The Phrase. A phrase is a group of words that is used as a single part of speech and does not...
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- The Phrase
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- A phrase is a group of words that is used as a single part of
speech and does not contain a verb and its subject Verb phrase:
have been waiting (no subject) Prep Phrase: during the storm (no
subject or verb) A group of words that has a subject and a verb is
called a clause. Stay tuned for more info about clauses in our next
unit.
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- Prepositional Phrases A prepositional phrase includes a
preposition, a noun or a pronoun called the object of the
preposition and any modifiers of that object Did officials of the
Carnegie Museum recently unveil plans for a new exhibit. The
compound noun Carnegie Museum is the object of the preposition of.
The noun exhibit is the object of the preposition for According to
Miss Lion, Frye boots are perfect to wear while walking on Caroline
street. Miss Lion is the object of the preposition According to and
Caroline street is the object of the preposition on
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- Prepositional Phrases The object of a preposition may be
compound. On Saturdays and Sundays, I like to stay in my pajamas as
long as possible. Youll walk towards Prince Edward and Amelia St.
Prepositional Phrases are usually used as adjectives or adverbs.
Occasionally, a prep phrase is used as a noun. Before lunch will be
convenient. Before lunch is used as a noun because it is the
subject of the sentence.
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- The Adjective Phrase An adjective phrase is a prepositional
phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun An adjective phrase tells:
what kind or which one One of my friends is making a film about our
senior year. of my friends modifies the pronoun one about our
senior year modifies the noun film An adjective phrase always
follows the word it modifies. That word may be the object of
another preposition The film wont include all of the students in
our class. of the students modifies the DO all. in our class
modifies students which is the object of the prep of
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- The Adjective Phrase More than one adjective phrase may modify
the same word. Instead, it will relate the adventures of five
students at school and in their neighborhood. of five students at
school and in their neighborhood modify the noun adventures
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- The Adverb Phrase An adverb phrase is a prepositional phrase
that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. It tells: how,
when, where, why, or to what extent (how long/how far) After the
early 800s, the Fujiwara family ruled as regents in Japan for more
than 300 years. More than one adverb phrase can modify the same
word. Also, an adverb phrase (unlike the adjective phrase) can
precede the word it modifies
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- The Adverb Phrase An adverb phrase may modify an adjective Then
the Kennedys, another family active in American politics, gained
the presidency. In American politics modifies the adjective active
An adverb phrase may modify an adverb Jack Kennedy was said to be
too progressive for his own good. for his own good modifies
progressive
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- Verbals and Verbal Phrases A verbal is a form of a verb used as
a noun, adjective, or an adverb. Three kinds of verbals are: The
participle The gerund The infinitive A verbal phrase consists of a
verbal and its modifiers and complements. The three kinds of verbal
phrases are: The participial phrase The gerund phrase The
infinitive phrase
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- The Participle A participle is a verb form that can be used as
an adjective. Two kinds of participles are the present participle
and the past participle. Present Participles end in ing The
freezing rain made the road slick. Bowing, the actor accepted the
applause. Did I hear someone knocking on the door?
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- The Participle Past Participles end in ed (although some are
irregularly formed) For Christmas, Ms. Carpenter wanted an engraved
necklace. Toxic water samples were taken from areas affected by
hydraulic fracturing. Rested and relaxed, we returned to school.
Because they are verbs, participles have different tenses. In
addition to present and past forms, they also have a present
perfect form. Ex: having gone, having been gone
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- The Participle Dont confuse a participle used as an adjective
with a participle used as part of a verb phrase. Adjective: Grove
City College, founded in 1876, was where Ms. Carpenter completed
her undergraduate degree. Verb Phrase: Grove City College was
founded in 1876, and was where Ms. Carpenter completed her
undergraduate degree.
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- The Participial Phrase A participial phrase consists of a
participle and all of the words related to the participle They may
be modified by adverbs and may also have complements Grinning
broadly, Ms. Lion wore her Frye boots to school. Proclaiming his
innocence, the student denied that he forgot to do his homework.
Puzzled by her missing makeup brushes, Ms. Carpenter consulted
Lola, the cat. Istanbul, formerly named Constantinople, is in
Turkey.
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- The Participial Phrase In order to prevent confusion, place
participial phrases as close as possible to the words that they
modify. Misplaced: Stalking the squirrel, I saw the cat out in the
yard. Improved: I saw the cat stalking the squirrel out in the
yard.
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- The Gerund A gerund is a verb ending in ing that is used as a
noun Subject: Fishing requires great patience. Pred. Nom: Sallys
field is welding. DO: Please stop whispering. IDO: The team gave
winning their best effort. OBofPrep: In answering, give specific
examples.
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- The Gerund Dont confuse a gerund with a present participle used
as an adjective or as part of a verb phrase Gerund: I remember
driving from Florida to Texas last fall. (DO of the verb remember.)
Present Participle: Driving on long trips, we usually take turns
behind the wheel. (adjective modifying the pronoun we) Present
Participle: We heard mostly country music on the radio while we
were driving. (main verb in the verb phrase were driving) When you
use a noun or pronoun just before a gerund, use the possessive
form. Elliots pitching won the game. What did the teacher say about
your missing the test yesterday?
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- The Gerund Phrase A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and all
of the words related to the gerund. Like participles, gerunds may
have modifiers and complements. Managing the restaurant efficiently
required lots of hard work. My cousin enjoys working as a
lifeguard. We were fined for parking there. Her greatest
achievement was winning a Pulitzer.
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- The Infinitive An infinitive is a verb form that can be used as
a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. An infinitive usually begins
with to. Nouns: To leave now would be rude. (subject of would be)
No one wants to stay. (DO of wants) Her goal is to win. (PN
identifying the subject goal) Adjectives: She is the candidate to
watch. (adj. modifying non candidate) The one to see is the class
president. (adj. modifying the pronoun one) Adverbs: We came to
cheer. (adverb modifying the verb came) Is everybody ready to go?
(adverb modifying the adjective ready)
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- The Infinitive Dont confuse an infinitive with a prepositional
phrase beginning with to. Remember that a prepositional phrase ends
with a noun or pronoun. Infinitives, like participles, have
different tense forms. The preceding examples all contain present
infinitives. To have seen Anderson Cooper would have pleased Ms.
Carpenter. Todd was disappointed not to have been chosen.
InfinitivesTo goTo forgetTo graduate Prepositional Phrases To
themTo the partyTo everyone
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- The Infinitive Be careful, because sometimes the word to, the
sign of the infinitive, is sometimes omitted. Lets (to) wait here.
The clowns made us (to) laugh. Help me (to) wash the car. Think of
infinitives in other languages. For example: Jouer- to play Laver-
to wash Manger- to eat
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- The Infinitive Phrase An infinitive phrase consists of an
infinitive and all of the words related to the infinitive. They may
have modifiers and complements To become a doctor is her goal. (the
inf. Phrase is the subject of the verb is) They promised to return
soon. (the inf. Phrase is the DO of the verb promised. The adverb
soon modifies the infinitive to return) We have time to walk to the
concert. (the infinitive phrase modifies the noun time. The adverb
phrase to the concert modifies the infinitive to walk). Its
important to be prompt for an interview. (the infinitive phrase
modifies the adjective important. The modifier prompt is the
predicate adjective of the infinitive to be. The adverb phrase for
an interview modifies the adjective prompt.)
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- The Infinitive Phrase Unlike other verbals, an infinitive may
have a subject, such a construction is called an infinitive clause.
Everyone expects Guadalupe to win the election. (Guadalupe is the
subject of the infinitive to win. The entire infinitive clause is
the DO of the verb expects) We asked her to lead the discussion.
(Her is the subject of the infinitive to lead. The entire
infinitive clause is the DO of the verb asked) I found everyone to
be friendly. (Everyone is the subject of the infinitive to be. The
entire infinitive clause is the DO of the verb found)
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- Appositives An appositive is a noun or pronoun placed beside
another noun or pronoun to identify or explain it. An appositive
usually follows the word it identifies or explains My cousin,
Mackenzie, is an awesome tennis player. I bought some apple cider,
my favorite fall drink, at the farmers market. For emphasis,
however, an appositive may come at the beginning of a sentence. A
natural leader, Jared Watson ruled over SCA with an iron fist.
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- Appositive Phrases An appositive phrase consists of an
appositive and its modifiers. My best friends car, an olive colored
jeep covered in dog hair, is the best when we have the top down. An
appositive phrase usually follows the word it explains or
identifies but may precede it. Once a pagan feast, Valentines Day
is now celebrated as a day of love.
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