Application, CIM_Database, CIM_Event, CIM_Interop, CIM_Policy,
CIM_Network
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 15/24
Converting CIM to OWL
Converting the main CIM concepts into OWL
Add semantic information to the relationships between concepts
Functional
Inverse
Transitive
Symmetric
CIM OWL
Class <owl:class>
Generalization <rdfs:subClassOf>
Property <owl:DatatypeProperty>
REF Property <owl:ObjectProperty>
Min <owl:minCardinality>
Max <owl:maxCardinality>
Required <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype=“&xsd;int”>1
</owl:minCardinality>
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 16/24
Enhancing the Resulting Model
CIM classes are not sufficient to model the U-Health Smart Home world
Added several concepts and relation between concepts TBox (TerminologicalBox) such as
Patient (Monitored and Not Monitored)
Sensors (Bio, Environment)
Situation (Activity, etc.)
Smart Home, Room, etc.
Used several ABox (AssertionBox) to create relations between individuals and concepts
SHOM: Proposed Smart Home Ontology Model
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 17/24
SHOM: Smart Home Ontology Model
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 18/24
Reasoning on the SHOM
What is reasoning?
Reasoning is the cognitive process of looking for
reasons, beliefs, conclusions, and actions
Reasoning is a kind of test for context recognition
and right decision making
How do we reason on an ontology?
To define reasoning rules in the ontology
To use a reasoner that is able to reason on the
ontology (applying inner logic rules + the defined
rules)
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 19/24
Reasoning on the SHOM
How to define rules?
SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) is a
proposal for a Semantic Web rules-
language, combining sublanguages of the
OWL Web Ontology Language (OWL DL
and Lite) with those of the Rule Markup
Language
SWRL uses logic operators to define rules
• AND, OR, NOT, {¬, ∃, ∍, ∩, ∪}
SWRL rules are stored in the ontology as
concepts
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 20/24
Reasoning on the SHOM
Example of rule to identify elderly situation and take an autonomic decision:
If the elderly is in his bed and the TV is off and the Light is Off, then the elderly is sleeping
If the elderly is sleeping, then set the temperature in the room to 27 degrees
SWRL Formal Specification:
isInRoom(?x, bedroom) ∧hasApplianceState(tv_bedroom, false) ∧hasApplianceState(light_bedroom, false) → hasUserActivityState(?x, SleepingActivityState)
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 21/24
Implementation and Tests
Development environments
Protégé 3.4.1 and 4.0
JAVA SE Runtime environment 1.6.0
Eclipse SDK 3.5.1
Pellet API 2.0.0 & OWL API 2.2.0
Defined classes in the SHOM
Whole classes (103)
Defined TBox and Concepts Properties
Object property (26) + Data property (37)
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 22/24
Conclusion(1/2)
Question 1: Is it possible to create model to capture all
the details of the smart home and the elderly situation
and health?
We have proposed an ontology model (SHOM) to capture the
concepts of the U-Health Smart Home. We have used
successfully the ontology concepts to capture the semantic of
the relations between several entities in the home
Question 2: Is it possible to build some kind of autonomic
decision making system that could take care of the
elderly at home without any external help for many
situations
We have used SHOM to define semantic rules to capture the
situation of the elderly at home. And based on this situation we
have shown how we can enforce some autonomic decisions
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 23/24
Conclusion(2/2)
ContributionInitial specifications of a semantic model for U-Health Smart Home and initial autonomic decision-making
LimitationThe model and autonomic decision are only a first initiative that should be developed extensively taking into account real situations
Future workEnhance the model and reasoning part
Interface the autonomic system with the other components of the autonomic system
Perform some real tests in the POSTECH Smart Home to understand elderly behavior at home
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 24/24
Thank you
Q&A
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 25/24
Appendix
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 26/24
Reasoner Comparison
Bossam Pellet KAON2 RacerPro Jena FaCT++
OWL-DL
entailment
yes yes yes Yes
Supported
expressivity
for
reasoning
SROIQ(D) SHIQ(D) SHIQ(D-) SROIQ(D)
Reasoning
algorithm
Rule-based Tableau Resolution
& Datalog
Tableau Rule-based Tableau
Consistency
checking
yes yes Incomplet
for OWL DL
Yes
DIG support no yes yes yes yes Yes
Rule
support
SWRL &
own rule
format
SWRL SWRL SWRL-Not
fully support
& own rule
format
Own rule
format
No
Licencing Free/closed-
source
Free/open-
source &
nonFree/clo
sed-source
Free/closed-
source
Nonfree/clo
sed-source
Free/open-
source
Free/open-
source
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 27/24
CIM MOF File Style
MOF File Contents (ex: PhysicalElement )
// Copyright (c) 2005 DMTF. All rights reserved.
// <change cr="SysDevCR00714.001" type ="change">Update of
// descriptions based on Tech Edit review.</
// <change cr="ArchCR00066.004" type="add">Add UmlPackagePath
// qualifier values to CIM Schema.</change>
// ==================================================================
// CIM_PhysicalElement
// ==================================================================
[Abstract, Version ( "2.10.0" ),
UMLPackagePath ( "CIM::Core::Physical" ),
Description (
"Subclasses of CIM_PhysicalElement define any component of a "
"System that has a distinct physical identity. Instances of "
"this class can be defined as an object that can be seen or "
"touched. All Processes, Files, and LogicalDevices are "
"considered not to be Physical Elements. For example, it is not "
"possible to touch the functionality of a \'modem.\' You can "
"touch only the card or package that implements the modem. The "
"same card could also implement a LAN adapter. PhysicalElements "
"are tangible ManagedSystemElements that have a physical "
"manifestation of some sort. \n"
……..
class CIM_PhysicalElement : CIM_ManagedSystemElement {
[Key, Description (
"An arbitrary string that uniquely identifies the "
"Physical Element and serves as the key of the Element. "
"The Tag property can contain information such as asset "
"tag or serial number data. The key for PhysicalElement “
………
MaxLen ( 256 )]
string Tag;
……….
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 28/24
CIM UML example(1/2)
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 29/24
CIM UML example(2/2)
SettingDefineState
- Initial value setting
ElementSettingData
- current value setting
SettingsDefineCapabilities
- limitation of value
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 30/24
Whole Classes Taxonomy
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 31/24
Whole Classes with Object Properties
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 32/24
ManagedElement Class
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 33/24
PhysicalElement Class
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 34/24
LogicalDevice and State Class
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 35/24
UserEntity and UserActivityState Class
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 36/24
ManagedSystemElement and Organizaiont Class
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 37/24
Snapshot Using Protégé Tool
Protégé 4
For OWL 2
Protégé 3.4.1
For SWRL
DPNM, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 38/24
Autonomic System by IBM
Four common managed resource arrangements
Autonomic computing reference architecture
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