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The ProcessThe Process
Departemen Ilmu Komputer IPB
Software Process Software Process OverviewOverviewThe roadmap to building high quality
software products is software process. Software processes are adapted to
meet the needs of software engineers and managers as they undertake the development of a software product.
A software process provides a framework for managing activities that can very easily get out of control.
Different projects require different software processes.
Software Process Software Process OverviewOverviewThe software engineer's work products
(programs, documentation, data) are produced as consequences of the activities defined by the software process.
The best indicators of how well a software process has worked are the quality, timeliness, and long-term viability of the resulting software product.
Software Engineering & Software Engineering & Its Generic PhasesIts Generic PhasesSoftware engineering encompasses a
process, management techniques, technical methods, and the use of tools.
Definition phase - focuses on what (information engineering, software project planning, requirements analysis).
Development phase - focuses on how (software design, code generation, software testing).
Support phase - focuses on change (corrective maintenance, adaptive maintenance, perfective maintenance, preventative maintenance).
A Layered A Layered TechnologyTechnology
Software EngineeringSoftware Engineering
a a ““qualityquality”” focus focus
process modelprocess model
methodsmethods
toolstools
A Common Process A Common Process FrameworkFramework
Umbrella Activities (muncul di Umbrella Activities (muncul di setiap frameworksetiap frameworkSoftware project managementFormal technical reviewsSoftware quality assuranceSoftware configuration managementDocument preparation and productionReusability managementMeasurementRisk management
Capability Maturity Model - SEICapability Maturity Model - SEI
Level 1: Initial (ad hoc software processes)
Level 2: Repeatable (able to repeat earlier successes)
Level 3: Defined (management and
engineering processes documented, standardized, and integrated into organization-wide software process)
Capability Maturity Model - SEICapability Maturity Model - SEI
Level 4; Managed (software process and products are quantitatively understood and controlled using detailed measures)
Level 5: Optimizing (continuous process improvement is enabled by quantitative feedback from the process and testing innovative ideas)
Process as Problem Process as Problem SolvingSolving
The Process Model:The Process Model:AdaptabilityAdaptability
the framework activities will always be applied on every project ... BUT
the tasks (and degree of rigor) for each activity will vary based on:◦the type of project (an “entry point”
to the model)◦characteristics of the project◦common sense judgment;
concurrence of the project team
Software Process ModelSoftware Process Model
Linear Sequential Model (old fashioned but reasonable approach when requirements are well understood)
Prototyping Model (good first step when customer has a legitimate need, but is clueless about the details, developer needs to resist pressure to extend a rough prototype into a production product)
Rapid Application and Development (RAD) Model (makes heavy use of reusable software components with an extremely short development cycle)
The Linear The Linear ModelModel
Iterative Iterative ModelsModels
RADRAD
Software Process ModelSoftware Process Model
Incremental Model (delivers software in small but usable pieces, each piece builds on pieces already delivered)
Spiral Model (couples iterative nature of prototyping with the controlled and systematic aspects of the linear sequential model)
Win-Win Spiral Model (eliciting software requirements defined through negotiation between customer and developer, where each party attempts to balance technical and business constraints)
The Incremental The Incremental ModelModel
analysis design code test
System/informationengineering
analysis design code test
analysis design code test
analysis design code test
increment 2
increment 3
increment 4
increment 1
delivery of1st increment
delivery of2nd increment
delivery of3rd increment
delivery of4th increment
calendar time
An Evolutionary (Spiral) An Evolutionary (Spiral) ModelModel
CustomerCommunication
Planning
Construction & ReleaseCustomerEvaluation
Engineering
Risk Analysis
Software Process ModelSoftware Process Model
Concurrent Development Model (similar to spiral model often used in development of client/server applications)
Component-Based Development (spiral model variation in which applications are built from prepackaged software components called classes)
Concurent (contoh 1 Concurent (contoh 1 element)element)
Component Based Component Based DevelopmentDevelopment
Software Process ModelSoftware Process Model
Formal Methods Model (rigorous mathematical notation used to specify, design, and verify computer-based systems)
Fourth Generation (4GT) Techniques (software tool is used to generate the source code for a software system from a high level specification representation)
Still Other Process Still Other Process ModelsModelsComponent assembly model—the process to apply when reuse is a development objective
Concurrent process model—recognizes that different part of the project will be at different places in the process
Formal methods—the process to apply when a mathematical specification is to be developed
Cleanroom software engineering —emphasizes error detection before testing
Mana yang saya pilih?Mana yang saya pilih?
Studi KasusStudi KasusIteravite process
Apa yang terjadi?Apa yang terjadi?
Iterasi Membantu Iterasi Membantu Meluruskan..Meluruskan..
Ukuran Iterasi Sangat bervariasi, Bergantung pada scope dan waktu dari pekerjaan (umumnya dilakukan 20 hari kerja)
Contoh Iterasi untuk Tom!Contoh Iterasi untuk Tom!
Metode Konvensional Metode Konvensional (Linear)(Linear)Old Fashion
Metode Konvensional (2)Metode Konvensional (2)Need a long time to show the
result
Each Iteration is Mini Each Iteration is Mini ProjectProjectUse Iterative
Each Iteration is Mini Each Iteration is Mini ProjectProjectFinal Package will fulfill user
need!!
Final Schedule?Final Schedule?
Not yet…Not yet…Menurut pendapat Anda, apa
saja yang dapat menyebabkan pergeseran jadwal?
Waks…Waks… Cape deh…. Cape deh….
Buat Adjustment….!Buat Adjustment….!
Goal on the Move…Goal on the Move…
Our Problems?Our Problems?
Atur UlangAtur Ulang
Reroute, lihat prioritas! Reroute, lihat prioritas!
Hitung dan analisis Hitung dan analisis Kemampuan Anda!Kemampuan Anda!
Pertanyaan Dan Diskusi?Pertanyaan Dan Diskusi?
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